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PubMed1977

[Prevalence of ornithosis in the Lithuanian SSR].

As a result of immunological examination of 658 domestic ducks of 6 poultry farms and 269 doves caught in Vilnius, antiornithosis antibodies were revealed in 3.1 +/- 0.7% of ducks and in 36.4 +/- 2.9% of doves. They were also found in 20 of 34 wild waterfowl. The causative agent of ornithosis was isolated in virological examination of the organs of a coot. Ornithosis nature of an epizootic outbreak among ducks of a poultry farm was proved by virological examination. The population was examined immunologically (2285 persons) and by intradermal test with the ornithosis antigen (80 persons). Positive specific reactions were revealed in 32.6% of persons engaged in poultry tending, and in 7.6% of other rural population. A case of ornithosis in man engaged in fowling (of doves) for their examination is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Early and delayed skin reactivity to solubilized antigens of herpesvirus hominis 1 in psychiatric patients and guinea pigs.

Intradermal tests with a mixture of Herpesvirus hominis 1 (HVH 1) antigens containing quantitated neutralization antigen were done in 39 schizophrenics (SCH), 42 senile demented (DS) persons, 28 alcoholics, neurotics and psychopaths (ANP) and 33 control persons. Local induration, erythema and fading was evaluated according to diameter and intensity after 15 to 30 min for anaphylactic type I reaction, after 5 hr for Arthus type III reaction and after 24 and 48 hr for delayed hypersensitivity (type IV). The diagnosed clinical forms influenced the incidence of positive reactions I, III or IV at the level alpha = 0.01. The incidence of positivity in all reactions (I, III plus IV) was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group. Type I and III reactions were most intensive in ANP and SCH, respectively. Type IV reaction was most pronounced in SCH, including the highest incidence of purple lesions, eventually with a lightly cyanotic target. In the DS group, type IV reaction surpassed the control the least of all patients' groups. Unfavourable side effects of the skin tests were not observed. The importance of repeated contact with HVH 1 for a marked type IV reaction ws confirmed in experimentally infected guinea pigs, which also served for safety tests and selection of antigen preparations.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

[Enterotoxic activity of the pseudotuberculosis microbe].

For the first time the activity of Y. pseudotuberculosis, its extracellular, surface antigen and Westphal's lipolysaccharide has been studied with the use of biological models (the ligated loop of the small intestine of a rabbit, the pulmonary model, the intradermal tests). This microorganism has been found capable of inducing the accumulation of exudate in the ligated loop of the small intestine of a rabbit and interfering with the permeability of the vascular walls. The toxic action of Y. pseudotuberculosis is neutralized by immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of two tuberculins in nonsensitized macaques.

Two tuberculins (mammalian and Old Tuberculin) were compared in three species of macaques after one of the tuberculins elicited nonspecific reactions up to 72 hours after intradermal inoculation in nontuberculous monkeys. A significant difference in initial intradermal eyelid reactivity between the tuberculins was found in some subjects. The heterogeneity of tuberculins and the necessity of accurate interpretation of intradermal testing are important components in addressing tuberculosis screening in nonhuman primate colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Classical form of Kaposi sarcoma: immunology and interferon therapy].

T-lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in three patients with classical Kaposi's sarcoma. A reduction of pan-T-lymphocytes, including both a reduction of T-helper and T-suppressor cells, was found in one patient. None of the patients showed a reduction of the T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio, as described in the lymphadenopathic disseminated type of Kaposi's sarcoma. Intradermal testing with tuberculin and trichophytin gave no indication of humoral immunodeficiency or anergy. In addition to electron beam irradiation, one female patient was treated with rIFN-alpha-interferon, 6 X 10(6) IU 3 times a week over a period of 3 months, and 18 X 10(6) IU 3 times weekly over 1 month. Under this therapy, irradiated as well as nonirradiated lesions become flatter, reduced in size and faded. The number of T-suppressor cells diminished.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the organized control of paratuberculosis in the province of Friesland].

The results of organized control of Johne's disease in the Province of Friesland are evaluated in the present retrospective study. The relationship between the methods of diagnosis adopted and the post-mortem findings is examined. In addition, the results of this control on a number of farms taking part were studied with reference to the number of animals taken over by the Animal Health Service. Organized paratuberculosis control in the Province of Friesland was not successful in reducing the number of cases of Johne's disease. Both the number of participating farms and the number of animals taken over increased. The numerical yield of control was low. Control failed because of the fact that the diagnostic procedures adopted (complement fixation test and intradermal johnin test) are inadequate. Other methods should therefore be considered. Vaccination against Johne's disease would appear to offer good prospects and is cheaper.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serological survey. I. Immunity status of some Burmese nationals to diphtheria.

