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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Antagonistic effect of a vasoactive intestinal peptide fragment, vasoactive intestinal peptide(1-11), on guinea pig trachea smooth muscle relaxation.

The conformation of various regions of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been analyzed by semiempirical methods, CD, and NMR spectroscopy, indicating that residues 11-21 are most likely to be helical, whereas the amino-terminal portion VIP(1-11) could exhibit two beta-turn structures. VIP(1-11) inhibits 125I-VIP binding to intact guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells and the VIP-induced smooth muscle response. However, the endecapeptide exhibits no effect on the muscle tone. All these data suggest that VIP(1-11) may be a useful tool in studying VIP receptor recognition, its regulation, and cellular functions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Intestinal motility and its variations in replacement bladder and intestine].

Urinary reservoirs replacing the bladder are made of intestine. The digestive tract motor activity is regulated by hormonal and neurologic mechanisms. The purpose of this work is the comparison of the motor activity in intact bowel with that of the new urinary reservoir during and after an oral intake. The modifications of pre- and post-prandial motor activities are recorded simultaneously in duodenum and neobladder by 4 patients with a tubular entero-cystoplasty (Camey I); standard meal (570 Kcal) triggers a similar activity in both segments. The modifications induced by an oral intake are then recorded by 14 patients with various reservoirs (ileum, ileum-cecum, cecum) and with different shapes (tubular or non-tubular). The compliance of non-tubular colic or ileocolic reservoirs appears greater than that of ileal reservoirs, even after detubularization. After oral intake, basal pressure and motor activity increase clearly in ileal bladders and much less in colic or ileocolic bladders. Nocturnal leak observed in many urinary reservoirs may be linked to the persistence of an intense motor activity in the neobladder with a marked increasing during the second part of the night.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1990

Site specificity of a catalytic vasoactive intestinal peptide antibody. An inhibitory vasoactive intestinal peptide subsequence distant from the scissile peptide bond.

Ten fragments of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were tested for reactivity with a human catalytic autoantibody that cleaves full-length VIP(1-28) at the Gln16-Met17 peptide bond. A large COOH-terminal subsequence, VIP(15-28), was bound by the autoantibody with high affinity (Ki 1.25 nM), suggesting that it is the antibody binding epitope. VIP(22-28), a short subsequence distant from the scissile bond, inhibited the binding (Ki 242 microM) and hydrolysis (Ki 260 microM) of full-length VIP by the catalytic autoantibody in a competitive fashion. The autoantibody did not show detectable binding of short VIP subsequences that encompass the scissile bond (VIP(15-21), VIP(11-17), and VIP(13-20]. These data show that residues 22-28, located four amino acids distant from the scissile bond, contribute in recognition of VIP by the catalytic autoantibody.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Intestinal brush border peptidases: activities in normal and abnormal peroral intestinal biopsy specimens.

Discriminating substrates were used to develop assays that accurately measure the activity of each of four brush border peptidases in peroral jejunal biopsy specimens. Seventy-five biopsy specimens, 43 normal and 32 abnormal, were assayed for aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7), aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), and disaccharidases, and 37 of these were assayed for membrane glycylleucine peptidase and Zn2+-stable aspartyllysine peptidase. Peptidase levels in normal biopsy specimens from males and females did not differ. Only aminopeptidase A levels changed significantly with age. The mean +/- SD units per gram of protein for each enzyme in peroral biopsy specimens of normal intestine were aminopeptidase A 1.7 +/- 0.7 for children and 3.1 +/- 1.3 for adults, membrane glycylleucine peptidase 16.3 +/- 10.6, aminopeptidase N 35.5 +/- 13.2, and Zn2+-stable aspartyllysine peptidase 42.6 +/- 28.5. In abnormal biopsy specimens, levels of three of the peptidases and the disaccharidases were significantly decreased, 37% to 51%. In contrast, aminopeptidase N activity was decreased only 7% in the abnormal biopsy specimens. These results provide a basis for further studies investigating the role of brush border peptidases in normal digestion and various pathologic states, including the search for individuals with brush border peptidase deficiencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the effects of an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor on the intestinal epithelium and on intestinal tumors.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of polyamines, it has a short half-life, and its synthesis is under hormonal control. Recently, insight into the role of ODC and thus into the physiology of polyamines has been gained by the use of an inhibitor of ODC, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). In the present report cell proliferation was measured by a stathmokinetic method in the crypt epithelium of the jejunum and colon of normal rats and in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors. Growth of human colon tumor xenografts in immunosuppressed mice and mouse colon tumor isografts was also assessed. Cell proliferation in primary colonic tumors was substantially suppressed by a single dose of DFMO at 100 mg/kg whereas the normal crypt epithelium of the small and large intestine required two doses at 400 mg/kg to produce a similar magnitude of inhibition of cell proliferation. DFMO was also found to suppress cell proliferation in, and the growth of, the transplantable colon cancers. Because of the apparent selectivity of the antimitotic activity of DFMO towards tumors, ODC inhibitors may prove to be useful anticancer drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Morpho-functional evaluation of the small intestine patients with Crohn disease. Enema of the small intestine versus post-heparin plasma diamine oxidase].

