Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OBSESSIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Obsessive-compulsive adolescents and their parents: a psychometric study.

The present study examined obsessive personality traits and achievement expectations of parents with an obsessive-compulsive adolescent. The Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI) and rating scales of occupational and educational aspirations and expectations were administered to both parents and the adolescent of 12 families with an obsessional adolescent and 10 families having an anxious, nonobsessional son or daughter. The parents' LOI scores were similar in the two groups, though higher than normal adults on the trait and resistance scales. The obsessional adolescents perceived their parents to hold significantly higher career demands for them than the anxious adolescents.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective follow-up study.

Twenty-five of 27 patients (93%) who had participated in a study of severe primary obsessive-compulsive disorder with onset in childhood or adolescence, were seen 2-7 yrs after initial examination (mean, 4.4 yrs). They were compared to a group of normal controls matched for age, sex and IQ and followed up for the same period. Continued psychopathology was striking for the patients, with only seven (28%), three males and four females, receiving no psychiatric diagnosis at follow-up. Seventeen subjects (68%) still had obsessive-compulsive disorder, 12 patients (48%) had another psychiatric disorder, most commonly anxiety and/or depression; neither initial response to clomipramine or any other baseline variable predicted outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Rates of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in first degree relatives of patients with trichotillomania: a research note.

To explore a possible relationship between trichotillomania, (TTM) (compulsive hair pulling) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 65 out of 69 (94%) first degree relatives of 16 female probands with severe chronic TTM were compared with two control groups for OCD and for TTM. Three (19%) of the 16 TTM probands had at least one first degree relative with a lifetime history of OCD, and there was an age corrected rate of 6.4% of first degree relatives with OCD. No relative in control group (A) met criteria for OCD. There was a trend (Fishers exact p = .07, two tailed) for a higher rate (age corrected) of OCD in TTM families; these pilot data are consistent with the concept of a spectrum of obsessive compulsive disorders which includes TTM and other pathological grooming behaviours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Brain event-related potential correlates of overfocused attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A hypothesis of overfocused attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder was investigated by measuring auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) during a selective attention task. Unmedicated patients (n = 18) with this disorder showed significantly larger attention-related processing negativity (PN), with earlier onset and longer duration, than did normal controls (n = 15). In the N200 region (160-250 ms), PN was larger in patients with fewer nonspecific neurological soft signs. This task, however, did not yield any group differences in mismatch negativity (N2a) or classical N200 (N2b). P300 amplitudes for attended targets were smaller for patient than normal groups, but the reverse was true for P300 and positive slow wave amplitudes for unattended nontargets. Collectively, these ERP abnormalities suggest a misallocation of cognitive resources. Because of the importance of the frontal lobe in the control of selective attention, PN enhancement in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may reflect hyperactivation of this region. This conceptualization is consistent with recent functional neuroimaging findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Family treatment of an obsessive-compulsive child: a case report.

This paper presents a family therapy approach to the treatment of an obsessive-compulsive child. Psychodynamic, behavioral and family therapy approaches to the etiology and treatment of this dysfunction are described briefly, and a detailed case report of a 15-session treatment utilizing behavioral interventions designed to change the family context is presented. Various procedures for dealing with the obsessive-compulsive behavior have been reported in the literature, including eliminating it directly by interruption or ordeal and modifying it. In this case, the author proceeded by ignoring the compulsive behaviors and concentrating on more functional ones using a paradoxical charting intervention. At one-year follow-up, the child was symptom free. Relationship factors, technical interventions, and stylistic aspects of the therapy are discussed, and the importance of rapid symptom alleviation in these children is underscored.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Obsessive-compulsive neurosis in relation to parental child-rearing patterns amongst the Greek, Italian, and Anglo-Australian subjects.

Obsessive-compulsive neurosis was found to be manifest within a relatively normal (students) population. Obsessional subjects obtained from a clinical sample were compared with those obtained from normal students population on symptom, trait, resistance and interference scales of the Modified Leyton Obsessional Inventory with no significant differences in scores found. Obsessional subjects across three different ethnic/cultural backgrounds (Greeks, Italians and Anglo-Australians) consistently rated their parents as more rejecting and overprotecting and less emotionally warm in their child-rearing practices when compared with normal control subjects. The significant differences found between the obsessionals and the normal control subjects are considered as strongly indicative of the psychopathological conditions of the obsessionals found in a normal population and a differentiating factor between the two groups. Two sub-classes of obsessive-compulsive subjects were distinguished and compared in relation to their perceived parental rearing characteristics. But no significant differences were found. Thus, the notion that compulsive checkers as opposed to compulsive cleaners emerge from two different parental rearing patterns was not sustained in this instance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Latent class analysis of organic aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents.

