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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Congenital alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata, the alleged autoimmune process leading to nonscarring hair loss, is not uncommon. It has been classified as an acquired cause of alopecia; however, recently it has been reported in the neonatal period. We report 4 cases of congenital alopecia areata with follow-up from 3 to 5 years. The diagnosis was made clinically in all cases. All patients had prolonged periods of quiescence of hair loss ranging from 6 to 24 months. Treatments used included minoxidil 2% and a range of topical steroids including hydrocortisone 1%, betamethasone valerate 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.05%, and clobetasol propionate 0.05%. The best regrowth observed resulted from the use of clobetasol propionate 0.05%, giving full regrowth in 50% of those treated. Alopecia areata can occur at all ages and, thus, can be classified as both an acquired and a congenital disorder resulting in hair loss.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

Hereditary woolly hair and keratosis pilaris.

We describe a family with woolly hair and ulerythema ophryogenes spanning four generations. Both woolly hair and ulerythema ophryogenes have been associated with Noonan syndrome and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), two disorders with considerable phenotypic overlap. This family did not exhibit any of the other findings characteristic of either Noonan syndrome or CFC, similar to a previously described pedigree with hereditary woolly hair. Woolly hair elicits a broad differential diagnosis, including woolly hair nevus and several genodermatoses. Our report reviews the evaluation of woolly hair and discusses the conditions associated with this physical finding.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic brow and forehead lift: a case for new technology.

As with most things in life, the passage of time usually brings progress through advancing technologies. At one time, the horse was a state-of-the-art military fighting machine and a simple compass represented advanced navigational technology. Things come and go and while some leave a lasting impact others are replaced, never to be revisited. Surgical techniques are continually evolving, and while quantum strides have been made in the last century, just because something is new, this does not make it better. For this reason we all owe it to our respective professions to carefully evaluate emerging trends and technologies before abandoning procedures that are proven to be safe and effective. Some surgeons too eagerly embrace new technologies, while others are late in acceptance or in some cases never progress.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed2005

Psychophysiological evaluation of stigma towards schizophrenia.

Stigma is a potentially destructive phenomenon that may result in negative consequences for individuals diagnosed or labeled as having a mental illness. Several recent studies suggest that contact with various stigmatized out-group members result in psychophysiological reactions indicative of negative affect. It is unclear whether such reactions extend to encounters with individuals with mental illness. Participants imagined interacting with individuals labeled or unlabeled as having schizophrenia, while corrugator supercilii (brow) EMG, palmer skin conductance, and heart rate activity were monitored. Participants were 15 males and 20 females mainly African American students between the ages of 18 and 28 who attended a historically black university in the Southeastern region of the United States. Participants reported higher SUDS ratings and exhibited higher brow muscle tension during imagery with labeled than non-labeled individuals. Psychophysiological reactivity predicted global self-reported attitudes of stigma towards labeled individuals. The findings suggest that one reason why individuals avoid individuals with mental illness is physiological arousal, which is likely experienced as negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Microsurgical experience with keyhole operations on intracranial aneurysms.

BACKGROUND: We report our experience with keyhole approaches as favorable treatments for various intracranial aneurysms including multiple aneurysms and giant aneurysms. METHODS: According to the different locations of 105 aneurysms harbored in 100 patients, different keyhole approaches were designed elaborately, among which a supraorbital keyhole approach was used in 91 cases, a pterional keyhole approach in 5 cases, a subtemporal keyhole approach in 3 cases, a retromastoid keyhole approach in 2 cases, and a unifrontal interhemispheric keyhole approach in 1 case. RESULTS: Among those 105 aneurysms, 99 were clipped successfully, including 4 that were resected after clipping. One mini-aneurysm was wrapped. The other aneurysms were trapped, including 1 VA aneurysm, 1 giant ICA aneurysm, 1 giant PCoA aneurysm, and 2 giant aneurysms in the PCAs (P2-P3 segment). Multiple aneurysms in 5 cases were treated in 1 surgical session, including 3 cases via unilateral approaches and 2 cases via bilateral approaches. There were no severe keyhole approach-related complications in this present series. CONCLUSION: The keyhole approaches, based on improvements in diagnostic imaging, advanced surgical instruments, and microsurgical skills, are effective and ideal craniotomy techniques in the hands of experienced neurosurgeons for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, including multiple and giant aneurysms, in patients without diffuse SAH, severe cerebral vasospasm, and severe brain edema or brain swelling.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Madarosis.

Madarosis may be a presenting feature of a number of vision and life-threatening conditions, including herpes zoster, leprosy, HIV/AIDS, trachoma, malignant eyelid tumors, discoid lupus, scleroderma, and hypothyroidism. It may occur via two broad pathogenic pathways: scarring and non-scarring, which indicates the potential for lash re-growth. Madarosis may occur as an isolated finding or together with loss of other body and scalp hair. The etiology of madarosis can be further divided into dermatological, infection, endocrine, neoplastic, drug-related, congenital, and trauma. This report includes salient points in the clinical history and examination of patients with madarosis, with an emphasis on excluding or diagnosing visual or life threatening disorders associated with madarosis.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1990

Scalpel neodymium:YAG laser in oculoplastic surgery.

In a three-year study, the scalpel Nd:YAG laser was compared with conventional surgery in 18 patients who underwent oculoplastic surgery. The postoperative follow-up was at least eight months. The contact Nd:YAG laser had distinct advantages over conventional surgery in the treatment of vascular orbital tumors, including less perioperative bleeding and a shorter operating time. In other oculoplastic procedures, ten of the 18 patients underwent surgery with the scalpel Nd:YAG laser on one side and conventional surgery on the other side. There was less bleeding, a shorter operating time, and less pain on removal of orbital fat on the laser-treated side. The postoperative scarring was initially more noticeable on the Nd:YAG laser-treated side, but after three months there was no appreciable difference in scar formation between the two sides. The amount of postoperative edema and ecchymosis did not appear to be significantly different with the Nd:YAG laser compared with conventional surgery. Additionally, microscopic evaluation showed minimal charring of tissues with the Nd:YAG laser.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1997

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome complicating preseptal cellulitis.

PURPOSE: Although substantial morbidity is uncommon in preseptal cellulitis, the incidence of severe infection resulting from group A streptococcal infection is increasing. METHODS: A 62-year-old man was initially examined for preseptal cellulitis sustained after minor trauma to his brow. The patient rapidly experienced shock and multisystem organ failure. Intensive medical therapy prevented circulatory collapse and death. RESULTS: A diagnosis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome secondary to group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection was made based on culture results and clinical course. CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmologist plays an essential role in diagnosing this condition. Aggressive and timely treatment are essential to preventing death.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1983

Carbon dioxide laser surgery in hemophilia.

We used a carbon dioxide laser to remove a subcutaneous lipoma from the brow of a patient with classical hemophilia A. This technique made the cosmetic procedure safe and effective in a patient for whom surgery would otherwise have held a greater risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Endoscopic dissection of recipient facial nerve for vascularized muscle transfer in the treatment of facial paralysis.

In order to prepare recipient facial nerve branches for neurovascular muscle, transfer in the treatment of facial paralysis, endoscopic facial nerve dissection was employed. Under endoscopy recipient facial nerve branches innervating the zygomaticus major muscle were successfully dissected. A stab incision was sufficient for nerve suture with the donor nerve. This method is preferable for young or female patients in whom conventional cheek incisions should be avoided.

Adolescent↗