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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The medical department in military operations other than war. Part II: Medical Civic Assistance Program in Southeast Asia.

It is a short trip by air from Bangkok, Thailand, to Phnom Penh, Cambodia, but a dramatic contrast. A Medical Civic Assistance Program (MEDCAP) visit was conducted in conjunction with Exercise Flash Canoe 97, the first U.S. Navy mission to Cambodia in more than 22 years. Nearly 3,000 patients were seen by the MEDCAP team members. Medical and dental care, medications, educational materials, and training were provided. The mission was an exceptional training opportunity for U.S. Medical Department personnel, who learned to function outside of the hospital and clinic environment and to deal with limited logistic backup, austere field conditions, a hostile environment, and an overwhelming number of patients, many of them with infectious diseases. Cambodia lacks public health infrastructure and has uncertain communications, difficult travel conditions, and an unstable political climate. Using the planning checklists described in Part I, the team completed the "in-country" part of the mission with minimal logistic and support problems, maximizing the effectiveness of the health care providers. The MEDCAP is an important instrument of U.S. foreign policy and friendship with other peoples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Sociological aspects of cleft palate adults: IV. Social integration.

The patterns of social integration of adults with primary and secondary groups were evaluated for 196 adult cleft subjects, their 190 siblings and 209 random controls. Results indicated that cleft adults tended to rely on the extended family for mutual aid and social activities. They also participated less frequently in voluntary associations and relied on a few one-to-one friendships. Social activities tended to be that of informal visiting patterns. While it would be inaccurate to characterize the cleft adult family as grossly different from other American families, they are a definable population experiencing some degree of limitation associated with having a cleft.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The relationship among John Henryism, hostility, perceived stress, social support, and blood pressure in African-American college students.

African Americans' rates of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality are several times that of white Americans. A number of behavioral and psychological variables may influence these differences. John Henryism, characterized by active coping to overcome obstacles, is one such variable. Prior research indicates that among highly educated individuals, high levels of John Henryism may be associated with decreased hypertension risk. The purpose of this study was to identify a cohort of well-educated African Americans to establish a baseline examination of the relationships between John Henryism, hostility, perceived stress, social support and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively). Participants completed measures of study variables and resting blood pressures were taken. Results indicated that high family and friendship support were related to reports of lowered levels of stress (P<.001). Family support was associated with decreased risk for elevated DBP (P<.05). A positive association between hostility and DBP was found (P<.01). Perceived stress was negatively associated with SBP (P<.05), but did not have an independent effect on DBP. Similarly, no interactive effects of John Henryism and perceived stress were found on blood pressure. Examination of this cohort over time will reveal the impact of John Henryism and other variables on blood pressure elevations and hypertension.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Looking into the factors affecting renal patients' quality of life.

Quality of life, according to Horquist is "the extent to which one's needs are satisfied, in the context of physical, psychological, social and environmental conditions" (I). Self-esteem is the basic element of a good quality of life. Health-related quality of life consists of a number of components; including family relationships, friendships, finances, physical and psychological status, adjustment to therapy and feeling of security during the treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three electives.

Electives are an important part of students' education and often provide long-lasting memories and friendships, as well as knowledge. The following three accounts are of students who spent their electives in Sweden, Finland and Romania. They report on their experiences abroad, what they learnt from them and draw comparisons with the healthcare system in the United Kingdom.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Help seeking in a support group for recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and their support persons.

PURPOSE: To understand shared meanings of help-seeking experiences in support groups of people with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and their support persons. SETTING: ICD support group at an urban medical center. SAMPLE: Fifteen individuals with ICD and 9 support persons. RESULTS: Six related themes and 1 constitutive pattern emerged. Themes included hearing and telling stories, help seeking encouraged by triggers, seeking meaningful information, forming a therapeutic friendship through group camaraderie, gaining assistance from the facilitator, and the sharing of a similar view by support persons. The constitutive pattern is coping with the possibility of death. IMPLICATIONS: Health care providers may recommend storytelling as the central mechanism of interactions in support groups that assist in coping with daily anxieties of living with an ICD. Nurses would be appropriate facilitators to guide discussion, to provide technical information, and to promote anticipatory guidance in coping with potential firing events.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Do birds of a feather flock together? The variable bases for African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents' selection of similar friends.

Variability in adolescent-friend similarity is documented in a diverse sample of African American, Asian American, and European American adolescents. Similarity was greatest for substance use, modest for academic orientations, and low for ethnic identity. Compared with Asian American and European American adolescents, African American adolescents chose friends who were less similar with respect to academic orientation or substance use but more similar with respect to ethnic identity. For all three ethnic groups, personal endorsement of the dimension in question and selection of cross-ethnic-group friends heightened similarity. Similarity was a relative rather than an absolute selection criterion: Adolescents did not choose friends with identical orientations. These findings call for a comprehensive theory of friendship selection sensitive to diversity in adolescents' experiences. Implications for peer influence and self-development are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Providing clinical opportunities for youths affected by HIV.

