Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GLUTARATES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of maleate on the content of CoA and its derivatives in rat kidney mitochondria.

Effects of maleate on the content of CoA derivatives in isolated mitochondria and in the tissues of maleate-intoxicated rats have been studied. The addition of maleate to kidney mitochondria incubated with 2-oxo-glutarate decreased CoA-SH and acid-soluble acyl-CoA concentrations while acid insoluble acyl-CoA content remained unchanged. As a result, a substantial loss (depletion) of the total CoA occurred. Similar changes in CoA content were found in vivo in the kidneys of maleate-treated rats. Neither in the isolated liver mitochondria nor in the liver of intoxicated animals have such changes been observed before. Acetoacetate, the substrate for CoA transferase, added to kidney mitochondria before maleate, abolished its inhibitory effect on oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate and prevented the decrease of CoA content. The data are in accord with the previous findings indicating that maleate can bind and sequester CoA in the form of a stable and metabolically inert compound.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1981

[Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase stabilization by the introduction of intersubunit linkages].

To work out methods of synthesis of stabilized enzymatic preparations for clinical application, subunit enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase was treated with bifunctional reagents--aliphatic diacids, activated by water-soluble carbodiimide. Gel-electrophoresis in the presence of natrium dodecyl sulfate showed the presence of a linkage between the subunits. The maximal thermostability was observed in the preparations treated with amber and glutaric acid. These preparations also contained the maximal amount of the enzymatic fraction, which did not dissociate into subunits. The data of EPR-spectroscopy showed that the preparations of the enzyme with the introduced intersubunit linkages had a lowered molecular mobility.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Quantitative determination of neurospecific protein S-100 in mouse brain cortical synaptosomes].

Using monospecific antibodies against protein S-100 labelled with horseradish peroxidase (a-S-100-HP) or iodine (a-S-100-125I) two types of protein S-100 bound to the synaptosomal membrane were obtained. The first type accessible for a-S-100-HP (6.4% of total protein S-100 in the synaptosomes) and the second type accessible for a-S-100-125I (22.4%) differ in their location on the membrane surface. The total content of protein S-100 in the synaptosomes determined by solid phase radioimmune analysis is 284 +/- 0.84 ng per mg of total synaptosomal protein. Coprecipitation of the protein with the synaptosomal fraction is insignificant. After treatment of the synaptosomal membranes with 1% glutaric aldehyde or 4% paraformaldehyde, 20 and 50% of membrane-bound protein S-100 are found in the synaptosomal membrane, respectively. The immunohistochemical localization of protein S-100 in synaptosomes was established.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Degradation of L-phenylalanine and of aromatic carboxylic acids by chloridazon-degrading bacteria. Combination of side chain degradation and dioxygenase pathway].

Strain N of Chloridazon-degrading bacteria degrades phenylalanine via cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine,2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine aspartate and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate [Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 360, 957--969, (1979); Biochem. J. 194, 679--684 (1981)]. cis-2,3-Dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine as well as phenylpyruvate, cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate, 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate, cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetate, 2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde are detectable in the medium of strain E during growth on phenylalanine. Incubation with phenylacetate, 3-phenylpropionate or 4-phenylbutyrate leads to the accumulation of the corresponding cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl derivatives. These compounds are transformed with dihydrodiol dehydrogenase to 2,3-dihydroxyphenylacetate, 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate and 4-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-butyrate, 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate is attacked by a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and the meta-cleavage product is again cleaved by a hydrolase yielding succinate. In a similar reaction sequence the degradation of 4-phenylbutyrate leads to the formation of glutarate. From the growth medium of strain E on phenylacetate also small amounts of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were isolated. Resting cells were shown to metabolize 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate via homogentisate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. In the culture medium of strain K2AP benzoate could be detected. Pathways for the degradation of phenylalanine and aromatic carboxylic acids in chloridazon degrading bacteria are proposed.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production and some properties of covalent conjugates of total histone and kanamycin].

A complex containing total histone and antibiotic kanamycin was produced under optimal conditions using glutaric aldehyde. The obtained water-soluble covalently bound conjugates of these substances were identified by means of enzyme labelled immunoassay and their molecular mass estimated. The validity of new class of highly effective drugs, which may be produced basing on the principles studied, was substantiated considering that histones exhibit the transport properties and are able to augment hematoencephalic barrier permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Functional role of the amino-terminal mobile segment in catalysis by porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. Critical importance of Val17 and Phe18 for productive binding of substrates.

