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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Epididymitis in children and adolescents. A 20-year retrospective study.

We identified 35 patients who had epididymitis from 1965 to 1984 by hospital chart review. The common clinical presentation was swelling, pain, and erythema. Twenty-two patients had onset of symptoms within 24 hours of hospital admission. Surgery was performed in 31 patients, 22 of whom had cultures taken from the epididymis at the time of surgery. Bacterial agents were recovered from cultures of 13 patients: coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified in nine patients. In two patients, a polymicrobic cause was found. Six patients had associated urologic abnormality. Three patients had concurrent urinary tract infection. Urologic investigation should be undertaken in children younger than 2 years old and in older patients with recurrent episodes suspected to be due to reflux of urine and associated genitourinary abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Bilateral epididymal Candida abscesses: sonographic findings and sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration.

We report the case of a 67-year-old diabetic man who presented 2 months after transurethral prostate surgery with impaired consciousness, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections that did not respond to antibiotic treatment. Sonographic findings suggested abscess formation (enlarged, heterogeneous epididymides and a central hypoechoic area in the head of the left epididymis). Aspirates obtained from sonographically guided needle biopsy were purulent. Staining showed budding yeast forms, and Candida albicans grew in culture. Systemic candidiasis was diagnosed. The patient underwent bilateral epididymo-orchiectomy, and pathologic analysis of resected specimens showed bilateral epididymal necrosis and disseminated abscess formation.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Identification of the rat epididymis-secreted 4E9 antigen as protein E: further biochemical characterization of the highly homologous epididymal secretory proteins D and E.

Epididymis-secreted proteins D and E have been purified to homogeneity and partially characterized, and it is shown that monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4E9 (raised against a detergent extract of rat caudal epididymal sperm [Moore et al., 1994: Mol Reprod Dev 37(2):181-194]) recognizes protein E, but not protein D. The molecular weight of protein D (approximately 30 kD) is approximately 2 kD lower than protein E (approximately 32 kD). The NH2-terminus of each protein is blocked; however, microsequencing of internal peptides confirms earlier reports of significant sequence identity between the two proteins. High performance liquid chromatography tryptic peptide mapping showed peak differences between the two proteins, but it was not possible to obtain amino acid sequence in the peaks that were different. The epitope for MAb 4E9 was localized in the blocked NH2-terminus-CNBr peptide derived from protein E. The epitope was destroyed by protease treatment of protein E. Removal of N-linked oligosaccharides did not destroy the epitope for MAb 4E9 and did not affect the molecular weight difference between the proteins.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1984

The aetiology and management of acute epididymitis.

The aetiology of acute epididymitis presenting to a surgical unit in a District General Hospital is presented. Patients over 45 years old frequently have a coliform urinary tract infection which may be associated with bladder neck obstruction. These patients require treatment with a suitable antibiotic (Co-trimoxazole) and further investigation. This condition occurs more commonly in patients under 45 years old in whom it is not associated with urinary tract infection. We have not demonstrated significant chlamydial infection and in a double blind study the antibiotic Co-trimoxazole did not hasten recovery. In this group the aetiology remains obscure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Color Doppler sonography in acute epididymitis and orchitis.

Clinical diagnosis of patients with acute scrotal pain is frequently imperfect. Imaging, using nuclear medicine scintigraphy and hand-held continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound devices, has been used in these patients. We retrospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients referred for scrotal sonography, all of whom had been imaged using color Doppler sonography. Of 22 patients with confirmed diagnoses, 11 had acute epididymitis/orchitis and 11 had another diagnosis. Ten of 11 patients with acute epididymitis/orchitis had increased epididymal flow. Eight also had increased testicular flow. None of the 11 patients without acute epididymitis/orchitis had increased flow. Our data suggest that color Doppler sonography may be useful in establishing the diagnosis of acute epididymitis/orchitis. This might decrease the need for scrotal exploration. No distinction could be made among scrotal lesions in the nonacute epididymitis/orchitis group. Sensitivity was inadequate to reliably detect flow in normal testicles, a prerequisite to accurately diagnose torsion. Newly improved sensitivity may enhance the utility of color Doppler sonography in assessing patients with acute scrotal pathology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Contribution of epididymal secretory proteins for spermatozoa maturation.

