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PubMed1991

[Articles from Castilla-La Mancha, of primary health care interest, published in national journals. Review of 5 years (1986-1990)].

The publications cover the research undertaken and express the scientific level of a community or of a field of study. To describe the scientific development of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM), 71 projects carried out in the area are studied. These projects were found in seven national magazines, through a survey of the period 1986-1990. Of these, variants in both authors and articles have been studied. 44% are in Primary Care. There are 141 authors (only two with greater than 10 articles). Professionals working in Health Centres participate in 31 articles (44%). The subject most commonly dealt with is that of drugs. 58% of the bibliographical references fall within the previous 5 years. 83% are "originals" and "letters to the editor"; of these, 71% use descriptive and 22% analytical methods. 39% use inferential statistics. The results have confirmed Bradford and Lotka's bibliometric laws. Those in the scientific community of CLM who have researched into PHC do not appear to differ from any other research groups. A greater use of analytical methods would raise the scientific level of PHC.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' perceptions related to the use of infection control procedures.

An assessment was made of the public's attitudes toward infection control techniques utilized in dentistry. Five hundred and nine adults in the State of Maryland responded to a detailed telephone survey in late 1989. Respondents reported that most of their dentists (87.0%) wore gloves and 69.8% of the respondents preferred gloves. Respondents who were most concerned about AIDS also preferred the dentist to wear gloves (92.6%). Respondents received information about AIDS from various sources, chief of which were newspapers or magazines (29.0%) and television (27.3%) but 80.9% would read pamphlets on AIDS if they were available in the dentist's office. Finally, few (13.1%) had ever discussed AIDS with their dentist but most (78.6%) would be comfortable doing so. This study demonstrated that the public accepts and welcomes the use of barrier protection by dentists. The public also is willing to discuss AIDS and infectious diseases with dentists and would read AIDS information supplied by dentists. Given the continued spread of the AIDS epidemic, it is increasingly important for dentists to educate the public about AIDS as well as about the continued safety of the dental office. The public is receptive to this education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Anabolics: the situation in Belgium.

The illegal use of anabolics in 1989-1990 and its control in Belgium are reviewed. After a short presentation of the Belgian legislation and EEC directives, a recent hormone scandal published by a consumer magazine is related and the composition of 17 hormone cocktails found on the black market is given. The strategy of control involves screening of the main artificial anabolics in urine by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and confirmation by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Samples of fat and injection sites are also examined by TLC. In the future, RIA will probably be replaced by enzyme immunoassay and TLC by mass spectrometry.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Paraphilias in U.S. pornography titles: "pornography made me do it" (Ted Bundy).

In 1986, the U.S. Commission on pornography reviewed 3,050 separate magazine and book titles sold in "adults only" pornographic outlets randomly selected in Washington, DC; Baltimore, MD; Miami, FL; Philadelphia, PA; New York, NY; and Boston, MA. Of these, 746 titles could be assigned to a DSM III-R paraphilia category (513 titles if the category partialism is excluded). Incest was listed as a category separately from pedophilia. Thus, 16.8 percent of the titles could be assigned to a paraphilia category (24.4% of all titles, if partialism is included as a category). Paraphilia distribution is discussed. Sadomasochism was by far the most common paraphilia (49.9%) while incest titles comprised 21.4 percent of the perversions. The frequency distribution for the U.S. material is compared with titles reviewed by the Victoria (Australia) State Classification of Publications Board and previously reported by the author.

Erotica↗
PubMed1991

Infant and toddler sleep: a telephone survey of parents in one community.

A telephone survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of infant and toddler sleep disturbances. Parents of all 12- to 35-month-old children listed in one community were contacted, and 81% participated. Many children resisted going to bed (42%) or woke and cried during the night (35%). Approximately half the parents had changed their child's diet, naptime, or bedtime and about half these parents found changing routines helpful. Parents frequently reported that pacifiers or bottles in the crib quieted their children. Crying it out, scheduled awakenings, and progressive delay responding were all effective (70% or better) for parents who were aware of these procedures. Satisfaction did not necessarily correspond with effectiveness. Finally, parents were more likely to seek information about sleep from relatives, friends, or books and magazines than from their physician or from a psychologist.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[Waldheim--the difficult task of investigation].

This is a report on a mental hospital--or, rather, a department of a mental hospital--called "Waldheim", (literal meaning: "hostal, or home in the woods") which is a section of the mental hospital at Hochweitzschen in Saxony in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Public opinion had been aroused some time ago by an article published in the German weekly "Stern" in which it was stated that psychotic patients were being subjected to leukotomy or stereotactic surgery, and that castration by x-ray treatment was being performed in mentally handicapped women, in that hospital. The article prompted the then Ministery of Health of the GDR to constitute an "expert committee" to investigate into the matter. The magazine's allegations were partly confirmed by the committee. The GDR parliament then constituted a "special parliamentary commission" for another inquiry. Again several allegations were confirmed. It was stated that the events and actions in that hospital had been unsatisfactorily assessed and digested. The authors undertake to make the procedures followed by the medical and nursing staff, accessible to a wider public and to render them more lucid. Important structural characteristics of the patterns that developed there, were the governmentally prescribed segregation of severely diseased persons to "treat" them far away from their residential community, the absence of a critical general public, and the amalgamation of supervisory institutions with those that require to be supervised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Historical monograph of the Ateneo Odontológico Mexicano].

