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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Permethrin as a tent treatment for protection against field populations of Aedes mosquitoes.

A tent treated with an oil-based 1% permethrin formulation (0.936 g AI/m2) was evaluated for protection against Aedes spp. Mosquito biting assessment was conducted in the field using 8 human subjects positioned inside and outside tents. Subjects inside tents received 66.8% fewer bites than subjects outside tents prior to treatment. Following treatment, subjects inside the treated tent had significant (P < or = 0.05) protection (84-94% bite reduction) for 42 days. Subjects outside the treated tent experienced 43-82% fewer biting mosquitoes than subjects outside the untreated tent. The treated tent remained lethal > or = 42 days to mosquitoes exposed to the tent fabric in field bioassays.

Aedes↗
PubMed1995

Knowledge of mosquitos in relation to public and domestic control activities in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Tanga.

A study of community awareness of mosquitos and related subjects in the residential areas of two Tanzanian cities (Dar es Salaam and Tanga) showed that residents were well aware of mosquitos. Almost all claimed to use some form of domestic mosquito control product for their personal protection, and many spend a significant portion of the household income on this. The problems of nuisance-biting and malaria transmission are usually not separated and are considered to be the result of poor environmental hygiene, for which both residents and local authorities are responsible. Although Culex mosquitos are not a primary target of the Urban Malaria Control Project (UMCP), the persistence of nuisance-biting has made residents sceptical and dissatisfied with insecticide spraying. The residents' priorities are evidently not the same as those of the health authorities, yet mutual cooperation is essential. In order to maintain community support, campaigns aimed at malaria vectors should consider the need for additional measures to control Culex mosquitos, such as those now being tried by the UMCP. Mosquito breeding sites are non-specifically associated with rubbish and standing water of all kinds, and so the actions that the community considers necessary for mosquito source reduction tend to be poorly targeted. Residents do not recognize that some sources produce malaria mosquitos while others produce nuisance mosquitos. The environmental anti-mosquito measures currently promoted by health education and other forms of propaganda are also poorly targeted. While some of them are directed at important Culex breeding sites, others are aimed at sites of little importance for mosquitos of any kind.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insecticidal gels--a promising form for using pyrethroids].

Insecticidal gels containing the following agents as active ingredients: permethrin (0.4%), cipermethrin (0.1%), fenvalerate (0.5%), alpha-methrin (0.2%) were designed and studied under laboratory and field conditions. When applied to various surface types, the designed formulations of the gels caused 100% death of cockroaches, domestic flies, bed-bugs and fleas. The application rate is 2.5-10.0 g/m2 depending on the species of insects. The residual insecticidal action of gels on the surfaces is as long as 3 months. The designed formulations are approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia for their manufacture and application.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Recent advances in vector control in filariasis.

Three factors are involved when vector control is incorporated into an integrated control program for filariasis: (1) the vector species or species complex of each filarial worm; (2) type of control measures employed; (3) pesticide application. Recent advances in vector control in filariasis include the use of bed nets, environmental manipulation, insecticides and biological control. Three promising advances in vectrol control are the use of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 and B. sphaericus, juvenile hormone mimics or insect growth regulator (IGR) and predatory crustaceans.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Poisoning with amitraz, an agricultural anti-ectoparasitic agent].

A mentally handicapped male aged 22 years ingested 25-100 ml of the agricultural anti-ectoparasite product amitraz (Taktic) (at most 12.5 g amitraz), and went into coma approx. one hour later (Glasgow coma score: 3). Gastric lavage was performed and activated charcoal and sodium sulphate deposited in the stomach. Product information could be obtained from the manufacturers in the United Kingdom with some trouble, 1.5 hours after admission. It was striking how little information is available concerning the toxicity of agricultural products. Patient had recovered the next day; he was discharged three days after admission. Blood assay 1.5 hours after ingestion revealed a concentration of amitraz plus metabolites of 3.7 micrograms/ml; when the patient came out of coma it was < 0.67 microgram/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the efficacy of 3% citronella candles and 5% citronella incense for protection against field populations of Aedes mosquitoes.

We assessed the efficacy of 3% citronella candles and 5% citronella incense in protecting subjects from bites of Aedes spp. under field conditions. The study was conducted in a deciduous woodlot in Guelph, Ontario, Canada from July 26 to August 10, 1995. Eight subjects, dressed identically, were assigned to one of 8 positions on a grid within the study area. Two citronella candles, 2 citronella incense, 2 plain unscented candles, or no candles (i.e., nontreated controls) were assigned to 2 positions on the grid each evening. Subjects conducted 5-min biting counts at each position and performed 16 biting counts per evening. On average, subjects received 6.2 +/- 0.4, 8.2 +/- 0.5, 8.2 +/- 0.4, and 10.8 +/- 0.5 bites/ 5 min at positions with citronella candles, citronella incense, plain candles, and no candles, respectively. Although significantly fewer bites were received by subjects at positions with citronella candles and incense than at nontreated locations, the overall reduction in bites provided by the citronella candles and incense was only 42.3 and 24.2%, respectively.