Organic aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have previously been described and hypotheses of biological etiology have been suggested. Sixty-one patients, 8-17 years of age, who fulfilled the DSM-III criteria for OCD in a review of the records were compared with 117 matched control patients for organic features. The indicators chosen for an organic concept were neurological signs, more than mild electroencephalographic abnormality, specific developmental disorder and attention deficit, and their defining property of an organic concept was confirmed by latent class analysis. Neurological signs was the most sensitive and specific indicator. Significantly fewer OCD children than control patients were assigned to the organic class. Almost all the types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were more related to the non-organic class. Such extroverted symptoms as behavioral problems and loss of temper were significantly more frequent in patients assigned to the latent organic class, whereas symptoms of phobia and depressive mood were more often present in patients belonging to the nonorganic class. No difference was found between OCD patients and controls as to frequency of birth complications. The findings do not support the evidence of OCD having signs of major cerebral disturbance found by conventional neuropediatric methods.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the demographic and diagnostic characteristics of 61 Danish patients.

To find children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a review was made of all the charts of the 4594 nonretarded, nonpsychotic patients treated at the Children's Psychiatric Hospital in Risskov, Denmark, as in- or outpatients from 1970 to 1986. Sixty-one children and adolescents (37 boys and 24 girls) fulfilled the DSM-III criteria for OCD. The frequency of OCD in a child psychiatric clientele was 1.33%, which supports earlier findings. Only 8 of the 61 children were actually discharged with a diagnosis of OCD (ICD-8 diagnosis). Most children were diagnosed as neurosis infantilis and about one fifth received a diagnosis of maladjustment. The possible reasons for this are discussed. It is concluded that it is hardly a matter of underdiagnosing OCD, but more likely an attempt to look upon the obsessive-compulsive symptoms as transient phenomena and perhaps an unwillingness among clinicians to use the diagnosis of OCD, which is often connected with a bad prognosis. Boys and girls with OCD did not differ significantly on important demographic items.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder by psychosurgery.

We report a longitudinal study of 26 patients with medically intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who were treated with psychosurgery and had a comprehensive follow-up for a mean 10 years. Seventeen patients had combined orbitomedial and cingulate lesions, 6 cingulate lesions only and 3 orbitomedial lesions only. Eighteen patients were interviewed personally and lesions verified on magnetic resonance imaging scans in fourteen. On a 6-point global rating scale, 10 (38%) patients had obvious improvement, another 6 (23%) showed mild improvement of doubtful clinical value, and the remaining 10 showed either no change (n = 6; 23%) or were judged to be worse (n = 4; 15%). Both obsessive and compulsive symptoms improved, and this change was independent of the changes in anxiety and depression scores. No significant predictors of improvement were identified. Patients with cingulate lesions only fared worse. Eight patients who had a second operation did not show much improvement. A comparison of a subgroup of patients with 10 matched nonsurgical OCD controls supported the contention that the improvement in OCD was attributable to the psychosurgery. Important adverse effects in the stereotactic surgery group (n = 20) were epilepsy (1 patient) and personality change (2 patients). The psychosurgery group performed relatively poorly on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test but did not show any deterioration in Wechsler Intelligence and Memory scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Development of personality disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. A 6- to 22-year follow-up study.

Forty-seven people with admissions in childhood for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 49 child psychiatric controls were followed up in young adulthood and assessed for DSM-III-R personality disorders with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. The number of personality disorders in OCD patients did not differ significantly from the number in controls. The most common personality disorder was avoidant personality disorder (significantly more frequent than in controls), whereas obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) was not found more often in the OCD group. Subjects with OCD in adulthood seemed to have OCPD more often than childhood OCD patients with no OCD at follow-up. In the whole group, histrionic personality disorders were more common in women than in men and OCPD more common in men than in women, whereas borderline personality disorder was most common among women in the OCD group. The presence of a personality disorder in adulthood could not be correlated with such childhood factors as social background, symptoms or age of onset of OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Circadian rhythms of melatonin, cortisol and prolactin in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Plasma melatonin, cortisol and prolactin (PRL) levels were measured over a 24-h period in 13 drug-free patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in matched healthy subjects. The circadian profiles of melatonin and PRL were altered in patients; the circadian rhythm of cortisol was preserved, although at a higher level compared with normal controls. These changes were significantly related to the severity of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further studies need to clarify the state- or trait-dependent character of these abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: admission patterns and diagnostic stability. A case-register study.

