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PubMed1987

[Comparative effectiveness of chrysanol and auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis].

A randomized study of 46 patients with classic and definite rheumatoid arthritis on chrysotherapy (25 patients--auranofin orally and 21--allochrysine intramuscularly) showed a therapeutic effect of both drugs. Allochrysine turned out more effective, it was not abandoned in any patients as a result of its inefficacy. However as compared to allochrysine auranofin was slightly better tolerated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Estimation of mercury burdens in rats by chelation with dimercaptopropane sulfonate.

The chelation of mercury by 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) and its usefulness in the estimation of mercury burdens was investigated by exposing male, Sprague-Dawley rats to 203HgCl2 (0.1-2 mg of Hg per kg i.p.) or 203Hg vapor (0.5-2.0 mg of Hg per m3). DMPS (0.2-2.0 mmol/kg) was injected i.p. at times ranging from 1 to 38 days after exposure to the mercurial. Urine and feces were collected for 24 hr before and after DMPS treatment. Whole body mercury levels, tissue levels and excretion of mercury were measured by radioactivity counting. After DMPS treatment there was a significant decrease of whole body mercury levels and an increase in urinary excretion. The increase in urinary excretion was directly proportional to the whole body burden of mercury at the time of dosing with DMPS in animals dosed with HgCl2 and exposed to mercury vapor. Furthermore, the increase in urinary excretion induced by DMPS was almost equal to the amount of mercury lost from the kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Complexing activity of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate and its disulfide auto-oxidation product in rat kidney.

The complexing activity of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate (DMPS) was examined in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Intravenous infusions of the sulfhydryl form of DMPS into rats pretreated with HgCl2 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the urinary excretion of mercury and a decrease in the retention of mercury in kidney. A 120-min infusion of 2 mg sulfhydryl DMPS.min-1.kg body wt-1 resulted in excretion of 76% of the mercury body burden of which greater than 90% was removed from kidney. The disulfide auto-oxidation product of DMPS significantly increased the urinary excretion of mercury in the rat, but its effect was less than that of an equivalent dose of sulfhydryl DMPS. The presence of disulfide DMPS or 3:1 mixtures of sulfhydryl DMPS and disulfide DMPS in the perfusate increased the excretion of mercury and induced a loss of mercury from the cortex and outer medulla in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Thus both the disulfide and sulfhydryl forms of DMPS can act directly on the kidney to accelerate the excretion of mercury. This is consistent with previous observations of the ability of the kidney to reduce disulfide DMPS to sulfhydryl DMPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

99mtc-unithiol complex, a new radiopharmaceutical for kidney scintigraphy III. Studies of labelling unithiol with 99mtc.

Labelling of 2, 3-dimercaptopropane sodiumsulphonate (Unithiol) with 99mTc resulted in essentially three components in the GCS pofile: the top zone, a low-molecular Complex A and a high-molecular Complex B. In the presence of tin metal a fourth component, Complex C, could be distinguished. Complex A was relatively independent of pH, the proportion of Complex B increased with increasing pH. Methods were developed for preparing, with over 80% labelling efficiency, either Complex A or Complex B, each having high stability in the preparation vials and in human blood.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with gold salts (chrysotherapy)].

The paper is concerned with the results of a 6- and 12-month comparative randomized study of the efficacy of chrysanol (calcium-aurothiopropanol-sulfonate) in 21 patients with verified psoriatic arthritis. Patients of the study group (11 patients) received in addition to chrysanol nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NAD), patients of the control group (10) received NAD only. The efficacy of annual treatment was assessed in 10 patients (5 in each group). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of an analysis of 19 clinical and laboratory findings. Six months later improvement was noted in 80% of the patients of the study group, of them considerable improvement in 30%. A significant positive time course was observed for 9 parameters including those characterizing vertebral mobility. Improvement in the control group was noted in 50% of the patients, 2 parameters changed significantly. One year later improvement was recorded in all the patients of the study group and in 40% of the patients of the control group. A significant positive time course was noted for 10 parameters in the study group and not a single one in the control group. In the latter group 7 values got worse, the deterioration of one value was statistically significant. Side effects of chrysanol were noted in 2 patients (agranulocytosis and nephropathy). The aggravation of skin psoriasis was not noted in any patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Herpes zoster--an unusual complication of gold therapy].

The authors observed the development of herpes zoster in 2 rheumatoid arthritic patients against a background of chrysanol therapy. Such a complication should be regarded as an indication for aurum drug cancellation. The study provided an opportunity for specifying some aspects in the mechanism of action and indicated a possible immunodepressive effect.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of unithiol and acetylcysteine on lipid peroxidation and the erythrocyte antioxidant system in sensitized guinea pigs].

The effect of unithiol and acetylcysteine on lipid peroxidation, thioldisulfide equilibrium, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and on erythrocyte resistance was studied in guinea-pigs during sensitization with C. maltosa. Sensibilized animals receiving thiol antioxidants showed partial restoration of normal biochemical levels.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Goldsalts, levamisole and D-penicillamine as first choice slow-acting antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis--a long-term follow-up study.

In the present study, 345 rheumatoid arthritis patients were treated using goldsalts, D-Penicillamine or levamisole as the slow-acting antirheumatic drug of first choice. Goldsalts were given to 182 patients, levamisole to 139 and D-Penicillamine to 24. At the time of the present evaluation, 83 patients were still on goldsalts (44.6%), 63 on levamisole (45.2%) and 11 on D-Penicillamine (45.9%). Adverse reactions required interruption of treatment in 64 patients on goldsalts (35.2%), in 44 on levamisole (31.7%) and in 5 on D-Penicillamine (20.8%). Inefficacy was responsible for withdrawal of 33 patients receiving goldsalts (18.1%), 30 receiving levamisole (21.6%) and 8 receiving D-Penicillamine (33.3%). The duration of treatment was 4.6 years for goldsalts, 3.6 years for levamisole and 3.6 years for D-Penicillamine. In the present analysis none of the compounds was found to have a definite advantage over the others. The rather favourable treatment continuation rates in this study can be attributed to the fact that the slow-acting antirheumatic drugs were given at an early stage of the disease, preferably before the occurrence of radiological lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neuropsychological impairment following inorganic arsenic exposure.

A 50-year-old chemical engineer, routinely screened for occupational arsenic exposure, was admitted with a delirium for which no known etiology was found. Elevated levels of arsenic were found in the urine and hair. The patient received chelation treatment with British anti-Lewisite; substantial amounts of arsenic were excreted and the toxic encephalopathy improved gradually over the 8-month follow-up period. The patient was tested at 6 weeks, 4 months, and 8 months postdelirium with a battery of neuropsychological tasks. The pattern of results showed verbal learning and memory to be severely impaired while tests of general intellectual abilities and language remained unaffected. Follow-up examinations with no subsequent reexposure revealed improvements on specific cognitive tasks. It is unclear whether recovery of cortical functions occurred or if compensatory strategies were developed. It is proposed that a subacute exposure to arsenic may have contributed to the neuropsychological deficits.

Arsenic↗