This monograph is focused on the role the study group (as an instrument for professional improvement) has played in the development of Mexican Odontology. Today, it still is the most factible alternative for the one who does not wish to be relegated with regards to odontological innovations. Since the first professional societies emerged last century, they had the nature of study groups. And although their aspirations were nationwide, they gave the profession one of the most valuable means of information to the dentist of that time: the scientific magazine. From these societies (study groups) the idea of forming the first Dental School in the Mexican Republic in 1904 originated and crystallized. In the 1930's, societies of specialties appeared in the Mexican Republic working from that moment on as study groups. They are responsible for directing scientific information to the dental population in general, even stepping out of the subject-matter pertaining to their own area. These Associations were: Orthodontics and Buccal Surgery. In 1945, the Dental Study Group U.S.C. of Mexico appeared as a formal study group. Since then, this group offers the dental profession a seminar that is the second oldest Dental Seminar worldwide. One of the merits of the group was to initiate this type of education which spread throughout the Mexican Republic giving rise to the formation of new study groups. In 1966, the Ateneo Odontológico Mexicano was created, and the mystic of its formation, politics and performance are described in this monograph.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1990

How women are targeted by the tobacco industry.

If women in many parts of the world are smoking in greater numbers than ever before, it is probably no coincidence. Women represent a fresh and lucrative target group for the tobacco industry, which has learned to tailor its products and promotion to women's presumed tastes. The promotion images, themes and devices used are analysed in the following article, which also suggests some healthy ground rules for women's magazines to consider adopting.

Advertising↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiologic and clinical approaches in the prevention of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

The current state of the epidemiology and the clinical results of UCC in our surroundings is not satisfactory and is irregular according to different parts of Yugoslavia. In the purpose of attaining a better view of the state in our surroundings, 1957 sexually mature females were polled in the territory of Novi Sad during 1987-1988 (1000 were unemployed and 957 employed) thus we will use parts of this poll in the areas which are of interest for the problems studied. According to our survey, most of the women were unadequately and unsufficiently informed about the causes of uterine cervix diseases, therefore little attention is given to the early start of sexual intercourse (1.7-2.7%), the changing of several sexual partners in a lifetime (5.5-9.8%), hygiene of male sexual organs (1.6-18.7%), and the role of abortions was overestimated (11.5-14.7%) with a considerable number of uncertain responses (22.4-2.6%). Almost 50% of the polled women do not know any possibilities for the individual prevention of UCC risk factors. Most of the women in both of the categories polled (66.0-46.6%) express the opinion that the necessary knowledge should be acquired in these areas through regular education which should be conducted at a suitable age, and there are less of those which think that this knowledge should be acquired through other sources of information (women's magazines or means for public informing and so on).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating women's attitudes and perceptions in developing mammography promotion messages.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although mammography is recognized as the most effective early detection method for breast cancer, it remains underutilized. Communications theory and practice, with its emphasis on formative research, can provide a basis for developing strategies effective in changing mammography-related behaviors. Formative research, an important component of communications planning, can offer information useful in developing suitable messages and materials. The National Cancer Institute conducted small group discussions with white and black women, ages 40 to 75, to explore their attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about mammography. Findings reinforced the results from quantitative surveys indicating that a perceived lack of their own need for the examination, lack of a physician referral, and procrastination were the main reasons that the women reported for not having mammograms. The discussions provided detailed information about the factors that can be used to guide development of messages and materials to promote mammography use. The results indicate that strategies for messages directed to either black or white women ages 40 years and older need to stress the same key message points. The points are that all women ages 40 and older are at risk for breast cancer; breast cancer can be treated successfully if it is detected early enough; mammography can detect breast cancer before a lump can be felt by a woman or her physician; women need to follow screening guidelines for age and frequency for screening; and mammography is a low-risk, quick, and painless procedure. Communication channels to reach women should include television, newspapers, magazines, and information available in physicians' offices.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A new inhalation system for bronchodilatation. Study of the acceptance of the Ingelheim M inhaler in chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases].

