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PubMed1997

[Internet--a new informational and communication environment for medicine].

Availability of information and easy communication in a global network have made today's internet a prerequisite for scientific work and research in many disciplines. Internet has also become an important tool in many fields of applied science. The article presents examples how Internet influences development of medical science and practice: types of information available are presented, as well as some possibilities how the communication and information environment of the global Internet can be used for medicine.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

Improving usage of pediatric information on the Internet: the Virtual Children's Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Digital health sciences libraries (DHSLs) bring order to the chaos of the Internet by making authoritative medical information easily and conveniently available to patrons. The goal of this project was to perform a baseline usage analysis of the pediatric-related information in a general DHSL and to determine whether reorganization of the pediatric-related information into its own pediatric DHSL could increase the usage of the pediatric-related information. METHODS: From March through August 1997, a baseline analysis of a general DHSL (Virtual Hospital) was conducted using computer server log file analysis programs. The quantity of pediatric-related information in the general DHSL and its baseline usage were determined. In September 1997, the pediatric-related information was reorganized into its own pediatric DHSL (Virtual Children's Hospital), and server log file analyses were conducted of the pediatric DHSL from September 1997 to August 1998. Statistical analysis was performed by time series autoregression. RESULTS: During the baseline, the general DHSL and the pediatric-related information received a monthly average of 2 320 782 and 141 444 qualified hits, respectively. After the intervention, the general DHSL and the pediatric DHSL received a monthly average of 2 765 454 and 256 998 qualified hits, respectively. This is an increase of 19. 2% for the general DHSL and 81.7% for the pediatric DHSL. These changes were statistically significant at the P >.0001 level. The most requested pediatric-related content in the pediatric DHSL did not change substantively from preintervention to postintervention. DISCUSSION: On the Internet, as in real life, children's services must have their own distinct identity and must be differentiated from adult services. Therefore, pediatric-related information will receive increased usage if it is part of a pediatric DHSL rather than part of a general DHSL. Others can use this process and the lessons learned to develop and enhance their own pediatric-related information on the Internet. Internet, pediatrics, digital health sciences libraries, digital library, medical library.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

Craniofacial imaging informatics and technology development.

PURPOSE: 'Craniofacial imaging informatics' refers to image and related scientific data from the dentomaxillofacial complex, and application of 'informatics techniques' (derived from disciplines such as applied mathematics, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with the data. METHOD: Major trends in information technology determine the progress made in craniofacial imaging and informatics. These trends include industry consolidation, disruptive technologies, Moore's law, electronic atlases and on-line databases. Each of these trends is explained and documented, relative to their influence on craniofacial imaging. RESULTS: Craniofacial imaging is influenced by major trends that affect all medical imaging and related informatics applications. The introduction of cone beam craniofacial computed tomography scanners is an example of a disruptive technology entering the field. An important opportunity lies in the integration of biologic knowledge repositories with craniofacial images. CONCLUSION: The progress of craniofacial imaging will continue subject to limitations imposed by the underlying technologies, especially imaging informatics. Disruptive technologies will play a major role in the evolution of this field.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1968

The changing role of the library.

This article reviews the extraordinary growth in the scientific literature that has resulted from increased federal expenditures in the past decade or two. The article further notes that the impact of the knowledge explosion has impinged on the Health Sciences Library as well as on the individual scientist who needs access to the information. A strong plea is made for the librarian to assume a more active role in: doing internal research with respect to how best to use the library as a tool in the dissemination of new information; educating newcomers to the field of library science with respect to the management of scientific information; and converting the library from a passive to an active instrument in disseminating the scholarly record to and among those who require access to it. Medical center administrators are reminded that if the librarian succeeds in these ventures then he will fulfill all of the research, teaching, and service requirements ordinarily made of other academic departments and, in turn, should be rewarded with departmental status for the library.

Information Services↗
PubMed2006

From novice to informed educator: the teaching scholars program for educators in the health sciences.

