EDUCATION OF THE BLIND IN A DEVELOPING NATION: THE PHILIPPINE PROGRAM.
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In 1974 a questionnaire was mailed to the nation's local health officers. Responses were received from 1,345, at least 68 per cent of all local health departments. The present paper presents selected summary data from respondents concerning the health departments, their jurisdictions, organization, finance, functions, staffing, and about the training, salaries, and other characteristics of local health officers. Health departments are extensively involved in rendering health services, including direct personal services (25 per cent of all departments). For many services the health department is the sole provider of essential services in the area of jurisdiction. These services include ambulatory care (8 per cent), maternal and child health (48.5 per cent), home care (44.8 per cent), and family planning (38 per cent). The major constraints to improvement and expansion of programs are perceived as limited financial support, insufficient staff, and inadequate facilities.
This paper reviews the scope of current guidelines in motor neurone disease (MND)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and examines issues which have arisen in the preparation of these documents. The review concludes with an evaluation of the impact of the guidelines which have been produced to date and looks towards potential future developments in this area.
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A bill liberalizing abortion in Thailand has been passed by the House of Representatives in an effort to crack down on backstreet quacks, who are said to be endangering the lives of some 10,000 women a year. The measure widens conditions for legal abortion, currently authorized only if the woman's life is in jeopardy or if she is pregnant as a result of rape. Under the bill, abortions will be permitted if the woman's physical or mental health is endangered, if there is reason to believe that the child will be born deformed, or if contraceptive measures prescribed by doctors fail to take effect.
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In June 1988, the right to daily allowances in San Marino in respect of temporary incapacity for work caused by pregnancy or childbirth was extended to women employed in agriculture and employees of the public administration.
This Ordinance of the German Democratic Republic is designed to help persons obtain support owed to them. It establishes a duty of providing information on significant changes with respect to one's achievements or needs for both the person providing support and the person receiving it. Places of employment are required to work towards having their employees provide the necessary information. The Ordinance also establishes a new procedure by which a person can obtain free help from the secretary of the local court in acquiring information, rather than bring a law suit, and sets forth rules on how children can obtain from the State support that has not been paid to them by persons required to provide it.
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In 1988, the Chinese State Council issued a Circular calling for a nationwide campaign to do away with illiteracy within five years. The goal of the campaign is to ensure that over 85% of the population in rural areas and over 90% of the population in enterprises, institutions, and cities between the ages of 15 and 40 is literate. The campaign calls for governments at all levels to take measures against illiteracy and requires peasants to learn at least 1500 characters and industrial workers and urban residents to learn 2000 characters. Certificates are to be issued to persons who meet the standards.
This Law provides that the preservation and protection of forests constitute a issue of national interest to Romania and that the defense and improvement of the ecological equilibrium of the environment by preserving and protecting forests constitute a basic duty of state bodies, cooperatives, and all citizens. Among the methods of preserving the forests are the following: 1) the limitation of woodcutting; 2) the use of wood harvesting and collection techniques that do not affect the ecological equilibrium; 3) afforestation; and 4) the prevention of damage to forests and forest soil. The Law contains detailed chapters on the preservation and development of forests and the promotion of certain tree varieties and on the regeneration of forests. The Law also sets forth penalties for infractions.