Our study was directed not only towards the diagnosis of small bowel Crohn's disease, but especially to a quantitative analysis, for a correct therapeutical approach. This experimental trial is based on the relationship between radiological evidence, measured during small bowel enema, and the seriousness of the morphological and functional damage to the intestinal mucosal membrane, evaluated with a post-heparin diamine-oxidase activity test. With this method we studied 35 selected patients; 16 of them were affected by the disease with an exclusive localization in the small bowel and 5 have been considered separately, because 3 patients had already been operated and the other 2 showed different localizations. In our results, the two parameters were not constantly related to each other. In other words the enema's morphological data sometimes do not accord with the mucosal membrane integrity index expressed by the enzyme. Anyway the importance of this study is the attempt of making an objective comparison between an anatomic situation and its functional consequence. These aspects have a great significance in Crohn's disease.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1988

[The blood microcirculatory bed of the small intestine, liver and pancreas after resection of the stomach and small intestine].

As demonstrate the experiments performed on dogs and rats, after surgical intervention to the stomach and small intestine, other organs of the digestive system experience an increased functional loading, that results in noticeable changes in the intraorganic blood vessels and the blood microcirculatory bed organs. The course of the compensatory processes occurs with a definite regularity--as stages. The first stage is characterized with a predominance of the pathological reactions over the compensatory ones, in the second stage certain compensatory possibilities of the organism are noted. In the third stage the compensatory-adaptive reactions prevail over the pathological processes in the blood vessels and blood microcirculatory bed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiobiology of stem cells in intestinal epithelium. Effect of single and multiple preliminary sublethal irradiation of mice on the dose dependence of the survival of stem cells in small intestine epithelium].

After a single or three-fold whole body irradiation of mice with a dose of 4 Gy and the time interval for the proliferation to be restored (5 days or 3 weeks) the survival curve for stem cells of small intestine epithelium with regard to radiation dose was the same as that for non-preirradiated mice. This indicated that the proliferative potential of stem cells in these experimental conditions was not reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fluid accumulation in the ligated intestinal loop and histopathological changes of the intestinal mucosa caused by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin in the pheasant and chicken.

Fluid accumulation was induced in ligated intestinal loops of both pheasants and chickens injected with crude Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Necrosis of the epithelium and lamina propria of the duodenum and jejunum occurred in both species of bird after intraduodenal administration of crude C2 toxin. The severity of such reactions depended upon the dose and the period after administration of C2 toxin up to eight hours, and such reactions were suppressed specifically with rabbit anti-C2 toxin. These results confirm that C2 toxin is one of the causes of diarrhoea in avian botulism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Intestinal lymphangiectasia in the Lundehund. Scanning electron microscopy of intestinal mucosa.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia of obscure etiology is frequent among Norwegian Lundehunds ("puffin-dog"). A study of three Lundehunds with typical symptoms, including wasting, diarrhea and ascites, revealed segmental distention of lymphatics resembling primary lymphangiectasia in man. Atrophy, fusion and balloon-like swelling of villi with occasional rupture of lacteals were seen. Subepithelial fluid accumulation caused bulging of the epithelium. Microvilli showed partial or complete atrophy. The protein loss in the Lundehund enteropathy may be due to rupture of lacteals, increased paracellular permeability, caused by enhanced hydrostatic tissue pressure, and decreased absorption through a malformed brush border.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in primary amyloidosis of the intestinal tract].

