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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Plant growth promotion and fungicidal activity in a siderophore-producing strain of Proteus sp.

A proteus strain inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. Seed bacterization showed significant plant growth promotion and Fusarium-wilt suppression activity of Phaseolus mungo in a gnotobiotic system. The culture filtrate of this strain exhibited three prominent bands in UV-VIS spectra between 300 and 400 nm. The growth promotion assay of the extracted compound against different indicator organisms indicated the production of a compound related to a 2-oxoacid-type siderophore. The HPLC of the purified ethyl acetate extract of the strains and standard 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (2-oxoisocaproate) revealed a single peak, similarly as the coinjection of the extract and the standard. The production of siderophore, probably 2-oxoisocaproate, was demonstrated.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1997

Disruption of the phosphate-starvation response of oilseed rape suspension cells by the fungicide phosphonate.

The influence of the anti-fungal agent phosphonate (Phi) on the response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Jet Neuf) cell suspensions to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation was examined. Subculture of the cells for 7 d in the absence of Pi increased acid phosphate (APase; EC 3.1.3.2) and pyrophosphate (PPi)-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP; EC 2.7.1.90) activities by 4.5- and 2.8-fold, respectively, and led to a 19-fold increase in Vmax and a 14-fold decrease in Km (Pi) and Pi uptake. Addition of 2 mM Pi to the nutrient media caused dramatic reductions in the growth and Pi content of the Pi-starved, but not Pi-sufficient cells, and largely abolished the Pi-starvation-dependent induction of PFP, APase, and the high-affinity plasmalemma Pi translocator. Immunoblotting indicated the cells contain three APase isoforms that are synthesized de novo following Pi stress, and that Pi treatment represses this process. Phosphonate treatment of Pi-starved cells significantly altered the relative extent of in-vivo 32P-labelling of polypeptides having M(rs) of 66, 55, 45 and 40 kDa. However, Phi had no effect on the total adenylate pool of Pi-starved cells which was about 32% lower than that of Pi-sufficient cells by day 7. Soluble protein levels, and activities of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) were unaffected by Pi starvation and/or Phi treatment. The effects of Phi on the growth, and APase and PFP activities of Pi-starved B. napus seedlings were similar to those observed in the suspension cells. The results re consistent with the hypothesis that a primary site of Phi action in higher plants is at the level of the signal transduction chain by which plants perceive and respond to Pi stress at the molecular level.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

Fourth-derivative spectrophotometric determination of fungicide ferbam (iron(III) dimethyldithiocarbamate) in a commercial sample and wheat grains using 2,2'-bipyridyl.

A procedure has been developed for the direct fourth-derivative spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) dimethyldithiocarbamate by converting it into an iron(II) 2,2'-bipyridyl complex, which is then dissolved in Triton X-100. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.5-20 microg mL(-1 )in the final solution. Various parameters such as the effect of pH and interference of large number of ions on the determination of ferbam have been studied in detail. The method is sensitive, highly selective and can be used for the determination of ferbam in a commercial sample and in mixtures with various dithiocarbamates (ziram, zineb, maneb, etc.) and from wheat grains.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Reasons for the decomposition of the fungicide thiram during preparation of fruit and vegetable samples and consequences for residue analysis.

The concentration of thiram in aqueous solution decreases by 50-75% within 20 min in the presence of cut pieces of apple, cucumber or celeriac with a section surface area of 160 cm2 each. The decomposition rate is predominantly influenced by the section surface area of the cut fruit and vegetable samples. Denaturing reaction conditions (exchange of the solvent water by methanol; boiling of sample material) will significantly slow down the decomposition rate. It was concluded that the thiram decomposition had been caused by enzymes on the section surface of the fruit and vegetable samples. For a specific determination of thiram, a simple rinsing of the intact fruit and vegetable material was appropriate as extraction method. For the screening of thiram residues, the often used Keppel method, which determines CS2 from thiram or dithiocarbamates seems to be applicable even if samples had been coarsely cut, since decomposition of the CS2-forming intermediates is slower than the breakdown of thiram itself. Therefore, specific determination of thiram is necessary only, if maximum residue limits for dithiocarbamates are not adhered to.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1996

Pentafluorobenzylation of the fungicide metabolite fenpropimorphic acid for GC/MS investigations of soil samples.

For the determination of fenpropimorphic acid in soil samples, a derivatization step with pentafluorobenzylbromide has been established in order to perform GC/MS with negative chemical ionization. In spite of forming the electrophilic pentafluorobenzyl ester, only the fenpropimophic acid anion was detected. Additional derivatization reactions with diazomethane and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol showed that the formation of this acid anion was depending on the leaving group. In comparison with the determination of the methyl ester with GC/MS and electron impact ionization, the detection limit was however improved from 10 microg/kg to 2 microg/kg dry soil and the analytical quality was ensured due to higher stability of the pentafluorobenzyl ester standards.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Fungicidal and cytotoxic activity of a Capsicum chinense defensin expressed by endothelial cells.

Plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides that exhibit mainly antifungal activity against a broad range of plant fungal pathogens. However, their actions against Candida albicans have not been extensively studied. The mRNA for gamma-thionin, a defensin from Capsicum chinense, has been expressed in bovine endothelial cells. The conditioned medium of these cells showed antifungal activity on germ tube formation (60-70% of inhibition) and on the viability of C. albicans (70-80% of inhibition). Additionally, C. albicans was not able to penetrate transfected cells. Conditioned medium from these cells also inhibited the viability (80%) of the human tumor cell line, HeLa.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of fungicidal efficacy of benzalkonium chloride (Steramina G u.v.) and Virkon-S against Microsporum canis for environmental disinfection.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Steramina G u.v. (10% solution of alkyldimetylbenzylammonium chloride; Formenti Grünenthal) and Virkon-S (multipurpose system; Antec International) against Microsporum canis-infected hairs and spores. Samples were collected from a random sample of household cats and from subjects from catteries. Seventy M. canis-positive hairbrushes containing furs, keratin scales and other organic material were treated with each of the two disinfectants, using concentrations recommended by the manufacturer's instructions (2% and 1% for Steramina G u.v. and Virkon-S, respectively). Each brush remained in contact with the antifungal solution for 10 min. After this period, the brushes were air-dried, then seeded into mycobiotic agar, and incubated for up to 21 days at 28 degrees C. The disinfectants were considered effective if dermatophytes failed to grow. Steramina G u.v. was effective in 97.14% of samples and Virkon-S in 87.14%. The antifungal activity of Steramina G u.v. against M. canis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of Virkon-S.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cecropins, antibacterial peptides from insects and mammals, are potently fungicidal against Candida albicans.

Natural products are the major source of lead compounds for drugs against human pathogens. Among the first natural peptides from animals for which a potent antibacterial activity has been recognized were the cecropins. The 30- to 40-residue alpha-helical peptides display their activity by permeabilizing the membranes of bacteria. Although originally isolated from insect hemolymph, a structural and functional correlate was also found in a mammal. Here, we report on the finding that cecropin A and B from the silk moth Cecropia as well as the porcine cecropin P1 are capable of inhibiting the growth of and to kill yeast-phase Candida albicans. The peptides were tested in radial diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. They displayed potent activity against a clinical isolate as well as against defined culture strains of the pathogenic yeast but are of exceedingly low cytotoxicity towards the human cell line Jurkat. The candidacidal properties of the intensely studied molecules known to be highly active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria may renew the interest in these natural broad-spectrum peptide antibiotics and their limited cytotoxicity to human cells may be exploited for the development of topical therapeutics against pathogens resistant to classical antibiotics.

Animals↗