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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Detection rates in pediatric diagnostic imaging: A picture archive and communication system compared with a web-based imaging system.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study assesses whether there are differences in accuracy of interpretation of diagnostic images among users of a picture archive and communication system (PACS) diagnostic workstation, compared with a less costly Web-based imaging system on a personal computer (PC) with a high-resolution monitor. METHODS: One hundred consecutive pediatric chest or abdomen and skeletal X-rays were selected from hospital inpatient and outpatient studies over a 5-month interval. They were classified as normal (n = 32), obviously abnormal (n = 33), or having subtle abnormal findings (n = 35) by 2 senior radiologists who reached a consensus for each individual case. Subsequently, 5 raters with varying degrees of experience independently viewed and interpreted the cases as normal or abnormal. Raters viewed each image 1 month apart on a PACS and on the Web-based PC imaging system. McNemar tests were used to compare accuracy of interpretation across both imaging systems. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for differences in the proportion assessed incorrectly on the PACS, compared with the Web-based PC imaging system. RESULTS: There was no relation between accuracy of detection and the system used to evaluate X-ray images (P = 0.92). The total percentage of incorrect interpretations on the Web-based PC imaging system was 23.2%, compared with 23.6% on the PACS (P = 0.92). For all raters combined, the overall difference in proportion assessed incorrectly on the PACS, compared with the PC system, was not significant at 0.4% (95%CI, -3.5% to 4.3%). CONCLUSION: The high-resolution Web-based imaging system via PC is an adequate alternative to a PACS clinical workstation. Accordingly, the provision of a more extensive network of workstations throughout the hospital setting could have potentially significant cost savings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Working conditions and health among employees at information technology--enabled services: a review of current evidence.

Workers in information technology (IT)-enabled services like business process outsourcing and call centers working with visual display units are reported to have various health and psycho-social disorders. Evidence from previously published studies in peer- reviewed journals and internet sources were examined to explore health disorders and psycho-social problems among personnel employed in IT-based services, for a systematic review on the topic. In addition, authors executed a questionnaire- based pilot study. The available literature and the pilot study, both suggest health disorders and psychosocial problems among workers of business process outsourcing. The details are discussed in the review.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An approach to display screens].

The effects of display screens on users is studied in the light of the European Council Directive, regarding pregnancy, skin, visual functions, muscle and skeletal system and stress. The design of a questionnaire which may be a useful aid, together with the ophthalmic examination and a appropriate ergonomic design of both working elements and environment will be essential resources for greater satisfaction at work.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ponderable indices in the offspring and nucleic acids quantity in endocrine glands of rats exposed to real and sham VDU screens.

Adult female and male Imp: DAK rats were exposed beneath a real VDU screen (Erl groups) loaded with light-green characteristics due to computation of trigonometric functions in a loop program from a microcomputer. The control animals were exposed beneath a sham screen (Esh groups), being the front glass of vacuum devoid cathode ray tube covered with a transparent celluloid sheet printed with light-green characteristics. The difference in body weight of foetuses from autopsied Erl and Esh females was due mainly to a one-day delay in the fecundation of Esh females. In other groups of Erl females, a prolongation of the oestrous cycle was found in comparison to that of the Esh females. In both Erl females and Erl males, a nonsignificant decrease of weight of anterior pituitary and adrenals was found. RNA quantity was augmented in the anterior pituitary of Erl females and DNA quantity was diminished in the hypothalamus of Erl males. The obtained results suggest the suppression of hypothalamo-hypophyseal function in rats exposed to a real VDU screen.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Types of activities and body parts affected in the recommended exercises for VDT operators.

This paper presents results of an analysis of recommended exercises proposed for the reduction of musculoskeletal stress in VDT operation and similar types of work. Fifteen exercise programs consisting of 123 individual exercises were reviewed. Most of the programs exhibited some redeeming features from a practical and a professional standpoint. It was found that recommendations concerning exercises have been directed primarily to muscle stretching and relaxation. The body parts targeted by various exercises were back, leg, neck, shoulder, side and upper extremities. Maximum number of exercises were available for shoulder (35.8%) and upper extremities (17.9%). The exercises reviewed consisted of combinations of thirteen different activities. It was found that rotation (26.8%), stretching (20.3%), and flexing or bending (18.7%) were the most frequently employed activities.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of a questionnaire used in dermatological epidemiology. Discrepancy between self-reported symptoms and objective signs.