In an 80-year-old patient who had recurrent attacks of subileus over three years, a complete large bowel ileus finally developed. At laparotomy, massive dilatation and extreme fragility of the large bowel was found. Subtotal colectomy was performed, within 24 h of which the patient died. The surgical specimen and autopsy revealed primary amyloidosis (A light chain type) confined nearly exclusively to the intestinal tract. Pseudoobstructive ileus in amyloidosis can be chiefly accounted for by the heavy amyloid infiltration of the tunica muscularis of the bowel wall. Amyloidosis of the arteries and nerve plexus may be contributory factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Isolated ulcer of the small intestine. Abnormal structures in the intestinal wall].

Four years after abdominal trauma, an intestinal loop was resected in a 19-year-old male due to persistent abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and the suspicion of tumor. A typical ischemic ulcer was found. The resected loop showed, moreover, two peculiar histological features which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been described in the literature: 1. smooth muscle sleeves surrounding intraparietal arteries; 2. entero-mesenteric smooth muscle bands. It is suggested that these muscular structures could, when contracted, provoke arterial stenoses and contribute to the formation of the ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Studies of the intestinal transfer of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin across guinea pig and rat small intestine.

The mechanism in the intestinal absorption of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin were studied using the in vitro everted and non-everted gut of guinea pigs and rats. The results of the experiments indicated that both coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin are absorbed by the passive drug-transfer process. The presence of probenecid/KCN increased the amount of drug transferred across the gut. The mechanism of the latter compounds on the drug-transfer process is still not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Fecal 13C analysis for the detection and quantitation of intestinal malabsorption. Limits of detection and application to disorders of intestinal cholylglycine metabolism.

The use of 14CO2 breath tests and fecal analyses for the detection and quantitation of intestinal malabsorption has been extensively documented in adult subjects. The use of stable isotopes has extended the range of breath test applications to include pediatric and obstetric subjects. Here we report a fecal 13C analysis that can be used in conjunction with 13CO2 breath tests. Twenty-four-hour fecal samples were collected before and after the administration of a labeled substrate. The samples were homogenized and combusted to CO2, and the 13C abundance was determined by high-precision, differential isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The isotopic variation between successive 24 hr fecal samples was 0.6 0/00 (0.0006 atom percent). This variation limited the sensitivity of the fecal analysis to 13 mumol of 13C label per mold of fecal carbon. Simultaneous cholyglycine 13CO2 breath tests and fecal assays were performed in five children. One child with bacterial overgrowth had an abnormal breath test and a normal fecal test. Of three children with ileal dysfunction, only one had an abnormal breath test, whereas the fecal test was abnormal in all three, Both the breath test and fecal test were abnormal for a child who had undergone an ileal resection. Both tests were normal for a child with ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal bilious vomiting--an unusual presentation of intestinal atresia in the newborn.

A female pre-term infant was delivered to a teenage mother who had fresh "meconium-stained" liquor during labour. At resuscitation, the baby had copious amount of greenish effluent coming from and also sucked out of the pharynx and stomach. She was subsequently diagnosed as having ileal atresia; the initially thought "meconium stained" liquor was the result of in-utero bilious vomiting, secondary to the intestinal obstruction. She had resection of the atretic bowel and end to back anastomosis; she died 24 days post-operatively.

Bile↗
PubMed1995

Family history of gastric disease: a risk factor for intestinal metaplasia--a gastric precancerous lesion. ECP-EURONUT-Intestinal Metaplasia Study Group, UK Sub-Group.

As part of a large study of the aetiology of intestinal metaplasia (IM) a questionnaire on family history was administered to patients with IM, symptomatic (and therefore endoscoped) controls (EC) and non-symptomatic (and therefore not endoscoped) controls (NC). A larger proportion of NC (47%) than of EC (23%) or IM cases (25%) had an absence of family history of gastroduodenal disease. IM cases had a stronger family history than did either control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of intraoperative lavage of the large intestine with hyperoxygenated solution on the healing of large intestinal anastomosis].

In the experiment on 80 rats, the intraoperative lavage of the colon (IL) in its perforation and acute obstructive ileus was performed. Lavage was performed before wound closure and placing the anastomosis. In using IL with hyperoxigenated solution, the favourable course of the postoperative period, increase in number of the animals survived, decrease in incidence of complications were noted. The wound and intestinal anastomosis healed by first intention. The method is recommended for the use in clinical practice.

Animals↗