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PubMed1975

[Some aspects of fertility following artificial insemination and natural service in dairy cattle (author's transl)].

The difference between the non-return percentage (60-90 days) following 17,086 first inseminations and that after 9,776 first matings in Dutch-Friesian cattle was studied in a random sample of the Netherlands Herd Book records in 1969. The effects of the following factors on this difference in the cases studied are discussed: -- age of bulls and cows, -- frequency of natural service and artificial insemination during each oestrus, -- use of deep-frozen semem --housing and grazing periods. The difference having been corrected for these factors, it was estimated at not more than 9 per cent of non-return 60-90 days in favour of natural service.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Decolorization of methylene blue by bovine spermatozoa and its significance in artificial insemination (author's transly].

The mechanism of action of methylene blue reduction is discussed with special reference to its relationship to the metabolism of bovine spermatozoa. The results of experimental studies of the effect of metabolic inhibitors on decolorization of methylene blue are reported. Attention is also paid to the effect of the addition of methylene blue to semen on the oxygen uptake of bovine spermatozoa. Methods used to determine the decolorization time of methylene blue in artificial insemination are reviewed. One of these methods is described in greater detail. The results of a number of experiments is concerned with the effect of environmental factors on the decolorization times of suspensions of spermatozoa are reported. Finally, the relationship between the decolorization time of methylene blue and a number of other semen characteristics as well as usefulness of this method in artificial insemination are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Henry IV of Castilla (1454-1474). An exceptional urologic patient. An endocrinopathy causing the uro-andrological problems of the Monarch. Artificial insemination attempts (IV)].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze, in accordance to contemporary and current chronicles and manuscripts, all known data about possible infertility or sterility suffered by Henry IV and attempts of artificial insemination undertook by his wife Juana of Portugal with the Monarch's semen due to his complete impotence. His possible infertility was unfairly used by his enemies to deny the right of succession to his daughter Juana, called "La Beltraneja", in a similar way than what has happened with his erectile dysfunction. In our work, we tried to demonstrate if Henry IV was or not able to conceive and paternity of his daughter Juana, based on our current knowledge and presumed endocrinopathies suffered by the Monarch in accordance to some medical writers. METHODS: We reviewed a total of 10 chronicles, 5 contemporary texts and manuscripts, and 25 books about the figure of Henry IV published before year 2000, analyzing medical works in detail, particularly those from Marañon, Eisenberg, and Suarez, who studied the facts referred to the presumed Monarch's infertility and his paternity trying to establish a relationship with current endocrinologic syndromes that cause infertility or sterility and with the chronological dates of conception and birth of Juana "La Beltraneja". RESULTS: As it has been said before, although the study may be falsified by document manipulation done by those chroniclers partisans of the Catholic Kings, retrospective analysis seems to show that if the Monarch suffered eunuchism (hypogonadism) or hypophyseal tumor he should have been sterile. In a similar way than Suarez, we don't dare to judge if the attempts of artificial insemination performed to his wife Juana were successful or not, so the historical controversy about "La Beltraneja" continues.

Endocrine System Diseases↗
PubMed2003

[Report of the first case in Poland of pregnancy after intrauterine insemination with semen of a HIV-1 seropositive partner and literature review].

HIV-1 serodiscordant couples are expressing increased interest in childbearing and many are seeking assisted reproduction. In 1992, Semprini et al. published a protocol for processing semen from HIV-1 seropositive men and reported the first births of healthy children after intrauterine insemination of the female partners with a fraction of motile spermatozoa. We described the first case in Poland of the intrauterine insemination of a female partner HIV(-) with the "washed" sperm of a 28-year old man infected with HIV. The woman gave birth to a healthy boy. Both mother and baby were tested for HIV-1 antibodies at the time of birth and 3 months later; both had negative results. Assisted reproduction techniques, although complicated and expensive are offered to serodiscordant couples as a preventive measure against infection that would result from unprotected intercourse.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Homologous intrauterine insemination: our experience].

Sixty-five couples with male infertility or unexplained infertility or infertility due to cervical factor underwent 156 cycles of homologue intrauterine insemination. The overall pregnancy rate was 16.5% with 2.4 mean value of insemination cycles for each couple. The highest pregnancy rate was observed in cases of cervical factor infertility. The mean age of patients who had pregnancy was 30 years (overall mean value 34 years) and the mean time of sterility was 3 years (overall mean value 4.4 years).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of laparoscopic ablation or danocrine on pregnancy rates in patients with stage I or II endometriosis undergoing donor insemination.

