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PubMed1975

Dominance and reproduction in Baboons (Papio cynocephalus).

This monograph reports on a 14 month study of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Masai-Amboseli Game Reserve, Kenya. The study was an attempt to determine the relationship between agonistic dominance and reproductive success in male baboons and centered around testing a priority-of-access model of mating behavior. Explicit criteria for determining dominance in baboons are presented and the consistency of dominance relationships through time is analyzed for all classes of individuals. Related data on reproductive cycle length, perineal and behavioral indications of the optimal day for mating, changes in female behavior during estrus, and effects of the presence of estrous females on group organization are also included. This work constitutes the first comprehensive field study of baboon mating systems and social organization and emphasizes the use of systematic behavior sampling techniques in the field and quantitative models in the study of primate social behavior.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

[Imprinting of domestic animals on man].

Male farm animals (kids, lambs and piglets) were kept isolated from conspecifics for their first 10 days of life. Until reaching sexual maturity they lived like pets in close contact with human beings; later some of them were removed to farms. Here they could interact with animals of other species, but not with conspecifics. Their first contact with conspecifics took place after they were sexually mature. In simultaneous choice experiments, offering a conspecific and a human being as passive participants, the animals were tested for any imprinted preference for human beings. Criteria were sexual advances and copulation attempts, as these indicate a strong social attachment. Two conditions proved necessary for imprinting on another species: 1. long-term isolation from conspecifics, and 2. close contact with another species during this time. Under these circumstances the term "sensitive period" may not be appropriate. Contrary to imprinting in birds isolation during the first days of life is not necessary for imprinting on another species to take place.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic psychogenic urinary retention].

Complete and persistent urinary retention of psychogenic origin, a syndrome standing between conversion reactions and the group of psychophysiological visceral disorders, remained an object of contradictory dispute in regard to its frequency and pathogenesis. Curiously enough, compared with other functional symptomatology, somehow this disturbance has been neglected in literature until now. Urologists, surgeons, and internists have more difficulties than psychiatrists to find out that distinct emotional conflicts and especially unsatisfactory sexual adjustment might have contributed to the development of recurrent or chronic urinary retention which they vainly tried to explain by organic findings. Of course the fact that extensive medical evaluations or even surgical procedures revealed no abnormality except the stout urinary bladder never is suifficient to qualify for "hysterical disease". Every diagnosis has to be established on positive grounds. Hypothetic explanations of mysterious syndromes by supposing more "microscopic" and thus undetected morphological deficiencies and changes as the crucial cause of a disease never should become the protective trick by which a physician avoids confrontation with his patients' psychological problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Desire and self-worth].

Correlation between the experience of pleasure and selfesteem of neurotic patients is examined, based on practical knowledge in the therapeutic area. The embittering of essential parts of later self- and identityfeeling by cultural discrimination of primary pleasure of oneself during the early childhood is shown by a clinical case. Primary selffeeling is degraded into guilt and fear and cannot be replaced by secundary satisfactions. Finally the ambiguous aspects of pleasure in psychoanalytic theory are deomonstated which recently have found a more obvious contour in the polarisation between narcissism and object relation. - The question about the essence of pleasure is left open.

Dreams↗
PubMed1975

[Sexual impotence: clinical and existential context].

A simple classification in global impotence and erective impotence appears closer to reality than more sophisticated but more arbitrary classification. In the majority of cases, impotence reflects a global psychological dysfunction. Psychogenic impotents are most of the time inferiorized subjects alledging organic or other non justified factors to their disorder. Generally, they are peaceful, obsessive, often hypothymic; they express disgust for the body, suffer various somatic dysfunctions due to the sexual stasis; they have difficulties in communicating with things and beings. As compared to erective impotents, it seems that the global impotents have a more rigid father, are among the younger sibblings and have more brothers and sisters. The author describes further some observations of partners and of couples, as well as etiological and prognostic factors.

Aggression↗
PubMed2002

[Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS among junior professional players].

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Aids cases are steadily increasing among young people and there are few studies describing young male vulnerability to HIV. A study was carried out aiming at developing a STD/AIDS prevention program for junior professional soccer players. METHODS: Study participants were twenty-five junior soccer players of a major league professional team of the city of Campinas, Brazil. There were 2 segments. In segment 1, participants were given a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, specific gender-related behaviors, condom use, HIV/AIDS knowledge and prevention, and sports associated exposure risk. In segment 2, 17 sessions of group dynamics were carried out. Many forms of expression (speech, writing, pictures, and videos) were encouraged to grasp participants' thoughts on STD/AIDS-related matters. RESULTS: Participants showed good knowledge on HIV transmission but they were poorly informed on reproduction and STDs. Unwanted pregnancy is their main concern. As for condom use, 73% consistently used condoms with casual partners (73%), and only 27% consistently used them with regular partners. Also, 58% considered risky to have HIV-positive players among them. CONCLUSIONS: Young players do not consider themselves vulnerable despite their chances of HIV infection and unwanted pregnancy. They have poor knowledge about the human body and reproductive health. Soccer milieu as well as other sports milieus create great opportunities for prevention programs, where they may have a multiplier effect since athletes are often regarded as role models for children and youngsters.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1975

[Knowledge and opinions on sexuality among young French-speaking Belgians].

We shall limit ourselves to the main topics, leaving the appreciation of the questionnaire to the reader. To evaluate knowledge and opinions on sexuality in young french speaking belgian people, we have questioned : 1210 students at the University of Louvain, 773 in A1 official teaching, 819 in superior free non university teaching and 778 young people being recruted by the belgian army. The following conclusions are global. The mean vocabulary score (rated on 18) in these four samples is 13.22, 14.06, 13.57 and 6.40. This score is in students more than double than the score in young recruted people (and this phenomenon remains even if one includes only boys in higher education). The mean score (13.81) for whole students in higher education type A1 is significantly superior to the one from the University of Louvain. The score observed in official technical teaching A1 is also greater in comparison to free A1. It is also true for free A1 in comparison to the University of Louvain. The words relating to contraception are particularly misknown in the four samples. Regarding the mean score (on 38) on sexual knowledge not related to vocabulary, it is 22.61 at the University of Louvain, 22.53 in free A1 education, 23.72 in official A1 education and 18.535 in young recruted army people. The difference in mean score between official higher education and the University of Louvain is significant ; it is also significant between University of Louvain students and whole students from A1 education (mean : 23.11). There is no significant difference between the score for the University of Louvain and the one for higher free non university education. The mean score in the army, inferior to 50 %, is rather lower than the scores for the other samples, even if limited to boys. Again, questions on contraception are generally misknown. The total score (in %) is 63.98 at the University of Louvain, 64.46 in A1 free education, 67,46 in A1 official education and 44.53 in young army recruted individus. The score is about 20 % lower at the center for recruting and selecting in comparison to the other samples, even if one takes boys only. The difference between the score in A1 official education and A1 free is significant. It is also between total score (65.92) in whole students from A1 technical education and the one at the University of Louvain. It is not significant for the scores in A1 free education versus the University of Louvain. All scores in A1 official education are superior to the one for confessionnal education, even university ; the interpretation of this phenomenon is probably comparable to the influence of the variable "religion". Regarding opinions, we will only indicate that for factors expressing love (tenderness sexuality and mutual esteem) and the possible means of sexual contacts (physical pleasure, a way of expressing love and procreation) : 1...

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Accidents related with atypical sexual behavior].

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of autoerotism, in particular, to sexual asphyxia. Published research data and independent observations were used to describe lethal and non-lethal incidents of forensic-and-medical importance.

Asphyxia↗