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PubMed1992

Conjugal transfer of R plasmids to and from Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sewage.

The potential of the transfer of natural plasmids between sewage strains has been studied. In vitro transfer was conducted at 37 degrees C in tryptone soya broth and sterile raw sewage as mating media. In situ transfer was carried out in sterile raw sewage within membrane diffusion chambers at 10.6 degrees C. When the recipient was a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli K-12, the in situ frequency values were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than those obtained in vitro for the same mating pair. When the laboratory recipient was replaced with recipients from the same sewage source, frequency values decreased progressively from the optimum conditions to the most adverse. However, in situ frequency values were higher than those for the same donors mated with a laboratory recipient.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1976

Antigenic determinants of murein lipoprotein and its exposure at the surface of Enterobacteriaceae.

Murein lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli could be fixed to erythrocytes without pretreatment of the erythrocytes. Passive hemagglutination or immune hemolysis could thus be used as sensitive assays to determine antibodies against lipoprotein. In rabbit antisera prepared against whole cells of E. coli, Salmonella, Arizona, and Shigella antibodies against lipoprotein were present. The respective titers were lowest in encapsulated smooth strains and highest in rough mutants. Antisera against deep rough mutants showed even higher anti-lipoprotein titers than anti-R-lipopolysaccharide titers. Correspondingly,absorption of lipoprotein antibodies with enterobacterial strains was most pronounced with deep rough mutants and lowest with smooth strains. Lipoprotein becomes increasingly an immunogen as well as an antigen the more sugar residues are missing in the lipolysaccharide on the cell surface. In wild-type cells lipoprotein is buried in the outer membrane; its exposure in mutant cells is related to defects at the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pore formation by pho-controlled outer-membrane proteins of various Enterobacteriaceae in lipid bilayers.

The structural genes of the PhoE porins of Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli C, cloned in multicopy plasmids, were transfered into a porin-deficient E. coli K-12 strain, which was constitutive for the pho regulon, and the PhoE porins were isolated and purified. PhoE of Salmonella typhimurium could not be cloned but was isolated from a pho-constitutive strain. Reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayer membranes showed that the different PhoE proteins formed pores exhibiting a single-channel conductance of about 200 pS at 0.1 M KCl. All PhoE porins formed anion-selective channels in KCl at neutral pH. The degree of the selectivity was dependent on the PhoE species. The different PhoE porins formed general diffusion pores similar to the general porins but exhibited a considerable advantage for the permeation of phosphate through the outer membrane as compared to the constitutive OmpC and OmpF porins of E. coli K-12.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Diversity of phage integrases in Enterobacteriaceae: development of markers for environmental analysis of temperate phages.

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in aquatic systems. Temperate bacteriophages have enormous influences on microbial diversity, genetic exchange and bacterial population dynamics. However, development of molecular tools for their detection in the environment has been problematic. The integrase gene is used here as a molecular marker to analyse the diversity of temperate bacteriophages in a population of freshwater bacteria. Interrogation of the GenBank database revealed 32 non-cryptic enteric phage integrase sequences, leading to the development of a suite of 11 degenerate primer sets specific to the extant sequences elucidated. Application of these primer sets to enterobacterial isolates recovered from a freshwater pond and the temperate phages induced from them revealed a number of diverse integrase genes, including novel integrase-like sequences not represented in the databases. This highlights the potential of utilizing the integrase gene family as a marker for phage diversity.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of three carboxylesterases from Enterobacteriaceae.

The carboxylesterases from Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter amalonaticus were purified 104-, 95- and 120-fold, respectively by chromatography. The enzymes had similar catalytic activities but differed considerably in their inactivation by heat, di-isopropyl fluorophosphate and Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+. Quantitative neutralization of hydrolytic activity with specific immunoglobulins indicated that the three enzymes were antigenically distinct.

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.

Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.

Breast Feeding↗