The sera of 1,068 healthy Burmese adults of both sexes, having no history of active immunization against diphtheria or of classical clinical diphtheria, were titrated for antitoxin levels in order to determine their immunity status towards diphtheria. The rabbit intradermal test (Jensen, 1933) at the Lr/1000 level was used. Only 25 (2.3%) had antitoxin titres of less than 0.01 mu/ml and were classified as non-immune while the remaining 1043 (97.7%) possessed titres of 0.01 mu/ml or more and were therefore immune. The percentage of non-immune females, 6.9% (13 out of 188) was significantly different (p > 0.01) from non-immune males, being 1.4% (12 out of 880). No significant differences were found between the age groups regarding immunity status either in males or in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mycobacterium gordonae infection of the hand.

A 70-year-old woman was seen for two chronic nodules on the dorsum of her left hand. They had a uniquely mamillated surface, but histopathologically showed nonspecific granulomatous changes with no organisms seen. Laboratory studies disclosed the lesions were due to Mycobacterium gordonae, an organism commonly ignored as a pathogen. The histopathologic changes were reproduced by intradermal testing with tuberculin. The lesions, unaffected by ketoconazole, as well as by a variety of antibiotics, including minocycline hydrochloride, slowly involuted during a one-year period. To our knowledge, this patient is the first documented case of cutaneous infection from this organism. Mycobacterium gordonae must be added to the list of true mycobacterial pathogens.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Paragonimiasis in the Philippines: current status.

Paragonimiasis in the Philippines was first reported in 1907. The first attempt to study its life cycle was made in 1941 when metacercariae of Paragonimus were found in fresh-water mountain crabs. At present the causative agent of human paragonimiasis in this country is Paragonimus westermani, although the new name, Paragonimus philippinensis, has been proposed instead. The second species of Paragonimus, Paragonimus siamensis, was reported in cats in 1973. The prevalence of disease in two endemic areas ranges from 0.5 to 12%. Transmission to man is attributed to the preparation of local delicacies using raw crab juice, eating of undercooked roasted crabs by children and eating of raw crabs by adult males with local alcoholic drinks. Microscopic examination of sedimented sputum collected over 24 h and dissolved in 3% sodium hydroxide appears to be the best diagnostic technique when performed twice. Intradermal testing followed by sputum examination is recommended in paragonimiasis surveys. Bithionol and probably praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) are drugs of choice for treatment. The first intermediate hosts are Antemelania asperata and Antemelania dactylus, formerly Brotia asperata, with an infection rate of less than 1%, while the second intermediate crustacean host is Sundathelphusa philippina, formerly Parathelphusa grapsoides, with an infection rate ranging from 50 to 100%. So far, the natural animal reservoir hosts are cats, dogs and field rats.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Fleabite allergic dermatitis: a review and survey of 330 cases.

Clinical signs of acute fleabite allergic dermatitis (FAD) in dogs included intense pruritus and erythema. Dogs with chronic FAD had diminished pruritus. The primary lesion of FAD was a papule. Secondary lesions (hyperkeratosis and hyerpigmentation) were common. Diagnosis of FAD was based on history of flea infestation and on type and location of lesions. Intradermal testing with glycerinated flea antigen was of little diagnostic value. Treatment of FAD included (1) breaking the flea life cycle in the indoor and kennel environment by vacuuming and washing bedding as well as by the use of aerosol insecticides for fumigation, (2) minimizing flea infestation on the dogs by using insecticidal dips, baths, and flea collars, and (3) hyposensitization with flea antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Approximative molecular weight of the active component in toxoplasmin.

The approximative molecular weight of toxoplasmin -- a skin reactive extract from Toxoplasma gondii -- was estimated by ultrafiltration through different Amicon membranes. The activity of the filtered and unfiltered product was compared with the aid of intradermal test on humans. The results indicate that the molecular weight of an active component in toxoplasmin is in the range from 10 000 to 50 000.

Antigens↗
PubMed1977

An in vivo study of cell-mediated immunity in human warts. Preliminary results.

Purified human papilloma virus (HPV) was used to study cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in patients with warts and in controls by means of the intradermal test (IDT). IDT was positive in 75% of patients with past history of warts, in 56% of patients presenting with warts, but in only 7% of controls. Immunofluorescent antibody levels were initially low and increased after injection of HPV antigen in all groups.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Potential health hazards of the water resources development: a health survey in the Phitsanulok Irrigation Project, Nan River Basin, Northern Thailand.