Individual counseling, as invaluable as it is for HIV-affected youth, is just one forum in which young people can receive clinical assistance. The youth-centered programs noted previously and others carried out in various agencies around the country offer HIV-affected youth an opportunity to receive clinical experiences while focusing on their strengths and interests. A nonthreatening atmosphere in which many children are invited to participate is essential for helping young people feel comfortable and connected to the agency. When children develop friendships through the agency, they can begin to feel less alone in their situation and more willing to reach out to others--clinicians and peers--for help. An increased trust in the agency can help HIV-affected young people maintain an ongoing connection to services and open the door to traditional counseling. As children become more engaged in the agency and begin to develop a sense of ownership, they may want to take on more responsibility. Leadership programs that focus on young people's skills and talents can help establish the agency as a place that is safe for youths on their own terms. That may involve activities such as older children serving as mentors for younger ones, performing community projects in their neighborhoods, doing outreach to help connect more people to the programs, or designing and running their own conferences for youth. Collaboration with other agencies for special projects can help link children to additional programs and to other youth, thus decreasing their isolation. Childhood and adolescence is a time of rapid changes accompanied by emotional fluctuations. Young people feel emotions intensely, but often lack the cognitive ability necessary to articulate them. When a young person is coping with the illness or death of a parent from AIDS in addition to all the pressures and changes in life, the experience of growing up is even more difficult and complicated. The emotional flux, confusion, and life transitions can lead to impulsive and self-destructive behavior. But childhood and adolescence is also a time of heightened energy, creativity, resilience, and hope. Programs for HIV-affected youth need to balance the attention paid to the challenges they face and the strengths they possess. When allowed to grow and shine, affected young people may begin to express some of their emotional needs. Caring workers can then help them make sense of their experiences and mature into the successful adults they all have the potential to become.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mentoring: women learning from others.

Informal mentoring allows a relationship to evolve naturally over time much like a friendship, without an official obligation or commitment to coach someone. However, some women prefer a more formal, organizationally driven approach to mentoring. In either case, both represent an opportunity to learn and grow. In Learning from Other Women, Carolyn Duff interviewed many women to understand their expectations, preferences, and experiences. Mentoring, Duff says, "begins with affinity between two people, but the focus remains around work. It's a magical thing that happens when one person sees something in another person and wants to help that person grow." This column explores some of the barriers, as well as how to ask for help and benefit from a mentor. Whether you like the word "mentoring" or not, whether your organization has a formal program or not, always be thinking about how you can learn from others. Keep your eyes and mind open, look around to see who is doing what you want to do.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Children with disabilities, families with a disabled child and social policy].

In this article the author described three social movements by families with a disabled child: (1) respite services which refresh family members by a short-term relief care in a local region, (2) after-school activities in which children with disabilities participate in recreation activities and built up a friendship with non-disabled people in neighborhood, and (3) schooling of children with special health care which enables the children to attend unaccompanied by mothers until after-school hours. The author's analysis indicated that a social policy for the people with disabilities and their families should consider other dimensions which may be influenced by the social policy. This is because different social settings (e.g. home, school, family) are interdependent and that events and changes in one unit have an effect on other social settings.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Surgeons under stress: what pastoral care should the college provide?

From 15-18 September 1999, the Travelling Surgical Society celebrated its 75th anniversary with a meeting in London for 37 member surgeons, culminating in a dinner at The Royal College of Surgeons of England attended by 140 people. During the dinner, RCS President, Mr Barry Jackson, spoke on behalf of the guests, commenting on the many activities of the TSS, including nine visits to Paris which appeared to lack any social relaxation until he came across a reference from an account in 1938: 'on this occasion we did not attend the Moulin Rouge'. Mr Jackson concluded his speech by presenting the TSS with a copy of a book he had received from the estate of the late Mr R W (Bob) Nevin, one-time Dean of St Thomas's Hospital Medical School and a former President of the TSS, who had signed the fly-leaf. Entitled Truants--The Story of Some who Deserted Medicine Yet Triumphed, the book was written by Lord Moynihan based on the Linacre lecture he delivered in Cambridge in 1936, the year of his death. The President of the TSS expressed warm thanks, emphasized friendship and education as being essential ingredients of travelling societies and sent greetings to the College on its forthcoming bicentenary.

England↗
PubMed2000

Danger zone. When boundaries are crossed in the doctor-patient relationship.

BACKGROUND: The most obvious boundary violations in medicine are sexual. However, the areas of time management, drug prescribing, accepting gifts, friendships with patients and treating friends also pose ethical dilemmas. Where boundaries lie and how to avoid crossing them can be difficult judgments to make. OBJECTIVE: To examine the issue of boundaries in the doctor-patient relationship and to discuss strategies for avoiding and managing boundary violations. DISCUSSION: The broad concepts of respect for autonomy and avoiding harm to patients and doctors by violating boundaries appears self evident. Where these boundaries lie can appear less clear cut in the detail of individual relationships between doctor and patient. Communicating well with patients about the need for clinical examinations and maintaining objectivity in the doctor-patient relationship is important. Avoiding and managing boundary violations involves awareness of potential hazards, tact and good judgment.

