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Results for “MENTAL PROCESSES”

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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Analysis of information processing stages using event-related potentials.

The event-related potential (ERP) was recorded to identify the time epochs during which different independent variables have their effects on stages in a memory search task. Stimulus intensity, memory set size and response type were varied. For the most part, the order and timing of effects (evaluated by Principal Components Analysis of within-subjects ERP differences) were consistent with the presumed underlying stages, except for early effects of response type prior to memory set effects (suggesting precategorical target recognition). The usefulness of this type of analysis for the investigation of information processing stages is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Operator's systemic quanta under psychoregulating acts].

The aim of this study is to examine psychoregulatory effects for computer operator's rehabilitation. K. V. Sudakov's systemic quantum behavior conception as a methodological basis for human activity study. The comparison of quantum characteristics, such as motivation, activity result and its physiological cost up prior to and after psychoregulation for different groups of human biotypology has shown that the systemic quantum of the operator's activity is the reliable indicator of a functional condition. It has indicated that this way for rehabilitation is more effective for human beings who have predominantly parasympathicotonia and rather high initial motivation levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Priming reduces input activity in right posterior cortex during stem completion.

A recent positron emission tomography (PET) study showed reduced blood flow in the right posterior cortex for primed words during a stem completion task, suggesting reduction in processing demand in this area for primed tasks. The time course of this attenuation was studied using event-related potentials (ERPs) in 40 normal subjects. As compared to the unprimed stems, primed stems elicited significantly less positive ERP in the right posterior channels between 60 and 200 ms after presentation of the stem. The results, while confirming the PET findings, implicate involvement of right posterior cortex in bottom-up processing of primed stimuli. In addition to right posterior channels, the primed stems also had attenuated positivity in the right frontal channels after 250 ms of stem presentation, indicating reduced requirement for explicit recall process.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB) test of information-processing speed: a study of its reliability and feasibility in patients with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how useful the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery Task A (AMIPB) is as a test of the speed of information processing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing various methods of presenting the test and assessing the reliability (test-retest and inter-rater) and utility of each version. DESIGN: Each patient was assessed twice verbally by the same assessor 1-2 weeks apart. Then 1-2 weeks later half were assessed by another observer, and half were assessed by the first observer using a written method. SETTING: A specialist young disabled unit. SUBJECTS: Thirty-three patients with MS. MEASURES: The AMIPB, the Short Memory-Orientation-Concentration Test (SOMC) and the Barthel ADL Index. RESULTS: The average (SD) number of correct responses after 4 min was 23.3 (18.6), median 21. The test-retest reliability (n = 24) of the 4-min AMIPB was high (r = 0.98) and the difference of the score ranged from -7 to 9: median 3, mean (SD) 1.88 (4.01) and interquartile range 0 to 3.25. The inter-observer reliability (n = 12) of the 4-min AMIPB was also high (r = 0.97) and the mean (SD) differences between scores were 4.3 (5.8), median 4, range +19 to -2. The score at 60 seconds and the score at 240 seconds were highly correlated (r = 0.98). The scores obtained verbally and by writing were closely correlated (r = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The AMIPB used over 120 seconds with verbal responses is a reliable and reasonable test for major information-processing deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

fMRI evidence of word frequency and strength effects in recognition memory.

We used event-related fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of encoding strength and word frequency effects in recognition memory. At test, participants made Old/New decisions to intermixed low (LF) and high frequency (HF) words that had been presented once or twice at study and to new, unstudied words. The Old/New effect for all hits vs. correctly rejected unstudied words was associated with differential activity in multiple cortical regions, including the anterior medial temporal lobe (MTL), hippocampus, left lateral parietal cortex and anterior left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC). Items repeated at study had superior hit rates (HR) compared to items presented once and were associated with reduced activity in the right anterior MTL. By contrast, other regions that had shown conventional Old/New effects did not demonstrate modulation according to memory strength. A mirror effect for word frequency was demonstrated, with the LF word HR advantage associated with increased activity in the left lateral temporal cortex. However, none of the regions that had demonstrated Old/New item retrieval effects showed modulation according to word frequency. These findings are interpreted as supporting single-process memory models proposing a unitary strength-like memory signal and models attributing the LF word HR advantage to the greater lexico-semantic context-noise associated with HF words due to their being experienced in many pre-experimental contexts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prefrontal cortex activity associated with source monitoring in a working memory task.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during remembering specific source information (format, location judgments) versus remembering that could be based on undifferentiated information, such as familiarity (old/new recognition [ON], recency judgments). A working memory (WM) paradigm with an immediate test yielded greater activation in the lateral PFC for format and location source memory (SM) tasks than ON recognition; this SM-related activity was left lateralized. The same regions of PFC were recruited in Experiment 2 when information was tested immediately and after a filled delay. Substituting recency for location judgments (Experiment 3) resulted in an overall shift in task context that produced greater right PFC activity associated with ON and recency tasks compared to the format task, in addition to left SM-related activity. These data extend to WM previous findings from long-term memory (LTM) indicating that the left and right PFC may be differentially involved in memory attributions depending on the specificity of information evaluated. The findings also provide evidence for the continuity of evaluative processes recruited in WM and LTM.

Adult↗