All first-time admissions from 1970 to 1986 with obsessive-compulsive neurosis (OCD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 300.39) or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) (ICD-8 diagnosis number 301.49) were analyzed based on an extract from the nationwide Psychiatric Case Register in Denmark. All patients with secondary diagnoses other than neurotic disorders or personality disorders (including "neuroses characterogenes") were excluded from the study. A total of 284 patients were first-time admitted with a main diagnosis of OCD during the period. The sex ratio was 0.67 (males/females). A total of 126 were first-time admitted with a diagnosis of OCPD, with a sex ratio of 1.18 (males/females). Seventy-seven percent of the readmitted patients with a first-time diagnosis of OCD kept a diagnosis within the "emotional spectrum" at the last admission. About half kept OCD as a main diagnosis, whereas only 15% shifted to a severe psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Of the readmitted patients with OCPD, 13% later developed a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: predictors in childhood for long-term phenomenological course.

Prediction of the phenomenological course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adulthood was determined in 47 probands referred in childhood for in- or outpatient treatment for OCD. The only factor that predicted a poor outcome, defined as the presence of OCD in adulthood, was severity of OCD in childhood, as measured by the duration of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms. More females than males had an episodic course of OCD. However, just as many females as males had OCD, either chronically or episodically, in adulthood. Age of onset did not predict the phenomenological course of OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disorders.

The aims of the present study were to examine the frequency of personality disorders in 36 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to investigate whether patients with a coexisting personality disorder could be characterized by certain personality traits assessed by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In total, 27 (75%) of the OCD patients fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for a personality disorder, and 13 patients (36%) had an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Subjects with a comorbid personality disorder had significantly higher scores on most of the KSP scales, including all anxiety scales, as well as scales measuring indirect aggression, irritability, guilt and detachment, whereas subjects without personality disorders did not differ significantly from healthy controls with regard to personality traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Personality disorders and relationship to personality dimensions measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The occurrence of personality disorders was investigated in 36 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder by means of the SCID Screen questionnaire. In addition, the personality dimensions were explored by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). In total, 75% of the patients fulfilled the criteria for a personality disorder according to the SCID Screen questionnaire, mostly (55%) within cluster C. Several significant correlations were found between the separate personality disorders (PD) and subscales of the TCI, the most pronounced being between avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD and novelty-seeking and self-directedness. Strong correlations were also found between self-directedness and paranoid and borderline PD. In multiple regressions where the presence of PD in clusters A, B and C, respectively, were used as dependent variables and where the separate subscales of the TCI were used as independent variables, the multiple R reached 0.68, 0.76 and 0.80 in clusters A, B and C, respectively. Thus 46-64% of the variance in the personality disorder clusters could be explained by the TCI subscales.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Response to high doses of citalopram in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

We report a severe case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that responded to very high doses of citalopram (160 mg/day) after a poor response to clomipramine 250 mg/day for several years, alone or in combination with buspirone 30 mg/day or flupenthixol 4 mg/day. The patient had previously been submitted for capsulotomy which was declined, probably due to the magical content of her obsessions, which resembled delusions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Selective cognitive deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to panic disorder with agoraphobia.

OBJECTIVE: Visual-spatial and executive functions deficits have been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated their specificity comparing cognitive function in OCD, panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/A) and controls by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. METHOD: Fifty-five subjects (25 OCD, 15 PD/A, 15 controls) without current depressive episode underwent structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Neuropsychological battery assessed: executive functions, visual discrimination, spatial memory and learning, verbal memory, general intellectual functioning. RESULTS: OCD showed controlled fluency, visual-spatial construction, learning and memory deficits; PD/A spatial learning impairment. OCD was discriminated from PD/A and controls by three tests scores, predicting group membership for 76.4% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Visual-constructive and controlled fluency deficits seem specific in OCD, while the spatial learning deficit, shared with PD patients, may not be disorder-specific, but anxiety-related. Results support the proposed ventral frontal-striatal circuit involvement in OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adults with history of rheumatic fever, Sydenham's chorea and type I diabetes mellitus: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatic fever (RF) associated with Sydenham's chorea (a neurological variant of RF), but not RF without chorea, has been acutely related to obsessive-compulsive symptomatology/disorder (OCS/OCD). This study investigated the presence of OCS in adults who had RF with or without chorea in childhood. METHOD: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to evaluate OCS in 38 adults with history of RF (13 with chorea; 25 without chorea) or diabetes (controls; n = 19). RESULTS: The OCS was similar in both groups, although the intensity of symptoms was not clinically relevant. Moreover, subjects with RF with or without chorea did not score differently in the Y-BOCS. CONCLUSION: The similar occurrence of OCS in patients with history of RF and diabetes suggests that the development of this symptomatology, triggered by group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus infections, is restricted to the RF acute phase, occurred during infancy, and did not seem to predispose the appearance of OCS in adulthood.

Adolescent↗