A notable feature of porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase is the closure of the active site cleft by a mobile amino-terminal segment (residues 15-40) upon binding substrate. The functional roles of Val17 and Phe18, residues that are part of the mobile loop, have been studied in the site-directed mutants in which the size and hydrophobic nature of these residues have been changed. Absorption, circular dichroism spectra, susceptibility to protease 401, and thermal stability did not differ appreciably between wild type and mutant enzymes. In the overall transamination between aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate, V17A represented a typical Km mutant while V17I retained the substrate binding affinity fairly well. In contrast, replacement of Phe18 by Ala resulted in a large decrease in both catalytic rate and binding affinity for substrates. F18W, F18Y, and F18H showed a moderate decrease in kcat and a considerable increase in Km values. Single-turnover reactions with four individual substrates yielded analogous results to those obtained for the overall reaction and, in addition, revealed that k/Kd values of mutants F18A and F18H were over 10 times lower for C5 substrates (glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate) than those for C4 substrates (aspartate and oxalacetate). All mutant enzymes showed variously increased Kd values for substrate analogs such as 2-methylaspartate, succinate, and glutarate. 1H NMR observations of F18H, in which His18 served as a built-in probe, were in accord with the behavior that would be expected from the conformational transition. We conclude that, although Val17 and Phe18 may not be essential for catalysis, the presence of a bulky residue of appropriate size at each position is critical for productive binding of substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

NMR studies of 1H resonances in the 10-18-ppm range for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.

Continuing a previous investigation (Kintanar, A., Metzler, C. M., Metzler, D. E., and Scott, R. D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 17222-17229), we have recorded 1H NMR spectra at 500 MHz in the 10-18-ppm range for the 93-kDa porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and for four specific mutant forms of the enzyme in which histidine 68 has been replaced by lysine or histidine 143, 189, or 193 has been replaced by glutamine. We have correlated resonances for apoenzyme, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal phosphate forms, and dicarboxylate complexes and have assigned imidazole NH resonances of active site histidines. The chemical shifts of several resonances undergo pH-dependent changes around the pKa of the Schiff base proton at the active site. Other resonances shift upon binding of dicarboxylates or other ligands. Phosphate or carboxylate ions, which can also occupy the site of the substrate's alpha-carboxylate, cause rapid exchange of the Schiff base proton. Although most resonances in the 10-18-ppm range disappear rapidly in D2O, a few are retained for months in the presence of the dicarboxylate inhibitor glutarate. We demonstrate that changes in chemical shifts and in exchange rates are sensitive indicators of electronic interactions of the enzyme with ligands and of conformational change. Nuclear Overhauser effects from NH protons have allowed us to identify resonances of CH protons of the imidazole rings of histidines 143, 189, and 193. Observed and predicted chemical shifts have been compared. We conclude that the net charge on this histidine cluster is zero but that some negative charge from the aspartate 222 carboxylate is donated inductively into the histidine 143 ring. Studies of the related enzyme from Escherichia coli are provided in an accompanying paper (Metzler, D. E., Metzler, C. M., Scott, R. D., Mollova, E. T., Kagamiyama, H., Yano, T., Kuramitsu, S., Hayashi, H., Hirotsu, K., and Miyahara, I. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28027-28033). Our approach should be applicable to the study of active sites of a broad range of relatively large proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The determination of Krebs cycle carboxylic acids in the ejaculate by chromatography].

The authors suggest a highly informative and unsophisticated method of gas liquid chromatography of lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, butyric, malonic, succinic, glutaric, fumaric, oxalacetic, malic, alpha-ketoglutaric, cis-aconitic, tartaric, citric and isocitric acids in the ejaculate of infertile and fertile men and in testicles of experimental animals. The method is recommended for research and clinical studies of the metabolic processes associated with the functioning of the Krebs' cycle acids in the seminal fluid of infertile patients.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMed1993

[The use of lanthanum ions for assessing the status of erythrocyte membranes].

