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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Sex determination of prehistoric central California skeletal remains using discriminant analysis of the femur and humerus.

A large sample (n = 370) of Central California prehistoric skeletal remains was analyzed for sexual dimorphism of long bones using nine femoral and nine humeral dimensions. Sex of all individuals was assessed using traits of the os pubis. Discriminant analysis was done separately for the robust Early Horizon sample and the Middle/Late Horizon sample. Use of multiple variables did not produce appreciably better results over the use of several of the best variables, analyzed singly. Attention is focused on measurements of maximum diameter femoral head, femoral bicondylar width, and diameter of the humeral head (transverse or vertical). These variables produce excellent separation of the sexes with about 90% accuracy for the Middle/Late Horizon sample. They have been overlooked in the recent literature in which the relative values of length versus midshaft dimensions are debated. The measurements found to be superior in this study are taken at the ends of the bones where durability of these regions is indicated by large sample sizes found in this study. We suggest workers redirect their focus from the midshaft to the ends of the long bones. The discriminant analyses presented here have greater accuracy than most claims for either long bone or cranial sex determination. These standards, based on two samples with differing robusticity, may have applicability for workers in other areas who lack large skeletal samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

On how the periosteal bone of the delphinid humerus becomes cancellous: ontogeny of a histological specialization.

In cetaceans, the bones of the flippers lack a free medullary cavity and have a cancellous texture, with compact cortices reduced or absent. The present work discusses the ontogenetic basis of these characters in terms of the ontogeny of the structure and textural bone compactness (TBC) of the humeral diaphysis in a growth series of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). The texture of the primary periosteal deposits is compact; soon after their accretion, the deposits undergo an extensive erosion that turns them into a cancellous tissue. A diffuse endosteal front of resorption expands in parallel with the growth of the cortex and acts as small units scattered within the cortices. Starting soon after birth and continuing throughout the life of the animals, the compactness of the periosteal cortex decreases at both general and local levels. This trend correlates strongly with the increase in size of the diaphyseal section and reflects the fact that relatively more bone is eroded than deposited during growth in the cancellous parts of the cortex. In the broad sense, this is basically an osteoporotic process, which is not identical, however, to senile or disuse osteoporoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Modified rotational osteotomy of the humerus for Erb's palsy.

A modified derotation humeral osteotomy was carried out in 10 patients with Erb's palsy who all had severe functional limitation from residual deformity of their affected arm. The operation is described. The appearance and function of the arms was improved in every patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Humerus head resection as therapy of compound fracture of the upper arm--results].

Proximal humeral fractures are frequent injuries in older patients. Most of these fractures respond satisfactorily to conservative treatment. Problems arise in cases of four-part displacements and in head-splitting fractures with massive defects in the articular surface. Between 1970 to 1988 eight patients were treated in our clinic in this situation by resection of the humeral head. 6 patients could be followed-up for an average of 69 months. Postoperative findings showed a restricted range of motion in all operated shoulders. The average abduction of the arm was 60 degrees (40-80 degrees) and elevation 60 degrees (40-80 degrees). The patients showed a mean external rotation of 17 degrees (5-30 degrees) and an internal rotation of 48 degrees (5-90 degrees). Only one patient was painless, 2 patients had pain during the night, and 3 patients suffered from various pain symptoms. Nevertheless 5 of 6 patients assessed the result as satisfactory and one patient as good.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Isolated avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus.

Three cases of isolated avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity are described together with a review of six previously reported cases. Of the total cases, six had a well-documented mode of injury, in which a strong abducting force was applied to the medial aspect of the upper arm, causing exaggerated abduction and external rotation. The contracting subscapularis muscle displaces the avulsed bony insertion to a position below the glenoid to give a characteristic appearance on the radiograph. This appearance should not be confused with calcific tendonitis. The lesion may warrant surgical intervention which has been successful in half the cases.

Adult↗