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PubMed1979

An in vitro comparison of capillary flow dialyzer performances on a single needle system (double headpump).

The ultrafiltration, clearance and priming characteristics of six capillary dialyzers (C-DAK 2.5 D, C-DAK 1.8 D, Tri-Ex 1, CF M 1500, N16F160 and HF 150) were studied in single needle dialysis by way of the double headpump (BL 760, Bellco Ltd). A good control of the ultrafiltration by an appropriate choice of the mean bloodcompartment pressures (Pbo) is present in all dialyzers. After correction of the clearance for ultrafiltration the clearances of urea, creatinine, sodiumiothalamate-l125 and cyanocobalamine-Co58 (vit. B 12) rise with increasing mean pressures in the bloodcompartment of all dialyzers. We assume that a better use of available surface area due to the characteristics of the double headpump such as TMP mainly influenced by Pbo pressures and other such as tidal flow are responsible for the excellent in vitro clearances of these dialyzers with this type of single needle system.

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PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the cardiovascular responses to carotid injections of ionic and nonionic contrast media.

Selective injection of contrast media into the canine common carotid artery results in alterations in carotid flow, heart rate, and systemic arterial pressure. In this study the responses to injections of the nonionic agents metrizamide and iopamidol were compared to the responses to the ionic agents meglumine iothalamate, meglumine sodium diatrizoate, mannitol, and saline solution. Heart rate and pressure responses were smallest for metrizamide, greater for iopamidol, and greater still for the hypertonic ionic agents: responses were roughly correlated to agent osmolality. Carotid flow increased with all agents and was roughly proportional to the agent's osmolality. The exception was metrizamide which despite its lowest osmolality, produced a large increase in flow which was maintained much longer than for other agents. The total response to the nonionic agents was judged less severe than to the ionic agents; however, the responses to all agents were transient and not life threatening.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal excretion mechanism of a nonionic contrast agent.

The renal excretion mechanism of a nonionic experimental contrast agent, C-29, was investigated in rabbits in comparison with the ionic contrast agent sodium diatrizoate under conditions of free urine flow and ureteral stasis. The two contrast agents were injected as a mixture of 125I-C-29 and 131I-sodium diatrizoate, in doses of 25 and 250 mg I/kg. The results indicate that, during the period relevant for urographic examinations, C-29 may have a renal clearance as low as 0.7 times that of sodium diatrizoate under conditions of both free urine flow and ureteral stasis. The biologic half-life of C-29 is 41-50 min.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential changes in the CT numbers of the normal canine kidney following intravenous contrast administration. II: The renal medulla.

Following the intravenous administration of sodium and meglumine salts of both diatrizoate and iothalamate (at doses of 310-880 mg I/kg body weight) sequential changes in computed tomographic (CT) numbers of the inner medulla were determined in three dogs, using a 30-second CT scanner. Peak medullary enhancement was greater than, and usually occurred 1-2 minutes after, peak cortical enhancement. The CT number of the medulla increased linearly with increasingly large doses of the contrast agent. At peak enhancement, the meglumine salts produced a significantly lower (p less than 0.025) mean CT attenuation value of the medulla than did the sodium salts. The difference in mean attenuation values between the sodium salts and meglumine salts was maximum (50-60 HU)at peak enhancement. Our data indicate the known difference in renal handling of the meglumine and sodium salts is readily detectable by CT.

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