The Teaching Scholars Program for Educators in the Health Sciences at McGill University, in Montreal, Quebec, was designed to promote the professional development of health science educators by increasing their expertise in developing and implementing educational programs and taking on leadership roles in education. This program, which was initiated in 1997 and is tailored to the individual needs of the participants, consists of participation in: two university courses; a monthly seminar; a research study or an educational project, consisting of curriculum design and evaluation; and faculty-wide faculty development activities. As of 2006, 34 scholars have completed this program. Outcome data indicate that the majority of teaching scholars have taken on new roles and responsibilities in medical education; maintained the changes implemented in their teaching practices; continued to participate in faculty development activities; and presented their work at educational meetings. A number of scholars have also applied successfully for educationally related grants and have published their educational projects. Five of the scholars have pursued advanced studies. This program, which aims to move beyond the improvement of teaching skills by providing a foundation for educational leadership and scholarship, resembles many others in its emphasis on independent study, peer support, and the maintenance of ongoing responsibilities. It is innovative in that scholars participate in university courses and are encouraged to attend an "outside" conference or course. The overall benefits of this program, as noted by the scholars, include increased knowledge and skills, introduction to a "community of practice," and new career paths and opportunities.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Animal research in psychology. More than meets the eye of the general psychology student.

The general psychology course provides a unique opportunity to present the science of psychology to a wide audience. Informing the general public about the importance of animal research in psychology is especially important given contemporary concerns about animal rights and animal welfare. A study of 8 leading introductory psychology textbooks indicated that with the exception of principles of conditioning and learning, the contributions of animal research to psychology were often not explicitly acknowledged. In addition, major findings from animal research were frequently presented as if they had been obtained with humans. In obscuring the contributions of animal research, introductory psychology textbooks miss the opportunity to ensure that public policy be based on accurate information about the significance of this research to many areas of psychological science.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The development and evaluation of a small ready-reference library collection for a rural practice: a case study.

A demonstration core collection of twenty-four ready-reference sources and five journals was selected cooperatively by a solo practitioner in rural Menifee County, Kentucky, and the University of Kentucky Medical Center Library Field Librarian to fit the ready-reference and current awareness information needs of a primary care solo rural practice in eastern Kentucky. The collection selections were systematically assessed by the physician to determine their utility in filling the practitioner's information needs with regard to his particular situation in terms of medical experience and level of training, available library and educational resources, and the type of health problems seen in his practice. This assessment showed that the Rural Demonstration Library Collection completely filled the information needs of the physician 66% of the time materials were consulted and filled his immediate information needs either completely or partially 82% of the time the collection was searched. This demonstration has shown that, under a specific set of circumstances, a librarian and a solo rural practitioner can effectively work together in identifying health sciences materials which fit the information needs of a solo rural practitioner. It suggests that cooperation between a librarian and a physician is important in meeting information needs.

Book Collecting↗
PubMed1999

Taking a corporate approach to information technology in an academic medical center.

Academic health science centers employ faculty and research staff who demand and merit a high level of information technology (IT) support. Often their needs outstrip the ability of IT to provide adequate service. The authors review the recent history of IT at Baylor College of Medicine, beginning with the critical review of its operations undertaken outside consultants in 1996. The analysis led to a strategic planning strategic planning retreat at which three infrastructure projects and three systems projects were identified. As the IT program executed these projects, it transformed itself into a more modern organization able to provide higher levels of service to faculty and staff. Those involved in these changes at Baylor were able to successfully adopt a corporate model of information services support without sacrificing the college's academic focus.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extending the testimony problem: evaluating the truth, scope, and source of cultural information.

Children's learning--in the domains of science and religion specifically, but in many other cultural domains as well--relies extensively on testimony and other forms of culturally transmitted information. The cognitive processes that enable such learning must also administrate the evaluation, qualification, and storage of that information, while guarding against the dangers of false or misleading input. Currently, the development of these appraisal processes is not clearly understood. Recent work, reviewed here, has begun to address three important dimensions of the problem: how children and adults evaluate truth in communication, how they gauge the inferential potential of information, and how they encode and evaluate its source.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The use of jargon in medical school libraries.

The public services divisions of forty-seven medical school libraries participated in a survey to document jargon used by library staff and users in referring to information sources in the health sciences. The survey yielded 624 unique instances of jargon, 54% of which were acronyms of initialisms. Examples of problems created by the use of jargon are given and the importance of the librarian as a facilitator of communication, even in the presence of automated information systems, is discussed. Implications of the study for novice librarians are suggested. The body of jargon appears to serve as an effective cross-professions communications device.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1986

The National Library of Medicine: from MEDLARS to the sesquicentennial and beyond.

