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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Identifying exposures of in vitro fertilization from drug reimbursement files: a case study from Finland.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes an innovative method to identify infertility interventions from drug reimbursement data, which did not contain diagnoses. METHODS: An algorithm of usual infertility care steps was designed and information on drug prescriptions were retrieved from the Drug Reimbursement Register and linked to a register covering examinations and interventions in private health care. The data were compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) statistics and the Birth Register. RESULTS: Despite the novelty of the idea, the complexity of the pharmacological details, the use of administrative registers not commonly used for research, and the involvement of two institutions, the identification of the exposed cohorts went well. An estimated 16 work-weeks were used. The numbers of started IVF-cycles with fresh embryos were similar to those in statistics, but our data had more transfers of frozen embryos. The linkage to the Birth Register gave further support that our algorithm worked well. Classification into different IVF-classes was not accurate. CONCLUSION: Even though diagnoses were not recorded in the Finnish drug reimbursement data, the algorithm approach allowed exposure identification.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Changes in early psychosis service provision: a file audit.

OBJECTIVE: To measure change in services provided to young people with first-episode psychosis following the introduction of specialized early psychosis teams and staff training. METHOD: A standardized tool was developed to audit services provided to young people with first-episode psychosis. The tool initially comprised 27 clinical indicators measuring aspects of optimal care derived from the Australian clinical guidelines for early psychosis. The first 12 months of treatment, as documented in the case records, were audited for all young people receiving their first treatment for psychosis during a 6-month period prior to the introduction of these service developments (n = 47). These subjects were compared with those who received treatment after the implementation of service development strategies (n = 70). A comparison was also made within the second group, between those receiving some treatment from a specialized early psychosis team and those being exclusively treated by other services. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was achieved for 24 of the 27 indicators. Improvements were found on 10 indicators which measured psychosocial interventions, prescribing practices, family interventions and continuity of care. There was no significant deterioration on any of the indicators. Clients who attended early psychosis teams were significantly more likely to receive psychoeducation. CONCLUSIONS: The services increased their provision of "guideline concordant" care for early psychosis. The audit proved useful to monitor performance, to demonstrate improvements in care and to identify those areas of service provision and documentation in need of improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Registration using tomographic projection files.

An algorithm has been developed and experimentally verified for tomographic registration--a patient positioning method using internal anatomy and standard external fiducial marks. This algorithm improves patient set-up and verification to an accuracy sufficient for tomotherapy. By implementation of this technique, the time-consuming reconstruction process is avoided. Instead, offsets in the x, y and z directions are determined directly from sinogram data by an algorithm that utilizes cross-correlations and Fourier transforms. To verify the efficiency and stability of the algorithm, data were collected on the University of Wisconsin's dedicated tomotherapy research workbench. The experiment indicates offset statistical errors of less than +/-0.8 mm for offsets up to 30 mm. With standard clinical techniques, initial patient offsets are expected to be less than 5 mm, so the 30 mm limitation is of no consequence. The angular resolution for the direction of patient translation is within the +/-2 degrees needed for tomotherapy.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Use of multiple-cause mortality data in epidemiologic analyses: US rate and proportion files developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the National Cancer Institute.

The authors have created US mortality rates (age, sex, race, and calendar-time specific) and proportions, using multiple cause-of-death data, for the years 1960-1989. Multiple cause-of-death data include the usual underlying cause of death from the death certificate as well as contributory causes and other significant conditions. US multiple-cause rates and proportions enable the user to calculate the expected occurrences of disease on the death certificates of a cohort under study. There is an average of 2.66 causes and/or contributory conditions listed on US death certificates, increasing over time from 2.54 in the 1960s to 2.76 in the 1980s. The ratio of multiple-cause listings to underlying cause listings varies by disease, from low ratios for cancers to high ratios for diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, prostate disease, hypertension, pneumoconiosis, and renal disease. Use of these data is illustrated with two cohorts. Multiple-cause analysis (but not underlying cause analysis) revealed twofold significant excesses of renal disease and arthritis among granite cutters. For workers exposed to dioxin, neither multiple-cause nor underlying cause analysis indicated any excess of diabetes, an outcome of a priori interest. Good candidates for multiple-cause analysis are diseases that are of long duration, not necessarily fatal, yet serious enough to be listed on the death certificate.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1998

SPEM: a parser for EMBL style flat file database entries.

SUMMARY: We present a set of Perl modules for the flexible and robust parsing and editing of EMBL/SWISS-PROT databases. AVAILABILITY: The Web page at http://www.sanger.ac. uk/Software/PerlModule/ provides information about downloading the SPEM and PrEMBL modules, and provides links to documentation and example code.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed2004

YAdumper: extracting and translating large information volumes from relational databases to structured flat files.

Downloading the information stored in relational databases into XML and other flat formats is a common task in bioinformatics. This periodical dumping of information requires considerable CPU time, disk and memory resources. YAdumper has been developed as a purpose-specific tool to deal with the integral structured information download of relational databases. YAdumper is a Java application that organizes database extraction following an XML template based on an external Document Type Declaration. Compared with other non-native alternatives, YAdumper substantially reduces memory requirements and considerably improves writing performance.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of cefodizime: a review of the data on file.

Cefodizime is a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin which may be administered iv or im. The absolute bioavailability im is almost 100%. The mean volume of distribution is approximately 6.2-8.51. Protein binding of cefodizime is 73-89% over the plasma concentration range. Cefodizime penetrates into several tissues and body fluids such as lung, sputum, pleural and ascitic fluids, prostate, kidney, and urine to give concentrations often exceeding the MICs of susceptible pathogens. Total body clearance is low (35-52 ml/min) and clearance is predominantly renal with up to 80% of an iv dose recovered unchanged in the urine. The pharmacokinetics are linear within the range of doses studied (0.5-2 g). The plasma concentration profile is best described by a triple exponential function. The ranges of half-lives reported are as follows: the distribution half-life is 0.2-0.5 h (accounting for 6-15% of the AUC), the beta half-life is 1.5-2.1 h (accounting for 56-76% of the AUC), and the terminal (gamma) half-life is 3.9-7.9 h (accounting for 18-43% of the AUC) After 2 g bd for five days in healthy volunteers, steady state was reached on the second administration, and no accumulation of the drug was noted. The total clearance is about 20% less in elderly subjects than in young adults, but no dosing adjustment is needed in the elderly. The pharmacokinetic profile is significantly altered in patients with a creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min (three- to five-fold increase in half-life). Accordingly, the dose should be reduced to 50% of normal, at the same dosing interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2001

Quantitation of morphine and codeine in human urine using high-filed asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with mass spectrometric detection.

Morphine and codeine have been identified and measured in a human urine matrix using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) in a tandem combination with electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The addition of helium to the nitrogen carrier gas resulted in a substantial improvement in the sensitivity of the ESI-FAIMS-MS instrument for the determination of morphine and codeine. Limits of detection in human urine were 60 ng/mL for morphine and 20 ng/mL for codeine with no clean-up, derivatization, or chromatographic separation of the sample prior to analysis.

Codeine↗