Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Handicapped”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Disease models and models of handicap in psychiatry].

Throughout psychiatric history, the handicap model has been referred to a mineral image as opposed to the vegetal image of disease. The structural model, after Freud, seeks to overcome the opposition between disease and handicap. Present day disregard for this model, especially in the United States, stems from economical and ideological reasons. The come-back of a psychopathology of "faculties" linked to the notion of deficiency and reinforced by fascination with computers, also represents the need of humankind to believe in an incorruptible soul.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2003

Pattern of disabilities in a residential school for the handicapped in Ilorin, Nigeria.

As part of a wider study aimed at establishing baseline information (for planning purposes), the pattern of disabilities in a Residential School for the handicap was determined. Information on demographic data, nature of handicap, age of enrollment, present class and length of stay in the school were obtained. The study involved 82 pupils (28 females) aged 5-30 years (mean 16.9 + 5.08 years). Seventy nine percent (65) were deaf, 13.6%(11) blind and 6.2% (5) had mental retardation. The mean age of enrollment was 10.6 + 4.12 years. Only two (2.5%) of the pupils/students stayed in the school beyond the regulation time. These findings show that deafness was the commonest disability and strongly suggest that none of the disabilities observed had major impact on learning ability in this school system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Use of gestures to support speech comprehension of a hearing, nonverbal severely mentally handicapped adult with autistic behavior].

In the present single case study the reactions of a severely mentally handicapped adult with autistic behaviour to simple instructions were investigated; in each case with and without gestural facilitation. This procedure was varied both with regard to persons and to situations. The correct following of requests as well as special behaviour such as uncertainty, smiling, delay of reactions and enthusiasm was registered and analysed by videotape. It could be clearly proved that the requests which were supported by gestures were more often performed correctly. On top of that it could be observed that under these circumstances the handicapped person was less uncertain, showed fewer stereotypies and was generally more interested. No influence could be noticed on the delay of reaction as well as on the person's enthusiasm. No difference could be seen between different persons and situations. Further research projects should particularly analyse how far the use of gestures does not only serve more communication but also has an influence on the range of behavioural disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration in severe handicapped patients].

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and serum aldosterone concentration (Ald) were studied in 25 severe handicaps at the rest position. Sixteen cases (64%) showed increased PRA and/or Ald. In four cases treated with acetazolamide PRA or Ald was increased. After suspending this drug in three cases both PRA and Ald decreased significantly. In patients with low-salt-diet (total Na intake; less than 2 mEq/kg/day) PRA was higher than in those with normal-salt-diet (total Na intake; greater than or equal to 2 mEq/kg/day). Alb had no difference in two groups. Urine Na and Cl secretion in patients with low-salt-diet (49.1 +/- 34.1 mEq/l, 43.5 +/- 25.1 mEq/l) were remarkably low when compared to those in patients with normal-salt-diet (113.3 +/- 71.3, 94.2 +/- 56.3). NaCl supplementation in those patients with low-salt-diet for 5 days (total Na intake; 4 mEq/kg/day) resulted in normalization of their high PRA and Ald levels. This phenomenon revealed reversible since suspending NaCl supplementation again increased PRA and Ald levels. These results suggest that both low-salt-diet and acetazolamide play important roles for renin secretion in severe handicaps.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Handicaps due to perinatal causes in Trento newborn infants (1979-1988)].

A survey on perinatal handicaps must follow some standards: a) homogeneous population; b) univoc method of evaluation; c) 7 years follow-up; d) case control study. From ethnic and geographical point of view, Trentino is in a favorable condition; all pathologic cases come in the only 3th Level Center (Trento), and all neurological evaluations were made from the same specialist up to primary school. Now case control survey is starting. In district of Trento neonates without congenital malformations have risk for severe residual handicaps of 0.08%; under 1500 g the risk is 6.5% while in the group 1500-2499 the risk is 0.53%. A better prevention program during pregnancy and in Intensive Care Unity may reduce the severe outcome in the 1500-2499 group of neonates.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma insulin-like growth factor I in severely handicapped children: usefulness of insulin-like growth factor I in nutritional assessment and dynamics of growth hormone secretion].

Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was measured in 23 severely handicapped children and compared with that in age-matched controls. Our 23 patients were poorly nourished and remarkably retarded in growth. Serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), retinol binding protein and prealbumin in patients were lower than in controls. IGF-I levels in our patients (0.94 +/- 0.72 U/ml) were very low in comparison with those in controls (1.82 +/- 0.72) (p less than 0.01). But urine growth hormones were elevated in most our patients (61.4 +/- 51.7 pg/mg.Cr) (p less than 0.005). When we divided 23 patients into two groups, the low and normal IGF-I group, the low IGF-I group was shorter than the normal IGF-I group. TP and Alb levels were also low. Then we gave 10 patients supplementary protein (0.2-0.7 g/kg/day) for 10-20 days. TP and Alb levels rose in eight of ten patients; TP (g/dl) from 6.5 +/- 0.3 to 7.2 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.005) and Alb (g/dl) from 4.0 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.01). IGF-I levels (U/ml) rose in nine of ten; from 0.42 +/- 0.33 to 0.68 +/- 0.53 (p less than 0.005). We conclude that IGF-I is a sensitive marker of malnutrition and the nutritional therapy. And high levels of urine growth hormone suggest a normal growth hormone secretion in pituitary glands in most of our severely handicapped children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Stress management training for the handicapped.

Stress Management Training (SMT) is described for teaching handicapped patients the use of relaxation as a coping skill. The procedure combines progressive muscle relaxation and clinical meditation into a standardized but flexible 8-session protocol. The training consists of 3 components: First, the patient is given a cognitive understanding of stress and relaxation. Second, the patient is taught to relax by controlling muscle tension and sympathetic activation. Third, the patient adapts the relaxation skill to real-life stress situations. Case reports demonstrating the process are included. Methods of assessing outcome and adaptations for particular handicaps are described.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

Guidelines to birth control counselling of the physically handicapped.

Birth control counselling of well motivated physically handicapped men and women is discussed in a series of suggested steps: (1) preappointment arrangements are made to ensure physical access to the office, and the partner or a helper may be invited to the visit; (2) the patient is encouraged to name the desired birth control method; (3) the patient's fertility is established from the history and the results of physical examination and laboratory tests; (4) methods of birth control are matched to the patient's physical and mental capabilities; (5) potential side effects of the proposed methods are considered in the light of the handicap; (6) a method is finally recommended that may be a trade-off, with ease of use balanced against efficacy, and living with side effects balanced against the risks of pregnancy; and (7) rechecks are necessary to ensure that the patient is using the method with skill and satisfaction.

Adoption↗
PubMed1979

[Transportable communication and environmental control device for the profoundly handicapped (author's transl)].

At the centre for the physically handicapped in Weingarten/Württemberg (Federal Republic of Germany) a multidisciplinary approach has been made to develop a experimental model of a communication device for the profoundly handicapped, which is transportable and can easily be handled and adapted to motor and cognitive abilities. This tool is available free of charge for a test period after which the user is required to give a report of his experiences, which will provide the basis for models which will be marketed.

Communication↗
PubMed1979

Educational mainstreaming of physically handicapped children.

The therapeutic and educational needs of 31 children who, after attending a private pre-school for the physically handicapped, were mainstrained in public schools are described in this paper. Their adjustment was followed for one to three years. Information was gathered through questionnaires and interviews with parents, children, and classroom teachers on how successful and to what extent the children had been mainstreamed, as well as what physical, academic, and social problems were encountered. Patterns and trends of relative educational abilities and disabilities of children with spina bifida and cerebral palsy are discussed in view of the literature and the problems encountered by this population. Questions that teachers frequently asked of health professionals who are experienced in dealing with the effects of handicapping conditions as well as a procedure for providing this information are also discussed. Successful mainstreaming depends on cooperative work and mutual advocacy among health professionals, parents, and educational personnel.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An integrated approach to the occupational specialization of handicapped teenagers].

Presented in the paper are issues connected with occupational specialization of handicapped children and with psychophysiological diagnosis including the program "Yong disabled should have equal opportunities" developed at the Center for rehabilitation of handicapped children, Arzamas, for those who are restricted in their choice of occupation due to health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The concept of social pediatric assistance in the development of handicapped children. Possibilities, problems and future measures].

Principles and possibilities of the social pediatric concept (Hellbrügge) in treatment and aids for handicapped children are demonstrated. Beside positive experiences there are still some unsolved problems: control of therapeutic efficiency, increasing amount of psychic and social handicaps, lack of psychotherapeutic possibilities, problems of the organization and the public rôle of social pediatric work.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of disability and handicaps in geriatric population in rural south India.