The two decades since the introduction of MEDLARS and the passage of the Medical Library Assistance Act have been especially eventful in the history of the National Library of Medicine. The library's collections and services have grown to keep pace with the expanding health sciences literature and the needs of health professionals. Networking has emerged as an invaluable method for disseminating biomedical information. NLM has assumed new responsibilities for information services in toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental health, and for research and development in biomedical communications. Research now being carried out by NLM has the potential for enhancing the library's archival programs and for improving information dissemination in support of health sciences research, education, and practice.

Forecasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data input module for Birth Defects Systems Manager.

The need for a computational bioinformatics infrastructure to manage the vast digital information from functional genomics and proteomics motivated us to develop Birth Defects Systems Manager (BDSM) as an open resource to facilitate analysis and discovery in developmental biology and developmental toxicity. This report describes the design, development and implementation of the data loading module of BDSM, referred to as LoadBDSM. It includes a shared data directory resource that can be granted various levels of security for different research groups or investigators to manage experimental datasets individually or in groups. LoadBDSM allows the upload of data and experiment details using controlled semantics for developmental exposure (toxicant, dosing scenario, intervention), biological sample (species, tissue, stage) and disease outcome (time, risk, phenotype). It adheres to existing controlled vocabulary plus rules of inference (ontologies) for experiment, data and metadata annotations. LoadBDSM extends the capabilities of BDSM to support the emergence of "embryo-formatics" defined here as the data, information and knowledge from genomic sciences applied to, or derived from, an embryological context. This includes, but is not limited to, delineating pathways and biological regulatory networks for specific chemicals or classes of developmental toxicants, developing novel biomarkers indicative of exposure and/or predictive of adverse effects, and integrating modern computing and information technology with data from molecular biology.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1998

Credit for discoveries: citation data as a basis for history of science analysis.

Citation data have become an increasingly significant source of information for historians, sociologists, and other researchers studying the evolution of science. In the past few decades elaborate methodologies have been developed for the use of citation data in the study of the modern history of science. This article focuses on how citation indexes make it possible to trace the background and development of discoveries as well as to assess the credit that publishing scientists assign to particular discoverers. Kuhn's notion of discovery is discussed. The priority dispute over the discovery of the AIDS virus is used as an example.

HIV-1↗
PubMed1994

[Medical publications in the Scientific Thesaurus].

As a result of the increased public interest the first academic journals in sciences, providing anyone with easily accessible information, appeared from the 17th-18th century in Europe. These early journals were encyclopaedic and involved all branches of sciences. This was partly due to the few number of scientists but to the systematising methods of the Enlightenment as well. The first such paper in Hungarian came out only in 1814 (edited by Gábor Döbrentei) but owing to the little interest it had not lasted longer than four years. The next one, the Scientific Thesaurus, was the longest surviving journal in the first half of 19th century Hungary, published also in Hungarian. The Scientific Thesaurus was also characterised by the publication of a wide range of academic subjects, and though only in supplements, even literature. Dr. Jobst's paper investigated all the fifty medical publications of the Scientific Thesaurus. She concludes that it fulfilled the expectations academic journals were faced with. Through its publications it played an especially important role in distributing newly invented Hungarian terms for anatomy, medicine, and surgery (and for all other fields of natural sciences alike) which was indispensable for creating an independent Hungarian scientific language that could replace Latin and German, the two main lingue franca in Hungarian science so far. the Scientific Thesaurus gave way for special registers of invented scientific terms and also for the disputes that usually followed them. Another field was the presentation of the principles of recent medical schools into Hungarian academic life, such as homeopathy, Mesmerism, Brownism, balneology and traditional medicine. The editors equally stood for the publication of theoretical papers and those reciting the counter measures taken during cholera and small pox epidemics, the development of health organisations, hospital work, etc. In the field of medicine the Scientific Thesaurus carried out its mission in informing not only the Hungarian physician, pharmacist or scientist but the general public as well, about new schools, achievements, and breakthroughs of healing.

History, 19th Century↗