The effect of treatment on stages I and II endometriosis was evaluated in 61 women with laparoscopically proven disease who were undergoing therapeutic donor insemination. Only treatment cycles completed after diagnostic laparoscopy were used for analysis. To evaluate fecundity, we performed life-table analysis on 343 treatment cycles of therapeutic donor insemination in 67 patients with stage I or II endometriosis and compared it with 212 cycles in 43 patients with no female infertility factors. Average monthly fecundity and cumulative conception rates over six cycles were calculated for each group. A significant difference was found when patients with laparoscopically proven normal anatomy were compared with those with endometriosis (P = .002). The fecundity did not differ significantly between stage I and stage II endometriosis (P greater than .05). Neither ablation during laparoscopy nor medical treatment with danocrine improved the fecundity of patients with early-stage endometriosis (P greater than .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tarsal lameness of dairy bulls housed at two artificial insemination centers: 24 cases (1975-1987).

Degenerative joint disease of the tarsi was diagnosed in 20 of 24 Holstein bulls with tarsal lameness at 2 artificial insemination centers from 1975 to 1987. Each of the 2 centers housed about 100 bulls/yr. Of the 24 bulls with tarsal lameness, 22 were from the artificial insemination center designated as A, and 2 were from the center designated as B. Examination of the housing and management procedures revealed that center A had concrete floors with cuboidal-shaped yards, whereas center B had deep sand flooring, with long, narrow yards. The only other difference between the 2 centers was that center A used 1- and 2-year-old bulls as teasers for older, heavier bulls to mount, whereas center B used bulls that were at least 6 years old to withstand the stress placed on their hind limbs by the weight of bulls undergoing semen collection. Radiographic lesions of tarsi of bulls from both centers ranged from distention of the tibiotarsal joint pouch to hypertrophic degenerative osteoarthritis of the distal, intertarsal, and tarsometatarsal joints. It was concluded that the concrete flooring and the semen collecting practices were responsible for the high prevalence of tarsal lameness and degenerative joint disease of the tarsi in bulls housed at center A.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of catheter depth and infused semen volume on the pregnancy of intrauterine insemination].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of catheter depth and infused semen volume on the pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination(IUI) with the husband's semen. METHODS: According to different catheterizing distances from the fundus and infused semen volumes, 330 patients undergoing intrauterine insemination were randomly divided into 6 groups: A, 1 cm/0.5 ml; B, 1 cm/0.3 ml; C, 2 cm/0.5 ml; D, 2 cm/0.3 ml; E, 3 cm/0.5 ml and F, 3 cm/0.3 ml. The pregnancy rate was investigated in each group. RESULTS: The pregnancy rates from group A to group E were 9.09% (5/55), 12.73% (7/55), 10.91% (6/55), 29.09% (16/55), 9.09% (5/55) and 12.73% (7/55), respectively. It was significantly higher in group D than in groups A, B, C, E and F(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Catheterizing distance of 2 cm from the fundus with infused semen volume of 0.3 ml can significantly improve pregnancy rate in patients undergoing IUI with the husband's semen.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Factors influencing successful rate of intrauterine insemination].

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a method for the treatment of marital infertility involving the intrauterine or fallopian deposition of washed spermatozoa, depending on the amount of inseminated semen. Numerous factors may be affect of pregnancy rates after IUI.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1992

[The prognostic value of the postcoital and post-insemination test].

Artificial inseminations with the semen of the husband (pre- and intracervical, intrauterine AIH) were carried out on 201 infertile women. Even though 41 women conceived on insemination, 16 of these and 38 of the unsuccessfully treated women actually became later pregnant without medical aid. An attempt to judge the eventual chances of success of AIH from the results of the PCT and PIT failed, as there was no correlation between the number and percentage of motile spermatozoa in cervical mucus post coitum and post inseminationem and the number of pregnancies. There was no clinical correlate for the differences observed between the results of the PCT and PIT.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Separation of high-quality sperm by PureSperm centrifugation applied to intrauterine insemination cycles].