Aedes↗
PubMed1996

Bugs and bites.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Insect matters.

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Animals↗
PubMed2002

Field evaluation of repellent formulations against daytime and nighttime biting mosquitoes in a tropical rainforest in northern Australia.

Field trials to compare repellent formulations containing either picaridin or deet against rainforest mosquitoes in northern Queensland, Australia, were conducted. Three repellents were compared at night: 9.3% picaridin and 19.2% picaridin (Autan Repel and Autan Repel Army 20, respectively, Bayer, Sydney, Australia) and 35% deet in a gel (Australian Defense Force [ADF]). During the day, the following three repellents were compared: 19.2% picaridin, 20% deet in a controlled release formulation (Sawyer Controlled Release Deet), and 33% deet in a polymer formulation (U.S. Army Extended Duration Topical Insect and Arthropod Repellent [EDTIAR]). The predominant mosquito species collected was Verrallina lineata (Taylor), with smaller numbers of Ochlerotatus kochi (Donitz), Anopheles farauti s.s. Laveran, Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Skuse), and Coquilletidia xanthogaster (Edwards). In nighttime tests, 19.2% picaridin provided >94.7% protection for at least 9 h, and ADF deet provided >95% protection for 7 h. The 9.3% picaridin formulation provided >95% protection for only 2 h, and provided 60% protection at 9 h. In daytime tests, Sawyer 20% deet provided >95% protection for 6 h, and both 19.2% picaridin and U.S. Army EDTIAR provided >95% protection for 8 h. In both nighttime and daytime tests 19.2% picaridin provided similar or better protection than deet formulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Decrease in the milk yield in cows casued by dipterous blood-sucking insects and the protection of heifers with Oxamate, a repellent, in the area of Leningrad].

Blood-sucking dipterous insects, milk yield losses caused by these insects to cows in the pasture and the possibilities of cattle protection against these insects were investigated in the Leningrad region of the USSR in 1982-1984. The invasion by horse-flies causes the greatest trouble to grazing cattle. Twenty-five horse-fly species were identified during the study. The nine prevailing species constituted more than 85% of the horse-flies invading the animals. The horse-flies flew for 50-55 days from the beginning of June to the beginning of August; mass flights were observed for two weeks starting in the second decade of June. A twelve-hour repelling action was recorded in the Oxamate repellent applied as 20% emulsion. A new portable motor-powered aerosol sprayer was tested during the study. The losses in milk yields caused by horse-flies in the Leningrad region were computed; in the period of the horse-fly flights the milk yields are reduced by 13%. The economic benefit of the treatment of the animals with the Oxamate repellent was 9.11 roubles per rouble invested. Manitoba-type traps attracting the horse-flies to an optical bait (a black ball or cube) were used as an additional method of reducing the occurrence of horse-flies in the pasture.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world.

Botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical products. Pyrethrum and neem are well established commercially, pesticides based on plant essential oils have recently entered the marketplace, and the use of rotenone appears to be waning. A number of plant substances have been considered for use as insect antifeedants or repellents, but apart from some natural mosquito repellents, little commercial success has ensued for plant substances that modify arthropod behavior. Several factors appear to limit the success of botanicals, most notably regulatory barriers and the availability of competing products (newer synthetics, fermentation products, microbials) that are cost-effective and relatively safe compared with their predecessors. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical insecticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and postharvest protection of food in developing countries.

Acetogenins↗
PubMed2002

Aphid prey suitability as environmental effect on Adalia bipunctata reproduction.

Secondary plant metabolites (allelochemicals) play a major role in plant-insect interactions. Glucosinolates (GLS) and their degradation products from Brassica species are attractants and feeding stimulants for Brassicaceae specialist insects but are generally repellent and toxic for generalist herbivores. The impact of these compounds on crucifer specialist insects are well known but their effect on generalist predators is still not well documented. Prey host plant influence on reproduction of an aphidophagous beneficial, the two spot ladybird, was determined using the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae reared on a crucifer plant, namely Brassica napus containing low GLS levels. As ladybird developmental and reproductive parameters were already shown to be strongly affected by the allelochemical presence in its preys, the unsuitable aphid and host plant combination was only momentary used to feed the A. bipunctata adults. A strong impact of the diet was observed on the beetle fecundity and the emerging offspring. Changing B. brassicae aphid to a suitable prey slowly improved the temporary negative effect of the former diet. These results enhance the food environmental effect and the importance of tritrophic relations in pest management strategies by predators. Indeed, more than the choice of the beneficial species, the prey host plant has a major influence on the potential efficacy of biological agent to control herbivore species such as aphids.

Animals↗