The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptance and convenience of a new inhalation system for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Ingelheim M inhalator, an inhalation system with a supply magazine for six powder-filled capsules represents a further development of the Ingelheim inhalator in which only a single capsule can be utilized. The study was designed as an open, randomized, crossover trial involving 60 ambulatory adult patients. Each treatment period lasted two weeks. The medication tested was Berodual Inhaletten. The success of treatment was checked on the basis of peak flow metering each morning prior to and after initial inhalation. The results of the study show a highly significant preference on the part of the patients for the new inhalation system. The advantage most emphasized by the patients was the fact that they were able to carry with them their entire daily dose. Differences in the symptomatology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were not observed with these inhalation systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of AIDS education among elementary school students.

We report the results of a controlled prospective study designed to assess the impact of education on AIDS among elementary school students. 1,825 students from 3 school boards participated; 848 students were assigned to the trial group and 778 to the comparison group. Overall, the results showed a significant increase in students' level of knowledge of AIDS following their classroom lessons on AIDS. The students exposed to AIDS education expressed more accurate and appropriate beliefs about the transmission of AIDS. The students' reports indicated that television and magazines were their main outside sources of information about AIDS. Generally, the students demonstrated a positive attitude toward the AIDS curriculum. We conclude that classroom education on AIDS is effective in imparting knowledge and changing students' beliefs about AIDS. Further periodic assessments of AIDS education programs would be required at a variety of educational levels to determine if this change will lead to alteration in behaviour. Such assessments would help in the development of more comprehensive and cohesive programs in AIDS education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Dentist and scientific dental information in mass media].

Mass media, such as newspapers and magazines and to a lesser degree TV and radio can provide the public with a lot of scientific information about dental diseases. Especially when it concerns research results with news value or controversial issues. Dentists regarded by the public as the most reliable sources of scientific information about dentistry, can get into problems by the publication of such issues in mass media. Particularly when patients ask questions about developments in certain fields of dentistry (for example periodontology or implantology) covered by the mass media. In this article the importance and the value of communication of scientific information are discussed. The relevance for dentistry is illustrated by means of a series of articles on scientific dental subjects published, during fifteen years, in a Dutch national newspaper. Finally the responsibility of dental faculties and professional organisations when they provide research results to the press and other mass media is pointed out.

Dentists↗
PubMed1990

Employees key to hospitals' future survival.

Hospitals that don't invest in their employees may be endangering their own survival, hospital CEOs say. Almost 87 percent of 250 hospital CEOs recently polled by Hospitals magazine say that the declining skill level of workers will adversely affect quality of care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Participation in a smoking cessation program: a population-based perspective.

We examined factors associated with participation in an HMO-based, self-help smoking cessation trial by comparing participants with nonparticipating smokers who responded to a prior health survey. Recruitment to the trial was accomplished through the HMO's monthly magazine sent to all enrollee households, and the health survey involved a random sample of the enrollee population. Participants were more likely to be female, older, better educated, and heavier smokers with more attempts to quit in the past. Participants consistently reported poorer levels of health status (self-perceived health and energy, life satisfaction, depression, and symptoms), less healthy lifestyles (exercise and dietary fat), and a greater conviction that smoking cessation would improve how they feel than nonparticipants. These findings confirm previous suggestions that formal cessation programs attract those with a more extensive history of addiction, prior failure, and pathophysiologic effects and may provide clues to increasing motivation among smokers with a greater likelihood of treatment success.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

'90s technology will cure many health care ills.

U.S. biotechnology will conquer many diseases, including AIDS. This is one of many optimistic predictions made by Austin H. Kiplinger, editor-in-chief of The Kiplinger Washington Letter, and Knight A. Kiplinger, editor-in-chief of Changing Times magazine, in their new book America in the Global '90s.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1990

American conceptions of infant development from 1955 to 1984: what the experts are telling parents.

The efforts of the child development movement to understand development and the factors influencing it have been the basis of 2 interrelated tasks: the scientific study of children, and the dissemination of this knowledge to parents. Content analysis is used to assess the extent to which psychological theories and research about infants have been communicated to parents from 1955 to 1984 in 2 popular publications, the Infant Care manual and Parents magazine. Results indicated that there is not a singular relation between what experts know and what is communicated to parents. Information reflecting scientific advances about the biological components of infant development (perception, cognition, and temperament) have been most accurately communicated to parents, whereas discussions of the mother-infant relationship, child care, feeding, and fathers appeared to be related to the broader cultural context and demographic changes over the past thirty years. This study reveals an interaction between science and culture in our theories of infant development and child rearing.

Child Development↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of AIDS knowledge in selected New York State sexually transmitted disease clinics.

A 1988 survey regarding the level of knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among 505 clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics demonstrated 80% correct responses. However, 13% thought AIDS could be transmitted via sharing utensils, and 51% were unaware that acquiring another STD could increase one's risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In addition, only 10% always used condoms. An average 69% of patients obtained their AIDS information from newspapers, magazines, television, or radio; and 30% acquired information from medical or clinic staffs. In response to this survey, a videotape on AIDS was developed to show to patients of STD clinics while they are waiting to see a physician.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