OBJECTIVE: To separate high-quality sperm by PureSperm centrifugation applied to intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. METHODS: We compared the separate results after washing the semen with one-layer and two-layer PureSperm gradient centrifugation methods and two-layer Percoll gradient centrifugation method, and used the recovered high-quality sperm for IUI. RESULTS: The density of the sperm washed with one-layer PureSperm centrifugation method was significantly higher than that washed with two-layer Percoll and two-layer PureSperm centrifugation methods(P < 0.01), but there were no differences in all the results between the use of two-layer Percoll and two-layer PureSperm(P > 0.05). No significant differences in the motility, teratozoospermia and IUI results were found when the three methods were used for sperm preparation(P > 0.05). The percentage of morphologically normal sperm was markedly increased, and the non-sperm components such as leucocytes, epithelial cells and cellular fragments were significantly reduced after washed by the two methods. CONCLUSION: PureSperm centrifugation is a safe, efficient and easy method for separating high-quality sperm on intrauterine insemination cycles.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1992

Failure of intrauterine insemination in male immunological infertility in cases in which all spermatozoa are antibody-coated.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the overcoming of the cervical mucus barrier removes the interference of sperm-bound antibodies with fertility. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTINGS: University-based intrauterine insemination (IUI) homologous program. PATIENTS: Nineteen patients with all spermatozoa in the ejaculate coated by antisperm antibodies. As control group, 86 consecutive patients without antisperm antibodies, treated for oligoasthenozoospermia or mucus hostility. INTERVENTIONS: Intrauterine inseminations (at least 3 attempts per couple). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome of IUIs, demographic, and seminal parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No pregnancy occurred in the couples with male immunological infertility, treated by 110 IUIs. Twenty-three pregnancies occurred in 22 (25.6%) of the control group couples who were treated by 411 IUIs. In the group of patients without antisperm antibodies, we demonstrated that the pregnancy rate (PR)/couple in oligoasthenozoospermia without teratozoospermia was similar to that achieved in normozoospermia (35% versus 38.9%), whereas it was significantly affected by teratozoospermia (3.6%). Only three patients with antisperm antibodies had teratozoospermia. Comparing the PR per couple and per cycle between the two groups of patients (with and without antisperm antibodies), excluding the patients with teratozoospermia, significant differences resulted (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.005, respectively). The motile sperm count was not significantly different between the two groups, which also resulted to be homogeneous for demographic data. Moreover, the motile sperm count was not different between the patients with and without antisperm antibodies, who had successful IUI. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of this trial suggests that the failure of IUI in the treatment of male immunological infertility is imputable to antisperm antibodies when they involve all spermatozoa, regardless of semen quality.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2004

[Treatment option for unexplained primary infertility following failed intrauterine insemination].

OBJECTIVE: To determine an optimal insemination technique for unexplained infertility patients undergoing IVF or ICSI following failed intrauterine insemination (IUI). METHODS: Sixty-five cycles of 61 patients with failed IUI were divided into four groups: Group A (37 cycles of IVF), Group B (19 cycles of ICSI), Group C (4 cycles of IVF and ICSI: half and half), Group D (5 cycles of ICSI after failed IVF). The conventional IVF cycles were defined as Group E (37 cycles), and the conventional ICSI cycles defined as Group F (24 cycles). The fertilization rate, completely failed fertilization rate, high quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate and the implantation rate were compared among all the groups. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the fertilization rate, completely failed fertilization rate between Groups A and E (55.4% vs 72.8%, P < 0.05; 21.6% vs 0%, P < 0.005), and Groups A and B (55.4% vs 68.4%, P < 0.05; 21.6% vs 0%, P < 0.01). In Group D, there was statistically significant difference in the fertilization rate between IVF cycles and ICSI cycles (12.2% vs 74.2%, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that there may be 20% of totally failed fertilization in IVF cycles with unexplained primary infertility following failed IUI, and ICSI treatment can increase fertilization rate and avoid complete fertilization failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sperm retrieval for direct intraperitoneal insemination in a diabetic with retrograde ejaculation. A case report.

