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PubMed1976

Hand movements which cross the body midline: findings relating age differences to handedness.

Performance of 200 children (5 groups, 4 to 12 yr.) in an experimental study of spatial development was analyzed in terms of hand preference and differences in laterality of response. In accord with the literature a cross-lateral inhibition effect was confirmed but there were marked differences between hands. The supposed 'body midline' seemed to offer more resistance to one hand than to the other. Alternative explanations are suggested.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Handedness in schizophrenia.

26 schizophrenic patients (40 to 55 yr.), 21 non-schizophrenic patients (40 to 55 yr.), and 18 staff controls (25 to 40 yr.) from the same unit of a public psychiatric hospital were questioned about hand preference. Schizophrenics showed somewhat more confusion about hand preference than other subjects, but otherwise patterns of hand preference did not differ for the three groups. The inclusion of schizophrenics among those groups identified with laterality disturbances, then, was not supported.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Handedness in relation to measures of motor and tactile-perceptual functions in normal children.

10 boys and 10 girls were tested at each of six age levels (6, 7, 8, 12, 13, and 14 yr). All of the children were right-handed, and at each age level the groups did not differ in age, WISC Full Scale IQ, or educational attainment. The groups were compared on motor tasks (strength and speed) and tactile-perceptual tasks (finger localization and symbol recognition). The performances of the right and left hands were compared. The results indicated clear right-hand motor superiority, but no "sidedness" effect for the tactile-perceptual measures. The implication of these results for brain-behaviour relationships was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Handedness classification: preference versus proficiency.

Relative hand preferences as indicated by questionnaire were compared with asymmetries in manual proficiency at three levels of task difficulty (N equal to 63 adults). Correlations between odd/even trial relative hand proficiency scores were .887 and .879 attesting to their stability. Test-retest (6-wk. interval) reliabilities for relative hand proficiency ranged from .831 to .893. Spearman rbos between the questionnaire responses and relative hand proficiency were .733, .689, and .619. These relatively low relationships, especially at the highest level of task difficulty (r2 = 38%), indicate that hand preference does not reflect relative hand proficiency at moderate to high levels of task difficulty.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Left-handedness among architects: partial replication and some new data.

As predicted, over a 6-yr. period, more left-handed proportionately than right-handed architecture students successfully completed their 6-yr. program. Contrary to expectation, the entering class in 1976 had 21% left-handed males, 12 of 57. Lastly these left-handed men had high factor scores in a group of academic predictors, design scores, and grade point averages during the first quarter. The 45 right-handed men in the entering class had almost zero mean scores on the predictors and negative mean scores on performance. The 19 right-handed women in the class had negative scores on the academic predictors and positive ones on performance.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Handedness and dichotic listening to nonverbal features of speech.

The assumption that pitch and loudness are processed in the right hemisphere was tested by comparing left-handers' with right-handers' performance on pitch and loudness discrimination tasks. Four groups of left-handers (20 subjects in each group) were dichotically presented either with digits varying in pitch or loudness or with pure tones varying in pitch. The subjects identified the digits, or the pitch and loudness variations, from both ears. Confirming the assumption, the data showed that the left-handers, who had no ear preference on any of these tasks, differed significantly from the right-handers, who, preferring the right ear for digit identification, preferred the left ear for the discrimination of the nonverbal features (pitch and loudness) of these digits.

Functional Laterality↗
PubMed1978

Handedness and smoking.

This article reports the observation that proportionately more left-handed persons smoke than dextrals, and a greater proportion of left-handers than right-handers smoke 10 or more cigarettes daily, regardless of sex, race, stress of residence (or social class), and prior history of smoking. This association is especially strong among males and persons residing in residence areas of high stress (low income, low education), and weak among black females and persons who smoke 30 or more cigarettes daily. The sample was drawn from four census areas in Detroit differing by race, socioeconomic levels, and crime rates. Respondents and their spouses were 25 to 60 yr. old, married, and had relatives in the metropolitan area (N = 1496).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Handedness and drinking-smoking types.

This work showed that more sinestrals both smoke and drink together more and abstain less in both uses than dextrals. This association is stronger for females than men, regardless of age. The sample included whites, 18 to 69 yr. old, who were residents of Tecumseh, Michigan (N = 1,153).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Handedness and dementia.

Some researchers have speculated that left-hand dominance is more prevalent among patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type which began prior to age 65 yr. and that, in those patients, the disease runs a more rapid course. In the present study, seven left-handed dementia patients were matched with seven right-handed dementia patients on the basis of age and years of education and were compared with regard to neuropsychological compromise. While the left-handed group was somewhat more impaired than the right-handed subjects, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Differential visual field-interhemispheric transfer: can it explain sex and handedness differences in lateralization?

104 men and women were tested for visual field-hemispheric transfer of spatial information on a dot-localization task. Right-handed subjects showed significant improvement when stimuli were presented to the left visual field of the right hemisphere (LVF-RH) after practice on the same task presented to the right visual field of the left hemisphere (RVF-LH) first. No improvement was found when the task was presented in the reverse order (LVF-RH first followed by RVF-LH). It was concluded that, for right-handers, transfer of spatial information to the right hemisphere is facilitated while transfer to the left hemisphere is inhibited. Left-handed subjects demonstrated no significant improvement in either condition, suggesting inhibition or lack of transfer of spatial information in either direction. No sex differences were found in either right-handed or left-handed subjects. The findings suggest that there may be different mechanisms underlying the similarities in functional lateralization of women and left-handers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Asymmetrical processing of dichotic inputs in undergraduates across sex, handedness, ear-side, and experimental instructions.

Past studies have shown that some female as well as left-handed students do not demonstrate a right-ear advantage (REA) for verbal materials, suggesting that linguistic functions may not be handled in one hemisphere exclusively. To examine these laterality effects more closely, 96 undergraduates were equally divided by sex and hand dominance. Moreover, experimental instructions as to which ear to focus on were provided in a dichotic listening procedure, with left-ear attendance alternating with right-ear across four counterbalanced blocks of 60 trials each. Analysis indicated a major interaction of sex x ear x instructions, with men showing a right-ear advantage when attending to that respective side, highlighting the importance of experimental demands on dichotic performance. The right-ear advantage in right-handed persons was uninfluenced by these instructions, suggesting more pronounced asymmetries in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Asymmetrical processing of tachistoscopic inputs in undergraduates across sex, handedness, field-side, and fixation instructions.

Past studies have indicated that men as well as right-handers show a right-visual field (RVF) advantage for letter recall and a left-visual field (LVF) advantage for letter position recall, suggesting asymmetrical brain organization for these groups. To examine these laterality effects more closely, 96 undergraduates were tested in a tachistoscopic task; they were equally divided by sex and hand dominance. On each of the 48 trials, subjects were required to recall either the letters or respective letter positions within 4 x 4 matrices flashed to the right or left visual field for 100 msec. Subjects further received instructions prior to each trial cueing them as to the field in which the matrix would be positioned (i.e., left, right or neither). Analyses indicated that right-handed men showed the predicted RVF advantage for letters while only right-handed subjects evidenced a LVF advantage for letter positions. Instructions might have contributed to the observed sex difference with letters; this would imply that right-handers exclusively possessed this asymmetrical organization.

Adult↗