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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Reliability of surface electromyography of the masseteric and anterior temporal areas.

This was studied in 37 patients suffering from myofascial pain-dysfunction. Bipolar surface electrodes were used to record tonic, resting EMG activity for 2 consecutive trials. This protocol was repeated at a second recording session 2 weeks later. A custom-made, plastic template was constructed for each subject during the first visit in order to relocate the electrodes accurately at the second recording session. Correlation coefficients were calculated for each muscle area. Within-session (same day) r values ranged from 0.7620 to 0.8884 for the masseteric area and from 0.8686 to 0.9109 for the anterior temporal area. Across-session (different day) r values ranged from 0.5645 to 0.6503 for the masseteric area and 0.3309 to 0.4844 for the anterior temporal area. The lower correlation between different day recordings could reflect a methodological shortcoming in relocating the electrodes, particularly on the anterior temporal area. The greater variability recorded from the anterior temporal area could also reflect the dynamic role of the temporalis muscle in maintaining the postural rest position of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Association between surface electromyography of human jaw-closing muscle and quantified food breakdown.

Simultaneous recordings of the activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis and of jaw movement were made on 10 healthy dentate volunteers while they chewed roasted peanuts in their habitual manner. The quantity of food taken was altered by varying (a) its total weight (mouthful) between 8 and 1 g, but with a fixed initial particle size and (b) by varying its initial particle size between median sizes of 9.2 and 2.4 mm, but keeping the mouthful constant. Significant differences were found in the peak and mean (r.m.s.) estimates of muscle activity (particularly in the masseter), and the dimensions of jaw movements. These differences were associated with the variation in both the size of the mouthful and of the initial particles but were much greater with changes in the mouthful. A dimensional argument treating both the weight of food in the mouth and initial particle size as volumes showed that initial particle volume had been varied by approximately 50 times as much as mouthful volume and therefore that the mouthful was a far more critical factor in masticatory physiology than was the particle size of the food. The reasons for this probably lie in an understanding of mechanisms of food comminution.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Feedback of ankle joint angle and soleus electromyography in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic gait.

A computer-assisted feedback system was developed to present to walking subjects instantaneous feedback of their muscle activity or joint angular excursions during gait. Targets for muscle activity or joint motion were displayed on the feedback screen along with timing cues that prompted muscle activity or joint flexion/extension at specific times during the gait cycle. The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of joint angle and electromyographic (EMG) feedback to a focused program of physical therapy for gait. Eight hemiplegic stroke patients were treated with ankle joint angle feedback, EMG biofeedback from the soleus muscle, and conventional physical therapy for gait in a three-period crossover design. PT was given either first or last in the sequence of treatments. Gait analysis prior to and following each type of treatment revealed that the feedback treatments resulted in significant increases in stride length and walking velocity and in positive changes in push-off impulse, gait symmetry, and standing weight-bearing symmetry, as evaluated in a general linear model and paired t-tests. Overall, physical therapy produced no significant changes. However, when physical therapy was the first treatment of the sequence, significant increases in stride length and velocity were observed. When physical therapy was last, there were significant negative changes in gait symmetry and standing weight-bearing symmetry, and negative trends in stride length, walking velocity, and push-off impulse. It is concluded that computer-assisted feedback is an effective tool for retraining gait in stroke patients.

Ankle Joint↗