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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The role of personality in the onset of eating disorders and treatment implications.

The relationship of personality and eating disorders is largely unclear. The development of well-specified conceptual models of this relationship, developments in family history, behavior genetic and prospective longitudinal research methodology, and careful consideration of how trait constructs may interact with state variables to produce or maintain eating disorders all will help to advance this area of research.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When is domestic violence a hidden face of addiction?

This article reviews studies that address the comorbidity of domestic violence, addictive disorders, and sexual abuse, and presents a model in which domestic violence parallels the chief features of chemical dependency. Domestic violence and addictive disorders share a number of behavioral features, including loss of control, continuation of behavior despite adverse consequences, preoccupation or obsession, development of tolerance, and family involvement. Domestic violence predisposes the next generation to both domestic violence and addictive disorders. Sexual abuse within the family of origin and/or the couple relationship is a common feature of both domestic violence and substance addiction, and predisposes to both disorders in the next generation. Clinicians encountering patients who are perpetrators or victims of domestic violence or sexual trauma, or have addictive disorders, must assess for the presence of comorbid problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management of the patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder frequently manifest bizarre behaviors that contribute to the oral disease development. The medications used to manage the disorder can cause profound xerostomia and compound the magnitude of oral pathology. The patient's behavioral alterations and drug therapy might require dental treatment modifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Continued validation of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.

Scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale have been correlated with measures of obsessive-compulsive tendencies for women, so the validity of scores on this scale for 41 men was examined. Scores on the Perfectionism Scale were significantly correlated (.47-.03) with scores on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical assessment of tics.

Comprehensive clinical evaluation of tics includes (1) assessments to diagnose (a) akathisia, myoclonus, stereotypies, and other dyskinesias and (b) their frequent behavioral concomitants, including attention deficits, compulsions, obsessions, and other psychopathologic manifestations, (2) descriptions of movement parameters from the patients, their parents, teachers, and important others, and (3) precise topographical localization of tics.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapeutic methods in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents].

The psychiatric and psychological literature was systematically reviewed for studies applying psychotherapeutic principles to young persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Abundant clinical and empirical evidence suggest that cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy, is an effective treatment for OCD in children and adolescents. Thirty-two investigations, most of them single case reports, showed some benefit for such kind of interventions. Graded exposure and response prevention form the core of treatment; anxiety management training and specific family interventions may play an adjunctive role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Serotonin activity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: relationship to the modulation of feeding and mood.

Brain serotonin activity contributes to satiety. Theoretically, binging behavior is consistent with reduced serotonin function, whereas anorexia nervosa is consistent with increased serotonin activity. Brain serotonin abnormalities could also contribute to psychopathologic behaviors such as dysphoric mood, disturbance of impulse control, and obsessionality, as well as neuroendocrine disturbances. In fact, disturbances of serotonin have been found in acutely ill anorexia nervosa patients. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid found in the diet, is the precursor of serotonin. Thus serotonin disturbances could be secondary to dietary abnormalities. However, disturbances of serotonin activity appear to persist after long-term weight recovery from anorexia nervosa. While speculative, it is possible that increased serotonin activity could contribute to the pathogenesis of restricted eating and obsessional behaviors in this illness. Physiologic and pharmacologic evidence suggest that patients with normal weight bulimia have reduced serotonin activity when acutely ill. Such disturbances, even if secondary to dietary abnormalities, may still contribute to dysphoric mood and binging behavior.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Compulsive buying: a new disorder?].

Despite its high frequency and its severe financial, social and personal complications, compulsive buying is rarely described in the psychiatric literature. We reviewed all the published papers on this syndrome to describe its clinical features, epidemiology and response to drug or psychological treatment. Psychiatric comorbidity is also reviewed and nosologic implications are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A critical appraisal of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in depressed patients.

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to evaluate the utility of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation assays in clinical research in psychoimmunology. METHOD: They examined 23 depressed patients and 23 matched comparison subjects with this assay. There were no significant differences between these groups. They then combined the results of this study with the results of their previous study of 20 depressed patients and 20 comparison subjects to examine possible determinants of lymphocyte proliferation in depression. RESULTS: Depressed patients with lower proliferative responses than their matched comparison subjects had lower depression subscale, anergia subscale, and total scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale than did patients with higher proliferative responses than their matched comparison subjects. This finding was unexpected and unexplained. Depressed patients with lower proliferative responses than their matched comparison subjects also had fewer obsessions and compulsions and less psychomotor agitation according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interview than did patients with higher proliferative responses than their matched comparison subjects. Stepwise discriminant analysis and cluster analysis contributed little further understanding of the determinants of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation of cells from depressed patients. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies using multiple serial determinations of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation are the minimal design needed to make this assay useful in further evaluating any immune system changes in depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a necessary link between phenomenology, neuropsychology, imagery and physiology.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive time-consuming behaviors classified into three to five distinct symptom dimensions including: (1) aggressive/somatic obsessions with checking compulsions; (2) contamination concerns with washing compulsions; (3) symmetry obsessions with counting/ordering compulsions; (4) hoarding obsessions with collecting compulsions; and (5) sexual/religious concerns. Phenomenologically, OCD could be thought of as the irruption of internal signals centered on the erroneous perception that "something is wrong" in a specific situation. This generates severe anxiety, leading to recurrent behaviors aimed at reducing the emotional tension. In this paper, we examine how the abnormalities in brain activity reported in OCD can be interpreted in the light of physiology after consideration of various approaches (phenomenology, neuropsychology, neuroimmunology and neuroimagery) that contribute to proposing the central role of several cortical and subcortical regions, especially the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC), the head of the caudate nucleus and the thalamus. The OFC is involved in the significance attributed to the consequences of action, thereby subserving decision-making, whereas the ACC is particularly activated in situations in which there are conflicting options and a high likelihood of making an error. The DLPC plays a critical part in the cognitive processing of relevant information. This cortical information is then integrated by the caudate nucleus, which controls behavioral programs. A dysfunction of these networks at one or several stages will result in the emergence and maintenance of repetitive thoughts and characteristic OCD behavior.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2005

Delusions or obsessions: the same only different? A case report.

The phenomenological distinction between delusions and obsessions has been the subject of much debate in psychiatry. Some authors feel these symptoms are distinct nosological entities, while others argue that they reflect manifestations of the same symptom and are distinguishable on the basis of the level of insight a patient displays. In this report we describe the case history of a lady who presented with an obsessional disorder. The symptom was resistant to standard treatments and subsequently became more delusional in nature. We review the literature in terms of the classification of obsessions and delusions and offer assistance to clinicians in terms of the diagnosis and treatment of cases where the distinction between these phenomena is not clear and offer alternative means of classifying these symptoms based on insight.

Adult↗