Retrograde ejaculation is an uncommon form of male infertility. It may occur in diabetics from neuropathy involving the sympathetic fibers innervating the bladder neck. Treatment of infertility in these cases is with artificial homologous insemination. Several techniques for semen recovery from the bladder have been proposed. This paper describes a case of twin pregnancy following direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) of semen retrieved from a diabetic man with retrograde ejaculation. Retrieval of semen was performed in this case by spontaneous voiding of urine after the introduction of a suitable medium into the bladder and before ejaculation. The quality of the semen was examined after spontaneous urination before DIPI. The poor quality of the spermatozoa induced us to introduce into the bladder a suitable medium before ejaculation and sperm recovery.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

Insemination data on men with varicoceles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine possible benefits of sperm processing and intrauterine insemination (IUI) for a group of men with a varicocele history who had not achieved a pregnancy by natural coitus (mean duration of infertility 42.2 months). DESIGN: A retrospective study including infertile men with varicoceles who were classified by their semen analyses and sperm penetration assays (SPAs). SETTING: Private practice of infertility. PATIENTS: Seventy-one infertile couples. The husbands had a varicocele history and were grouped into four clinical categories (14 untreated, 5 medical treatment, 34 varicocelectomies, and 18 varicocelectomies plus medical treatment). The wives were studied or treated before IUI. INTERVENTIONS: Varicocelectomies were performed on the males when indicated. Female studies included laparoscopies as indicated intrauterine insemination with Tomcat catheter (Sherwood Medical, St. Louis, MO) was performed in all cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall pregnancy rates (PRs) and fecundity rates with sperm processing and IUI. RESULTS: Six pregnancies occurred with 66 cycles of sperm processing and IUI among 28 men with normal SPAs (PR 21%, fecundity rate = 0.09). In contrast, there were no pregnancies with 121 cycles among 43 varicocele patients with abnormal SPA results or with low values for all three semen parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Sperm processing and IUI may be beneficial for selected patients with varicoceles who had not achieved a pregnancy by coitus.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Intra uterine insemination with processed sperm for HIV serodiscordant couples in whom the man is HIV positive].

The desire to have children is more and more common in HIV serodiscordant couples. The Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam has developed a new treatment protocol for couples in whom the man is HIV positive. Semen is processed to obtain HIV-1 free spermatozoa. These spermatozoa are used for IUI treatment. Thus far, 20 serodiscordant couples underwent 76 IUI cycles. An insemination was performed in 50 cycles (66%). The insemination was cancelled in 26 cycles, because of too many follicles (risk for multiple pregnancy), weekend (no possibilities for virological testing), not enough spermatazoa after preparation, a positive HIV-1 RNA test and other reasons. 10 out of 20 women became pregnant (50%), 8 women were on-going pregnant. The clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate per started cycle was 13% and 11% respectively. 7 babies have thus far been born and none of the mothers or babies seroconverted within this study period. Larger numbers of patients are necessary to support the safety of this program.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[The Dutch law on artificial-insemination donor data: content and consequences].

In 2004, a law was introduced in the Netherlands that gives children conceived by artificial insemination with donor semen (AID), oocytes or embryos the right to learn the identity of the donor when they are 16. The permanently anonymous semen donor will now be replaced by donors that are anonymous at the time of insemination, but traceable later. During the period preceding and immediately following the enactment of the law, the number of semen donors and semen banks dropped drastically and there was a change in the type of donor. The law, furthermore, creates several new moral and psychological dilemmas for both parents and AID-offspring. For parents, for example: should I tell my child that he was conceived by AID, knowing that he may become acquainted with the donor, with all the consequences that may entail? And for AID-offspring, if they have been told that they were conceived by AID: do I really wish to meet the donor? It must still be shown whether AID-offspring will feel a need for contact with the donor, and whether such contact is satisfying.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Motility longevity of sperm samples processed for intrauterine insemination.

This study demonstrates that sperm from men with male factor infertility and sperm obtained by electroejaculation have reduced motility longevity when compared with normal specimens. After 24 hours, normal samples lost only 34% of initial motility, whereas male factor patients lost 48%, and electroejaculation patients dropped 66%. Based on these data and previous clinical studies of insemination timing, it is recommended that sperm retrieval and artificial insemination for male factor infertility, especially when electroejaculation is necessary, be performed 24 to 36 hours after urinary detection of the LH surge or as close to the time of ovulation as possible.

Ejaculation↗