A health survey was carried out among residents of 33 villages under the Phitsanulok Irrigation Project Area, Nan River Basin, Northern Thailand, whereby general health conditions were examined including intradermal tests for schistosomiasis japonica, stools for intestinal parasites and sera tested by circumoval precipitin test for antibodies to S. japonicum and by agglutination test for leptospiral infection. Health investigations revealed that 913 (60.9%) of 1,499 people examined had experienced gastro-intestinal disorders, 254 (17%) had poor oral hygiene and a few had mild anemia. 799 (62%) of 1,298 examined had intestinal parasites. Hookworm (45%) was most common, followed by Opisthorchis viverrini (20%), Entamoeba coli (10%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6%), intestinal flukes (2%), Enterobius vermicularis (1%) and Giardia lamblia (1%). 149 (10%) of 1,422 people gave positive skin reaction to crude S. japonicum antigen. Circumoval precipitin test was strongly positive in 7 (1.6%) persons out of 449 tested for schistosome infection and 6 (4.0%) out of 1,358 people were positive for leptospiral infection. The significant endemic diseases as potential health problems in this water resources development are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Chronic urticaria from tantalum staples.

We report herein the onset of chronic urticaria ten months after surgical implantation of tantalum staples. Intradermal testing with tantalum an urticarial response. The urticaria did not improve by treatment with antihistamines, but responded dramatically to disulfiram chelation therapy and resolved completely after surgical removal of the tantalum staples. We suspected a type 1 anaphylactic hypersensitivity to tantalum was present, but we have also considered that tantalum might have direct histamine releasing-like activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the immune state in patients with a history of subacute bacterial endocarditis and in their direct relatives. Pathogenic implications.

Immunologic investigations were performed in 18 patients at a mean interval of 1.8 years after cure of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) and in 17 of their direct relatives. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 52 healthy subjects. Assay of serum immunoglobulins revealed deviations from the normal (mean +/- 2 SD) in 65% of the post-SBE patients and in 77% of their relatives. Tests for the presence of nuclear, smooth muscle, mitochondrial, cytoplasmatic, albumin and interstitial antibodies showed the presence of such autoantibodies, either single or associated, in 55% of the post-SBE patients and in 58% of their relatives. The serum complement titer was low in 54% of the former SBE patients and in 66% of their relatives. A series of antimicrobial skin tests or intradermal reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene showed hypergy or anergy in 54% o the post-SBE patients investigated. These results, alongside with the data in the literature, support the hypothesis of the preexistence of the immune deficit (probably inherited) in the cardiac patients who develop SBE.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bovine paratuberculosis III. An evaluation of a whole blood lymphocyte transformation test.

A whole blood lymphocyte transformation test was used to examine cattle with varying degrees of infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Minimally infected animals characteristically responded to johnin purified protein derivative in the lymphocyte transformation test but did not routinely react on serological and/or skin testing. Heavily infected animals showed considerable variation in their lymphocyte transformation responses to antigen and some of them were consistently unresponsive. Antigen induced lymphocyte transformation reactions were recorded in 7.6 to 41.5% of uninfected animals whose infection status was determined by bacteriology and/or histopathology. The number of positive reactions recorded in uninfected animals depended on the population, the larger percentage being found in a herd with a proven history of paratuberculosis. The potential of lymphocyte transformation as a diagnostic test for bovine paratuberculosis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The asthmatic airway response to inhaled antigen.

The airway response to inhaled antigen was measured in asthmatic patients at 5, 10 ad 20 minutes following bronchial challenges. The over-all frequency of positive responses in the 26 individual challenges was 27%. There were no significant differences between the 5-, 10- or 20-minute responses. Patients with positive responses to bronchial challenge manifested high grade skin reactivity by intradermal tests. Positive responses to bronchial challenge occurred only at 1 X 10(-3) weight/volume (w/v) concentration of inhaled antigen. Although the degree of methacholine reactivity was related to positive antigen challenge, two subjects with a positive challenge had minimal methacholine reactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of whole blood histamine release test simultaneously testing multiple allergens--correlated with bronchial provocation test].

We compared the efficacy of the novel histamine release test (HRT), which allows the determination of many allergens at the same time using a small amount of whole blood, with other conventional allergen diagnostic tests. HRT and RAST were both performed along with bronchial provocation tests (BPT) on 44 bronchial asthma patients in whom the etiologic allergen could not be determined by either intracutaneous tests (ICT) or ophthalmic response tests (ORT). The HRT uses a microtiterplate on which glass fibers have 10 kinds of allergens affixed. The histamine release ability at 6 different concentrations of each kind of allergen was examined. The concordance of HRT with respect to BPT was the highest at 82% in comparison with RAST at 66%, ICT at 55% and ORT at 60%. With each of the allergens, HRT had the highest concordance with BPT. On the other hand, RAST, ICT and ORT showed different results depending on the allergens. The positive predictive value of HRT was the highest at 76% compared with RAST at 59%, ICT at 51% and ORT at 64%. From these results, we concluded that HRT is a more useful diagnostic method for the confirmation of a clinical allergy than other conventional diagnostic methods.

Adolescent↗