To evaluate the condition of red cell membranes, a new method is proposed basing on the degree of their aggregation after La ions stimulation. The aggregation of intact red cells differs from that of cells with low ATP, treated with glutaric aldehyde, proteolytic enzymes, in various pH. The above differences are observed in the range of LaCl suspension concentrations from 20 to 330 microM.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of disinfectants against biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The effect of disinfectants on biofilm cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. Biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa were eradicated by 0.4 to 0.5% chlorhexidine and 2% glutaral within 1 min, by 0.3% chlorhexidine, 0.5% benzalkonium chloride, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, and 0.1% titratable I2 providone-iodine within 10 min, and by 0.2% chlorhexidine, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, and 0.01% sodium hypochlorite within 30 min. However, 0.1% chlorhexidine and 0.1 to 0.5% alkyldiaminoethyl glycine were ineffective for eradication even after 1 h. Eradication of biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa by disinfectants required much longer time than that of planktonic cells in suspensions. The bactericidal effect of disinfectants against biofilm cells was found to be considerably enhanced by increasing the concentrations of the disinfectants.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1994

[Chemical reactions in double-helical nucleic acids. XVI. Synthesis of DNA-duplexes containing regularly repeating transverse covalent cross- links].

Two self-complementary decadeoxyribonucleotides TAATGC*ATTA (where C* is a derivative of 5-methyl cytosine with a carboxy- or aminofunction attached through a spacer to the exocyclic amino group) were synthesized. Carbodiimide induced condensation of the amino and carboxyl groups in the opposite strands to give the crosslinks with a yield up to 20%. Cross-linking of two opposite strands in the duplex formed by the self-complementary aliphatic amino group-containing decanucleotide was performed with the use of glutaric aldehyde with a similar efficiency. The structure of the dimers obtained and position of the crosslinks were confirmed by the Maxam--Gilbert method. Efficiencies of the T4 DNA ligase-induced polycondensations of the double-stranded modified decanucleotides and of the cross-linked products differed significantly.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Movement disorders in miscellaneous disorders--inherited metabolic diseases].

A variety of inheritable metabolic disorders produce movement disorders. A lists of conditions associated with tremor, athetosis, chorea, dystonia and myoclonus are presented as a guide for the differential diagnosis of such abnormal involuntary movements. The list includes aminoacidopathies, lipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, organic acidemias, mitochondrial cytopathies and disorders of carbohydrate, purine, and metal metabolism. Clinical, pathological and biochemical features of movement disorders of three typical examples, Wilson's disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and glutaric acidemia type 1, are described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative electron-microscopic study of 8 representatives of the genus Corynebacterium grown on solid nutrient medium during the stationary phase of development].

After 18 hours of growth on selective serum-agar medium C diphtheriae cultures with different toxicogenic activity, and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's baccillus cultures were removed, washed of the remnants of the nutrient medium and fixed under cold conditions by two combined methods (with glutaric aldehyde-osmic acid--uranyl acetate, and potassium permeanganate--uranyl acetate). The preparations were studied in ultrathin sections. It appeared that corynebacteria had during the stationary phase of development a general structural plan characteristic of Gram positive microorganisms and for all the corynebacterium genus. Cells of diphtheria toxicognic strains had signs of the accelerated (in comparison with other strains) rate of development; the principal mass of toxicogenic cells after 18 hours of growth had morphological signs of the stage of rest. The majority of cells whose toxicogenicity was inconstant had an extensive microcapsule which was also a characteristic element of the diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus ultrastructure. The total thickness of the walls in the cells of toxicogenic strains and of the strains whose toxicogenicity was inconstant constituted 190-200 A; in nontoxicogenic strains, diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus it was from 230 to 320 A. Surface structures of corynebacteria were differentiated better in the cells with toxicogenic activity. In the majority of cells of nontoxicogenic strains and also diphtheroid and Hoffmann's bacillus individual wall layers were differentiated with difficulty.

Cell Wall↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolism in experimental chronic ischemic heart disease].

An increase in frequency of heart contractions, changes in the bioelectrical heart activity and decrease of the force-pump heart function are observed in the rabbits with model chronic ischemic heart disease lipid metabolism in significantly changed the concentration of cholesterol in the right ventricle myocardium as well as the concentrations of unsaturated lipid acids in the heart tissues increase, while the content of saturated lipid acids and antioxidant activity of plasma decrease. Bioenergetic processes change as follows: succinate-dehydrogenase and alpha-keto-glutarate-dehydrogenase activity decrease, while the concentrations of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acids and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the heart tissues increase.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of optimal conditions for the electron-cytochemical detection of ATPase activity in isolated nuclei].

