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PubMedDate not supplied

[Familial adenomatous polyposis. Problems encountered with rectum preservation in surgical treatment and life expectancy].

Familial adenomatous polyposis is a genetically inherited disease with very high risk of colorectal cancer and with a large expression of multiple extracolonic malignancies. In recent years two surgical options are available for the treatment of FAP: total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal reservoir. The preservation of the rectum offers good quality of life and good functional results, but needs an accurate surveillance of the rectal stump and screening for the development of cancer. Restorative proctocolectomy is reserved for patients with large or confluent polyps of the rectum, for older patients and for those who had already had an ileorectal anastomosis and who develops subsequently large adenomas at increased risk for rectal cancer. Prophylactic procedures of surveillance, screening and surgery have reduced in patients at risk the incidence of colorectal cancer. But recently an increased number of malignant extracolonic tumors (gastric cancer, duodenal and periampullary cancer, small intestinal cancer, adrenal and thyroid cancer) and abdominal desmoid tumors, that causes a significant mortality, has been documented. The knowledge of the extracolonic features of FAP suggests a careful follow-up of the patients and the prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancers and desmoid disease.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2002

[Life expectancy and aging, scientific and medical aspects].

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF AGING: According to species demonstrate the role of certain synchronizers, such as calory restrictions, genetic modifications and environmental and living conditions. FUNCTIONAL OR PROTEIN GENOMICS: Are aimed at listing the human proteins and their localization. Study of the variations in proteome according to age has also been envisaged. Research on chronic (cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative or metabolic) diseases with multifactor causes (related both to environmental conditions and genetic sensitivity) must be accelerated. CELL SENESCENCE: Is expressed by the blocking of the mitosis signal, with modification in gene expression, and alteration in phenotype; it could be an anti-cancer mechanism, like apoptosis. THERE IS AN OBVIOUS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND CANCER: However the latter is not a consequence of aging, even if the absence of telomerase (enzyme maintaining DNA length) is observed in both cases. TO PERMIT HARMONIOUS AND GOOD QUALITY AGING: It is essential to intensify the screening and prevention of deficiencies and pathological phenomena in elderly subjects, notably cerebral aging and dementia, cardiovascular aging, osteo-articular diseases....

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The unfortunate influence of the weather on the rate of ageing: why human caloric restriction or its emulation may only extend life expectancy by 2-3 years.

Much research interest, and recently even commercial interest, has been predicated on the assumption that reasonably closely-related species--humans and mice, for example--should, in principle, respond to ageing-retarding interventions with an increase in maximum lifespan roughly proportional to their control lifespan (that without the intervention). Here, it is argued that the best-studied life-extending manipulations of mice are examples of a category that is highly unlikely to follow this rule, and more likely to exhibit only a similar absolute increase in maximum lifespan from one species to the next, independent of the species' control lifespan. That category--reduction in dietary calories or in the organism's ability to metabolize or sense them--is widely recognized to extend lifespan as an evolutionary adaptation to transient starvation in the wild, a situation which alters the organism's optimal partitioning of resources between maintenance and reproduction. What has been generally overlooked is that the extent of the evolutionary pressure to maintain adaptability to a given duration of starvation varies with the frequency of that duration, something which is--certainly for terrestrial animals and less directly for others--determined principally by the weather. The pattern of starvation that the weather imposes is suggested here to be of a sort that will tend to cause all terrestrial animals, even those as far apart phylogenetically as nematodes and mice, to possess the ability to live a similar maximum absolute (rather than proportional) amount longer when food is short than when it is plentiful. This generalization is strikingly in line with available data, leading (given the increasing implausibility of further extending human mean but not maximum lifespan in the industrialized world) to the biomedically and commercially sobering conclusion that interventions which manipulate caloric intake or its sensing are unlikely ever to confer more than 2 or 3 years' increase in human mean or maximum lifespan at the most.

Aging↗