Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nephrolithiasis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The etiological factors in pyelonephritis occurring against a background of nephrolithiasis].

656 urine and 78 blood samples were examined immunomicrobiologically. No bacterial growth was recorded in 43.8% of urine samples. Opportunistic bacteria were represented by Enterobacteriaceae, nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria with predominance of E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa isolated both in monocultures and in associations in conventional diagnostic titers (1g 5 CFU/ml). Throughout 40 days of the hospital stay microflora continuously changed, but until the discharge the infection persisted. The study of the immunological aspect of anti-infection resistance showed that most of the examinees (73%) at admission with pyelonephritis exacerbation have deficient cellular and humoral defense.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1994

Nephrolithiasis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pathogenesis and management of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.

Hypercalciuria has long been recognized as an important metabolic derangement associated with the formation of calcareous renal stones. Hypercalciuria increases the saturation of the urine with respect to stone-forming salts and reduces inhibitor activity. There is now ample evidence that 'idiopathic hypercalciuria' is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising several entities including absorptive, renal and resorptive forms of hypercalciuria. Absorptive hypercalciuria is the most common variety, and recent studies suggest that in a large subset of these patients, increased intestinal calcium absorption is caused by increased production of calcitriol or greater sensitivity to calcitriol (e.g. upregulation of vitamin D receptors). Reduced spinal bone density found in these patients may relate to increased action of calcitriol on bone or to other factors. Since patients with vitamin D-dependent absorptive hypercalciuria may develop negative calcium balance when placed on diets restricted in calcium, therapy is shifting from severe dietary calcium restriction and sodium cellulose phosphate (calcium-binding resin) to thiazides and orthophosphates, which promote calcium retention. For each form of hypercalciuria, selective therapy should provide the best results.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Role of nephrocalcin in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization and nephrolithiasis.

Kidney cells produce at least three proteins that slow the rate of calcium oxalate crystallization. Nephrocalcin (NC), one of the three, is an acidic glycoprotein that contains gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA), and inhibits nucleation, aggregation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals. Nephrocalcin is abnormal in urine of stone-forming patients, in lacking GLA. It acts by absorbing to crystal surfaces. NC is produced by cultured renal proximal tubule cells, and by some lines of renal carcinoma cells, but its regulation is not yet characterized. Its sequence is not known, nor do we known the molecular basis for the abnormal character of NC is stone-forming patients. Compared to Tamm-Horsefall protein and uropontin, the two other inhibitors, NC is very potent, and is probably of major importance in protecting kidneys against supersaturations caused by normal water conservation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and calcium nephrolithiasis.

Available data on the effects of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) on calcium oxalate crystallization processes are apparently conflicting. With the main emphasis on calcium oxalate crystal aggregation, this review demonstrates that THP has a dual role as a modifier of crystal aggregation: in solutions with high pH, low ionic strength (IS) and low concentrations of calcium and THP itself, the glycoprotein acts as a powerful inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Conversely, low pH, high IS and high concentrations of calcium and THP all favor self-aggregation of THP molecules which lowers their inhibitory activity against calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Some patients with severely recurrent Ca stone disease excrete abnormal THPs which self-aggregate at levels of pH, IS and concentrations of Ca and THP at which normal THPs remain in monomeric form. With high Ca concentrations, such abnormal THPs become strong promoters of crystal aggregation, since conformational changes in crystal-bound THP molecules induce strong viscous binding forces which overcome repulsive electrostatic surface charges. By chelating free Ca ions, citrate reduces self-aggregation of THP molecules and turns promoting THPs into inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and partial characterization of a chloride channel gene which is expressed in kidney and is a candidate for Dent's disease (an X-linked hereditary nephrolithiasis).

Dent's disease, an X-linked renal tubular disorder, is a form of Fanconi syndrome which is characterized by proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones and renal failure. Previous studies localised the gene responsible to Xp11.22, within a microdeletion involving the hypervariable locus DXS255. Further analysis using new probes which flank this locus indicate that the deletion is less than 515 kb. A 185 kb YAC containing DXS255 was used to screen a cDNA library from adult kidney in order to isolate coding sequences falling within the deleted region which may be implicated in the disease aetiology. We identified two clones which are evolutionarily conserved, and detect a 9.5 kb transcript which is expressed predominantly in the kidney. Sequence analysis of 780 bp of ORF from the clones suggests that the identified gene, termed hCIC-K2, encodes a new member of the CIC family of voltage-gated chloride channels. Genomic fragments detected by the cDNA clones are completely absent in patients who have an associated microdeletion. On the basis of the expression pattern, proposed function and deletion mapping, hCIC-K2 is a strong candidate for Dent's disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The percutaneous endoscopic treatment of staghorn nephrolithiasis].

Basing on the data obtained on percutaneous removal of stag-horn nephroliths in 81 patients (44 females and 37 males aged 10-65), the authors discuss the operative technique and surgical results. The patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the stone size, its position in the pelvicaliceal system, the presence and severity of calicectasis. Nephroliths sizes ranged from 3.5 to 10 cm. Better treatment results were obtained in those patients who had the main mass of the stone in renal pelvis and in those with pyelocalicectasis. After the treatment 72 patients (88.8%) were free of the stones. Common among complications were episodes of pyelonephritis after the intervention and displacement of the nephrostomy drainage. The authors gained primary experience which supports benefit of percutaneous surgery of stag-horn nephroliths.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The surgical treatment of staghorn nephrolithiasis in children and its effect on kidney function].

29 children with coral nephroliths were examined by dynamic nephroscintigraphy before surgery, after it and on postoperative month 6-24. The patients whose age ranged from 5 to 15 years underwent sectional nephrolithotomy (22 cases) or partial nephrolithotomy (7 cases). The findings led the authors to the following conclusions: the reduction in the renal function following sectional nephrolithotomy is inversely proportional to preoperative functional deficiency of the affected kidney; application of partial and sectional nephrolithotomy in children with coral and multiple nephroliths is justified only in case of contraindications to extracorporeal impulse lithotripsy; sectional nephrolithotomy in children with coral nephroliths is indicated in initial deficiency of the affected kidney function more than 50%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Therapy of nephrolithiasis].

Urolithiasis has always been a well known phenomenon to mankind. Whereas up to the beginning of the 19th century, open surgery for bladder stones was known to be a high risk operation due to its frequent complications, nowadays we are able to disintegrate renal and vesical calculi into spontaneously excretable fragments by means of shock waves generated extracorporeally (ESWL). The physical principles of shock waves and their impact on the stone are explained. By means of ESWL the time of hospitalisation as well as of recovery can be massively reduced saving billions to our economy.

Humans↗