The optimal conditions are selected for electron-cytochemical detection of the ATPase activity in nuclei of the skeletal muscles of rabbits and nuclei of Vicia faba L. meristem. It is shown that the previous fixation of nuclei in the rabbit skeletal muscle for 10 min in a mixture of the buffer solutions of 4% glutaric dialdehyde and 4% neutral formalin (1:1) causes a decrease in their ATPase activity by 78% in the medium containing Mg2+ and by 34% - in the medium containing Ca2+; in nuclei of horse bean seedlings meristem it lowers respectively by 28 and 16%. Ions of lead in a concentration of 0.4 mM evoke a decrease in the ATPase activity in the medium containing Mg2+, in nuclei of the rabbit skeletal muscles by 35% and in nuclei of horse bean meristem by 15% in the medium containing Ca2+. The vaule of the residual activity is sufficient for detection of the product of ATP enzymic hydrolysis reaction by activity is sufficient for detection of the product of ATP enzymic hydrolysis reaction by the method of electronic cytochemistry. An increase in the Pb2+ concentration higher than 2.8 mM evokes nonenzymic hydrolysis of ATP. The ATPase activity under the electron-cytochemical study is found within the range of pH 6.3-8.5. The product of reaction forms most intensively at pH 7.2-7.5 in the medium with both Mg2+ and Ca2+.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non-ketotic hypoglycemia caused by carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 deficiency].

A 9-year-old girl was referred to our hospital after recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, altered consciousness and persistent vomiting without acetonemia or myopathic symptoms. Other pertinent laboratory data included elevated BUN, hyperammonemia and very low levels of triglycerides with elevated free fatty acids. The patient was born from unaffected but related parents (second cousins) and the illness was previously diagnosed as Reye encephalopathy. Recurrence of similar attacks suggested an underlying metabolic disorder. Several syndromes of impaired FFA beta oxidation were taken into account and discarded successively after laboratory investigations: systemic carnitine deficiency, Medium and Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase deficiency and Multiple Acyl CoA Dehydrogenation deficiency (Glutaric aciduria, Ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria and riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenation deficiency). Urinary and hematic gas-chromatography and Mass-Spectrometry show no abnormality in Medium Chain fatty acids and in C6-C10 dicarboxylic acids. Carnitine plasma concentrations (both total and free) were above normal levels while in urine acetyl carnitine was low in respect to longer acyclic radicals. Among metabolic defects located at the level of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, only Carnitine Transferase deficiency can explain this peculiar mosaic of data (precursors of the blocked reaction are elevated in blood whereas lack of the metabolites derived uniquely from this reaction explains all the clinical manifestations).

Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase↗
PubMed1993

Dysmyelinating and demyelinating conditions in infancy.

The myelin membrane is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses through the central nervous system. Failure of myelination--dysmyelination--may arise through several mechanisms. The synthesis of a particular myelin protein can be defective, as occurs for proteolipid protein in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and for myelin basic protein in the 18q- syndrome. Delay in myelination with a more generalized diminution in white matter is characteristic of many inherited metabolic diseases, including galactosemia, pyridoxine-dependent seizure disorder, glutaric aciduria type 1, and infantile Refsum disease. Demyelination or breakdown in myelin is characteristic of metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, mitochondrial disorders, adrenoleukodystrophy, Canavan disease, Alexander disease, and orthochromatic leukodystrophy. A fourth category is reserved for malformation syndromes. These include Cockayne, Fukuyama, Walker-Warburg, and Angelman syndromes. Demyelination also occurs in HIV-infected individuals with central nervous system findings and in multiple sclerosis. Much of the evidence for leukodystrophy in these disorders comes from neuroimaging. Some of these disorders are treatable.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1996

[Oxidation of human hemoglobin].

The processes of nonreversible autooxidation and chemical oxidation of human hemoglobin have been studied. The rate of autooxidation increased in the presence of SH-group containing compounds and Fe2+ ions. Modification of oxyhemoglobin by glutaric and malonic dialdehydes also increased both the rate of autooxidation and oxygen affinity. Modification of SH-groups of Cys-93 beta in hemoglobin increased the rate of autooxidation but decreased the rate of hemoglobin oxidation by potassium ferricyanide. The activation energy of chemical oxidation of hemoglobin at temperatures above 24 degrees C was 39 +/- 5 kJ/mol.

Ferrous Compounds↗