A questionnaire about facial skin problems was answered by 3745 office employees with the aim of discovering whether VDU work causes skin disease. From this group, 809 randomly selected persons were examined and interviewed by a dermatologist. There was a relatively good correspondence (87%) between the results from the interviews and the questionnaires, but the questionnaire results corresponded to current status in only 46% of the cases. No important difference was seen between those who were informed and those who were not informed about the purpose of the investigation. There was a relatively wide variation in the correlation between two responses to the same questions. In conclusion, the self-administered questionnaire seems to give reasonably adequate answers regarding the occurrence of more clear-cut symptoms over a period of time, rather than answers regarding the presence of signs at a particular point in time. However, less marked changes might not be picked up particularly well and the use of questionnaires alone cannot be recommended when studying mild skin problems due to a particular exposure in a population.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Indications and general techniques for lasers in advanced operative laparoscopy.

Lasers are but one of the several energy delivery systems used by the operative laparoscopist in the performance of advanced operative laparoscopy. Safety is a key factor in the selection of a laser because the tissue damage produced by this instrument is absolutely predictable. The surgeon must be totally familiar with the chosen wavelength and its tissue reaction if this safety factor is to be realized. Other instruments complement the use of lasers in advanced operative laparoscopy, and without thorough knowledge of all available techniques and instruments, the operative laparoscopist will not achieve the full potential of this specialty. It is beyond the scope of this issue on gynecologic laser surgery to present all of the useful nonlaser techniques. Suffice it to say that we often use laser, loop ligature, sutures, hemoclips, bipolar electricity, hydrodissection, and endocoagulation during the course of a day in the operating room and sometimes during one case. As enthusiasm for advanced operative laparoscopy grows and endoscopic capability increases, more complicated and prolonged surgical feats are reported. Radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy have been performed by the laparoscopic route, and endoscopic management of ovarian tumors also has been reported. At this moment, these must be viewed as "show and tell" procedures unsupported by statistics to demonstrate any advantage (or disadvantage) when compared with conventional surgical methods. The time required of advanced operative laparoscopy for any given procedure is certainly an important factor. Prolonged operative and anesthesia time certainly can negate the supposed benefit of small incisions and minimally invasive surgery. What goes on inside the abdomen is certainly the most important part of advanced operative laparoscopy. Good surgeons must recognize their own limitations and the limitations of available technology. The operative laparoscopist must know when to quit and institute a laparotomy. In general, when the magnitude of the operative laparoscopy greatly increases the time required to perform the surgery or exceeds the capability of the surgeon, laparotomy is necessary. Patients should never be promised that an operation will be done by laparoscopy. In advanced operative laparoscopy, informed consent means that the patient has had a reasonable explanation of the method, its benefits and its dangers, and has also been told that laparotomy is always a possibility. In our large series, the laparotomy rate is about 3%. It is also wise not to promise the patient that advanced operative laparoscopy will be done by the laser.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dermatitis in VDT operators: a review of the literature].

The paper reports studies on the relationship between work with VDT's and dermatitis in the operators. From the first observation in 1979, numerous studies have been carried out to try and explain the reason why some forms of dermatitis like rosacea, eczema seborrhoeic and erythematitis appeared more frequently in VDT operators compared to the general population. The various authors at present consider low indoor air humidity associated with a strong electrostatic field to be essential factors in the occurrence of dermatitis. Laboratory experiments have shown that the presence of a strong electrostatic field does not seem to be important in itself. Similarly, it is agreed that X, UV-A or UV-B radiations do not play any causative role in dermatitis. Further investigations are required to assess the influence of indoor climatic factors and the presence of irritant substances in the air of the working environment.

Computer Terminals↗