Proportion of aged persons in India is increasing and is expected to be around 70 million by the end of the year 2000. The epidemiological consequences would be increase in the geriatric problems, particularly, impairments, disabilities and handicaps There are not many community-based studies using the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of disabled in the elderly population (aged above 60 years) in a district of south India using ICIDH classification. Thirty villages were selected using probability proportional to size linear systematic sampling (PPSLSS) from Villupuram health unit district in Tamilnadu in south India. One hundred and five households were selected from each selected village by using linear systematic sampling. A structured proforma was administered to 974 subjects to obtain information on disability as perceived by rural geriatric population. Visual disability was found to be the most important single preventable disability (56%). Only 33% of persons with visual disability wore spectacles. A decline in social interaction was reported. There was an urgent need to strengthen health care activities related to geriatric health care to improve the quality of life of the elderly population, including care of vision in particular.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of life satisfaction to impairment, disability, and handicap among persons with spinal cord injury living in the community.

The level and correlates of the life satisfaction of persons with spinal cord injury who are residing in the community were investigated. One hundred men and 40 women were chosen randomly from a cohort of 640 persons with spinal cord injury residing in a 13-county area in southeast Texas. The mean Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSIA-A) was lower than reported previously for persons in the general population. The LSIA-A was not correlated significantly with chronologic variables, the ASIA Total Motor Index Score, or a self-report version of the Functional Independence Measure. The LSIA-A was associated positively with self-assessed health, perceived control, and social support, as well as with the Social Integration, Occupation, and Mobility dimensions of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique. From the standpoint of an augmented version of the World Health Organization model of disablement, the life satisfaction of persons with spinal cord injury appears to be influenced, albeit indirectly, by selective aspects of their social role performance (handicap), but not by their degree of impairment or disability.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

[Need-oriented support offers of self-help groups for handicapped or chronically-ill people].

During the last decades, self-help groups and self-help organizations have become an important part of the health system. Their success is explained mainly by the fact that their support offers are fully oriented to the needs of people with handicaps or chronic diseases. The present paper describes the support requirements of people with handicaps or chronic diseases, the type of need-oriented offers they request, and the types of self-help groups available for the corresponding support, including the identification of factors contributing to their performance and the difficulties inherent to their organization.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Promoting the development of handicapped children--possibilities and limits and responsibilities of the pediatrician].

The assessment of strategies to improve the development of handicapped children is difficult. Results of empirical investigations show marked differences with regard to the underlying handicap or developmental risk. The major impact of social conditions is beyond doubt, and within these conditions the coping process of the parents plays an important role. A survey of the literature is given. From this the pediatrician's tasks are derived: Early diagnosis of severe developmental disturbances; early and sympathetic information of the parents including a realistic estimate of given possibilities of help with special regard to social conditions, and an optimal support for the parents' coping process.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1991

Mental and social problems of families with handicapped child.

Studies were carried out in a series of 100 mothers of children with facial clefts who were treated up to the age of 13 to 15 years at the Department for Plastic Surgery. Clefts were used as a model situation for studies into the response of parents--and especially of mothers--to the birth of a child with an inborn malformation. The main results showed: that three quarters of mothers designated the birth of a handicapped child as a mental shock followed by a variety of neurotic symptoms. A certain proportion of mothers suffered from reactive depression which was not diagnosed and therefore not treated. It was confirmed that the poor mental condition of the mother in the predominant part of the series examined persisted up to the adolescence of the affected child and exerted marked negative effects on the mental prosperity of the child. This resulted in a latent or manifest parental attitude of rejection and in the development of mental handicap in their children (impaired self-esteem, impaired sexual identification etc.). The stress situation was increased by factors including manifestation of stigmatization by the familial environment and by the collective of children which had an adverse effect approximately on about three quarters of mothers and children. The discussed forms of medical care and counselling could in the post partum period and later help to reduce the mental stress experienced by the parents, as well as promote the somatic and mental development of the child.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An aetiological study on 6 to 14 years-old children with severe visual handicap in Hungary.

A population-based aetiological study was carried out on 6 to 14 years-old severely visually handicapped children in Hungary. Of the 547 recorded cases 491 (90%) were included in the analysis. Eleven aetiological groups were separated: isolated cataracts (16.7%), congenital abnormalities of the eye (15.1%), high myopia +/- retinal detachment and other cases (13.4%), retinopathy of premature (11.0%), choroidoretinal degenerations (10.0%), syndromes (9.6%), nystagmus and/or hypermetropia (9.0%), isolated and complicated optic atrophy (6.7%), postnatal causes (4.9%), retinoblastoma (1.8%), prenatal causes (1.8%). A significantly higher rate of previous induced abortions was found in the group of retinopathy of premature. Perinatal damage syndrome and Mendelian monogenic defects are the two most common aetiological categories in the origin of severe visual handicaps in Hungary.

Adolescent↗