Australia↗
PubMed2000

[A very special friend. The imaginary playmate].

Imaginary companions are common in childhood and adolescence. However, little research has been conducted on this phenomenon, and the significance and functions of imaginary companions remain poorly understood. Conceptions about the psychopathological consequences of having an imaginary companion predominate. This contribution provides an overview of the current state of research and an analysis of five different functions a child's or adolescent's imaginary companion may fulfill. Developmental changes in reality-testing, fantasies, and creativity are linked with this phenomenon as are changes in socio-emotional development and in friendship conceptions. The positive, stimulating function of an imaginary companion for further development is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Early adolescent peer orientation and adjustment during high school.

The long-term consequences of early adolescents' orientation toward peers for their adjustment during high school were assessed. Approximately 1,200 adolescents completed questionnaires in the 7th grade and in the 10th or 12th grades; course grades were also obtained from the students' school records. Early adolescents who were willing to sacrifice their talents, school performance, and parents' rules engaged in greater problem behavior and evidenced lower academic achievement than did other adolescents during high school. The poorer adjustment of adolescents with this extreme orientation toward peers was mediated by their reported involvement in deviant peer groups. In contrast, a tendency to seek advice from peers more than from parents during early adolescence had little implication for later adjustment. Discussion focuses on the need to consider the role of peer dependence along with the effects of supportive friendships during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Child-parent attachment and children's peer relations: a quantitative review.

The central premise of attachment theory is that the security of the early child-parent bond is reflected in the child's interpersonal relationships across the life span. This meta-analysis was based on 63 studies that reported correlations between child-parent attachment and children's peer relations. The overall effect size (ES) for child-mother attachment was in the small-to-moderate range and was quite homogeneous. ESs were similar in studies that featured the Strange Situation and Q-sort methods. The effects were larger for peer relations in middle childhood and adolescence than for peer relations in early childhood. ESs were also higher for studies that focused on children's close friendships rather than on relations with other peers. Gender and cultural differences in ESs were minimal. The results for the few studies on father-child attachment were inconclusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of home computer use on children's activities and development.

The increasing amount of time children are spending on computers at home and school has raised questions about how the use of computer technology may make a difference in their lives--from helping with homework to causing depression to encouraging violent behavior. This article provides an overview of the limited research on the effects of home computer use on children's physical, cognitive, and social development. Initial research suggests, for example, that access to computers increases the total amount of time children spend in front of a television or computer screen at the expense of other activities, thereby putting them at risk for obesity. At the same time, cognitive research suggests that playing computer games can be an important building block to computer literacy because it enhances children's ability to read and visualize images in three-dimensional space and track multiple images simultaneously. The limited evidence available also indicates that home computer use is linked to slightly better academic performance. The research findings are more mixed, however, regarding the effects on children's social development. Although little evidence indicates that the moderate use of computers to play games has a negative impact on children's friendships and family relationships, recent survey data show that increased use of the Internet may be linked to increases in loneliness and depression. Of most concern are the findings that playing violent computer games may increase aggressiveness and desensitize a child to suffering, and that the use of computers may blur a child's ability to distinguish real life from simulation. The authors conclude that more systematic research is needed in these areas to help parents and policymakers maximize the positive effects and to minimize the negative effects of home computers in children's lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The role of psychologic factors in adaptive behavior of younger and older people].

Contemporary view on the issue of adjustment potential in an aging human being is presented. In a prognostic model the following features, ranked according to their importance, were identified: for younger individuals--friendship, warmth, responsibility, thoroughness, persistence, control of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, sensitivity, tenderness, wide range of interests, tolerance towards other people and high level of intellectual efficiency; for older individuals--self control, social maturity and balanced approach to the others, lack of conflicts in interpersonal relationships, self sufficiency and independence, tolerance with a tendency to self subordination and psychological immunity. Attention is drawn to the results of the obtained prognostic models which will constitute a reference base for psychologists working in geriatric wards.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The evolution of happiness.

An evolutionary perspective offers novel insights into some major obstacles to achieving happiness. Impediments include large discrepancies between modern and ancestral environments, the existence of evolved mechanisms "designed" to produce subjective distress, and the fact that evolution by selection has produced competitive mechanisms that function to benefit one person at the expense of others. On the positive side, people also possess evolved mechanisms that produce deep sources of happiness: those for mating bonds, deep friendship, close kinship, and cooperative coalitions. Understanding these psychological mechanisms--the selective processes that designed them, their evolved functions, and the contexts governing their activation--offers the best hope for holding some evolved mechanisms in check and selectively activating others to produce an overall increment in human happiness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