The final stages of sperm differentiation occur outside the gonad and are not under the genomic control of germ cells. Only sequential interactions with the medium surrounding the sperm are believed to induce the final steps of spermatogenesis. The epididymis, a long tubule with very active secretory and reabsorption functions, is able to create sequential changes in the composition of luminal fluid throughout its length. The chronologies of the changes, which occur on/in the sperm with those in their surrounding environment, are described. Correlations between the highly regionalized epididymal activities and sperm characteristics linked to their survival and fertility potential are presented in this review.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute experimental E. coli epididymitis in the rat and its consequences on spermatogenesis.

The injection of E. Coli into the tail of the epididymis in the rat caused epididymitis. In 20% of the cases, the inflammation is spread through the lymphatic system to the testis. The germinal cells are destroyed in 50% of the cases by the second day, and are not reestablished for several months. Signs of testicular inflammation are not found. The destruction seems to be caused by E. Coli toxins, as shown by injections of killed bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Scintigraphic evaluation of testicular torsion and acute epididymitis.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effectiveness of testicular scintigraphy in differentiating testicular torsion from acute epididymitis. METHOD: 14 out of 17 patients previously screened by urologist were referred for testicular scintigraphy. Preoperative diagnosis was made based on dynamic and static image findings. Close follow-up was done and final diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of operative findings or relief of symptoms after conservative management. RESULTS: Eight of the nine patients with a photopenic area in the hemiscrotum were confirmed surgically as having testicular torsion. One patient was diagnosed as having an inflammatory process. Relief from symptoms after conservative management was noted in three patients with increased activity on the affected side and in two others whose uptake patterns were not different from the unaffected side. CONCLUSION: Testicular scintigraphy is effective in differentiating testicular torsion from acute inflammation when all other scrotal anomalies have been eliminated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Sperm parameter abnormalities, low seminal fructose and reactive oxygen species overproduction do not discriminate patients with unilateral or bilateral post-infectious inflammatory prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis.

We have shown that patients with prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis (PVE) have the worst sperm output compared to patients with prostato-vesiculitis or prostatitis alone. The present study was undertaken to closely examine whether unilateral or bilateral PVE had a different impact on sperm parameters, seminal fructose levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. To accomplish this, 78 patients with persistent post-infectious inflammatory PVE, clearly identified by scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography, and 30 patients with asymptomatic post-infectious inflammatory prostatitis (control group) underwent semen analysis (including seminal leukocyte concentration and number of spermiophagies), seminal fructose measurement and sperm ROS production from 45 and 90% Percoll fractions. Fifty patients turned out to have PVE bilaterally, whereas the remaining 28 had unilateral PVE. Patients with bilateral PVE had sperm concentration and total sperm number significantly lower than those found in patients with unilateral PVE. The other sperm parameters, the physicochemical properties (hyperviscosity, the presence of nonspecific agglutination, delayed liquefaction), seminal fructose levels and ROS production in both 45 and 90% Percoll fractions turned out similar between the two groups. Patients with bilateral or unilateral PVE had sperm parameters, seminal fructose levels and ROS production significantly worst than those found in patients with prostatitis alone. In conclusion, although patients with bilateral PVE had a decreased number of spermatozoa, the other sperm parameters and seminal fructose levels did not reflect the extension of PVE. Therefore, the diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral involvement of this complicated form of male accessory gland infection relies on scrotal and transrectal ultrasonography.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Tubercular epididymitis and orchitis: US patterns.

For several decades tuberculosis has been adequately under control in this country, but there has been recent concern that this disease might be coming back to the forefront, due to the influx of immigrants from developing countries where tuberculosis is still rampant. In the years to come we are expecting an increase in cases of genitourinary lesions of tubercular origin, a disease which had practically disappeared in the Western world. The aim of this pictorial essay is to provide an outline of the typical US images of tubercular epididymitis and orchitis.

Epididymitis↗
PubMed1979

Epididymitis as cause of antibody-coated bacteria in urine.

The antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) immunofluorescence test has emerged as the preferred noninvasive technique to distinguish reliably between pyelonephritis and cystitis. Investigators have recently correlated a positive test with chronic bacterial prostatitis and cystitis complicating a bladder tumor or stone. We present data that appear to prove that acute bacterial epididymitis associated with bacteriuria can also evoke a positive ACB determination.

Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test, Urinary↗
PubMed1982

Prophylaxis of postoperative epididymitis. Vasectomy or vas ligation?

Preoperative vasectomy for the prevention of postoperative epididymitis in 103 cases is compared to preoperative vas ligation in 132 cases performed by the same surgical team. Both methods showed good results. However, vas ligation is easier to perform and seems to have less complications. The vas ligation procedure is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ureteral ectopia presenting as epididymitis and infertility.

A thirty-two-year-old man presented with a history of infertility, recurrent epididymitis, and a fluctuant pelvic mass on rectal examination. Preoperative evaluation disclosed a nonvisualized right kidney and a multiloculated cystic lesion in the pelvis. The intravenous pyelogram suggested a ureterocele on the right side. A cystic pelvic mass was noted on ultrasound and computed tomography. A dysplastic right kidney with an ectopic ureter inserting into a cystic seminal vesicle was found at surgical exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Duplex sonographic findings in children with torsion of the testicular appendages: overlap with epididymitis and epididymoorchitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Torsion of the testicular appendages (TTA) is the most common cause of acute scrotum in children, and yet there are only few dedicated studies of the imaging findings. OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with the use of duplex sonography in children with TTA and to evaluate if sonography can successfully distinguish TTA from epididymoorchitis. METHODS: We reviewed the medical files and imaging findings of 29 children aged 0.7 to 13.9 years (mean, 6.5 years) with a diagnosis of TTA based on testicular exploration who were evaluated preoperatively with duplex sonography. RESULTS: A tender upper pole nodule, the typical sign of TTA, was palpated in only 2 (6.9%) children. Duplex sonography demonstrated an extratesticular upper pole nodule in 9 (31%) children. Secondary inflammatory changes included hydrocele in 22 (75.9%), enlarged epididymis in 22 (75.9%), scrotal wall edema in 16 (55.2%), and swollen testis in 9 (31%) children. Fourteen (48%) children had inflammatory changes with no evidence of an extratesticular nodule. CONCLUSION: Duplex sonography findings of secondary inflammatory changes in the absence of evidence of an extratesticular nodule may suggest an erroneous diagnosis of epididymitis or epididymoorchitis in children with TTA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Experimental epididymitis and urethritis in grivet monkeys provoked by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Recently Chlamydia trachomatis has been indicated as a common cause of acute epididymitis in young men. In the present study, the grivet monkey was established as an experimental model for such infection. A yolk sac suspension of C. trachomatis, immunotype K, was inoculated into the left spermatic cords of two monkeys. On days 7 and 14 postinoculation (pi), the left testis of each monkey was enlarged to twice its normal size. The epididymis and the spermatic cord on the same side were swollen and reddened. All layers of spermatic cord were infiltrated with lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the lumen, which was filled with an exudate, was reduced in diameter. The luminar epithelium was destroyed. The ducts of the left epididymis were filled with an inflammatory exudate. The epithelium was flattened, but there were no lesions. The seminiferous tubules of the left testis were normal, but edema and hyperemia were observed in the interstitial tissue. The right spermatic cord was inoculated with noninfected yolk sac suspension. On the right side, no inflammatory reactions were seen in the testis, the epididymis, or the spermatic cord. The monkeys had a yellowish discharge 7 to 14 days pi. Urethral smears revealed an preincubation values were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Epididymitis from Enterobius vermicularis: case report.

A rare case of epididymitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis, a pinworm, is reported. A 52-year-old man underwent resection of the right epididymis and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pinworm infection by discovering parts of the body of the oxyurid in various sections.

Epididymitis↗