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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Reasonable lymph node dissection in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: introduction of computer information system and lymphography technique by India-ink].

A computer information system was developed and clinically used in National Cancer Center Tokyo in 1983. Seven data of an individual patient are preoperatively input in the system: sex, age, location, macroscopic type, maximal diameter, depth of invasion, and histological type of biopsy. After the data-analysis of 3,785 patients, the computer outputs three data; expected five year survival rate, each metastatic rate of 16 regional lymph nodes, and types of recurrence. Plan of lymph node dissection can reasonably be decided by this report. 0.5ml of India-ink (CH-40) is injected in the perigastric lymph nodes, and it stains all lymphatic channels from the injection points in black. Using the technique, systematic dissection can be performed easily and completely. After the introduction of these systems, five year survival rate was improved from 90.0% to 95.5% in Stage I, from 76.0% to 81.6% in Stage II, from 51.1% to 56.8% in Stage III, and from 12.9% to 16.6% in Stage IV.

Carbon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer expert system prototype for mechanically ventilated neonates development and impact on clinical judgment and information access capability of nurses.

A computer expert system is an alternative method of training and providing real-time clinical decision support for nurses to advance their practices from a novice to a proficient level. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to develop a prototype of a computer expert system for mechanically ventilated neonates (ES-MVN) and (2) to assess the impact of the ES-MVN on the clinical judgment and information access capability of nurses. Five steps used in developing the prototype are described in this article. The ES-MVN is a multimedia interactive consultation-based program that contains 2 major parts: the nursing diagnosis and the knowledge base on nursing care of mechanically ventilated neonates. A rule-based (Boolean frame) was chosen for the nursing diagnosis decision model. The prototype was developed on the Web server and a combination of computer applications operated in a Microsoft Windows environment. A quasi-experimental, 1-group pretest-posttest design was used to measure the efficacy of the ES-MVN in 16 neonatal intensive care unit registered nurses. Case simulations were used to test the nurses' clinical judgment performance. The results showed a significant increase in the nurses' performance scores of diagnoses and managed care after using the ES-MVN (t[15] = 17.21, P = .0001). The nurses' scores for perceptions of their information access capability and clinical judgment ability after receiving the ES-MVN were significantly higher than before installing the ES-MVN in the neonatal intensive care unit (ts[15] = 6.91 and = 17.53, Ps = .0001, respectively). The findings suggest the usefulness of the computer expert system as an effective tool to support nurses' clinical judgment in critical care situations and to provide access to information at the practice site.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A computer-based system for measurements and analyses in radiology.

A computer-based system for direct measurements on images and for analyses of data is presented. Distances, angles, and areas are measured on a backlighted digitizer table. Calibration corrects for actual magnification. Data are analyzed and compared to normal values by a microcomputer. The system is precise and time saving.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Determination of the accuracy of different computer planning systems for treatment with external photon beams.

The performance of computer planning systems has been tested by comparing calculations using the local beam data and computer facilities with measurements at the local installations. Relative absorbed dose distributions have been determined in a water phantom, irradiated with megavoltage photon beams with qualities from 60Co up to 25 MV. Three clinically relevant situations were studied: oblique incidence, tangential beams and wedged fields. For 45 degrees oblique incidence the mean deviation between the calculated and measured relative absorbed dose was less than 1%. Individual deviations, however, ranged from -2% up to +7%. A systematic difference, due to a straightforward application of the modified effective SSD method, was observed. For tangential irradiation the planning systems which do not consider the lack of scattering material showed deviations up to 8% between calculated and measured relative absorbed dose. For wedged beams, especially when they impinge obliquely on the phantom surface, differences were found up to 10%. Differences up to 20% were found for a point in the build-up region of an obliquely impinging wedged beam. From this study it can be concluded that planning systems may produce clinically unacceptable errors.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educating the families of nursing home residents: a pilot study using a computer-based system.

OBJECTIVES: To enhance family participation in nursing home care through a Web-based system of interactive video training and interactive communication with the facilities. DESIGN: In this pilot study, focus groups guided the design and development of a prototype computer system for family members of nursing home residents. Its usability and functionality was tested with family members of diverse age and ethnicity. SETTING: Nursing home sites around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised 18 family members who were primary decision makers for nursing home residents. Most were elderly females, and 33% were African-Americans. INTERVENTION: Computer-based education on dementia, agitation/aggression, and caregiver strategies. MEASUREMENTS: Knowledge was assessed with a 16 question pretest and posttest. Satisfaction surveys were completed. RESULTS: Knowledge of key principles of dementia care improved significantly (paired t test, t = 5.9(17), P < 0.0001). User satisfaction and "ease of use" received high ratings. CONCLUSION: Computer-based interactive videos can be used to educate family members of nursing home residents on dementia care. A complete curriculum of education and interactive bulletin boards for family inclusion in care planning are currently under development and will be tested to determine any impact on resident quality of life and quality of care outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Detecting and preventing adverse drug interactions: the potential contribution of computers in pharmacies.

For patients taking two or more medications concurrently, interactions among the drugs can cause undesirable effects or negate desired responses. In modern pharmacy practice, an important role of the pharmacist is to detect potentially harmful interactions and take appropriate action to prevent their occurrence. Pharmacy computer systems offer potential for improving pharmacists' effectiveness in the detection and followup of drug interactions. Based on a survey of southern Michigan pharmacists, relationships between computer use and pharmacists' attitudes and activities in drug interaction monitoring were investigated. Respondents included users of two major computer systems as well as pharmacists who do not use computers. Results suggest that general statements cannot be made about the effect of computer use on drug interaction detection. Users of one of the two computer systems detected and followed up on interactions more frequently and were more likely to report improved knowledge of drug interactions than non-users. Frequencies of drug interaction detection and other related measures reported by users of the second computer system were similar to those for pharmacists not using computers. Computer system characteristics which might lead to these differences are discussed.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Computer analysis of Staphylococcus aureus phage typing data from 1957 to 1975, citing epidemiological trends and natural evolution within the phage typing system.

Computer analysis of Staphylococcus aureus phage ty ping data collected for over 18 years in a large research hospital showed a drastic decrease in the number of hospital epidemic strains. Phage lysis patterns gradually modified from those of earlier years and were a reflection of changes within the S. aureus reservoir, and not within the typing phages, since the typing phages were used from stable lyophilized stocks. There was increasing cross-lysis of S. aureus strains by phages of lytic groups I, II, and III, such that this grouping was no longer epidemiologically valid. A 61% increase in unique strains occurred from the period 1957 to 1975. Disappearance of the widely recognized epidemic strains was followed by a proliferation of unique strains with individual phage patterns. These increased from 38% in the period 1957 to 1962 to 62% in the period 1969 to 1975, indicating a trend toward a "one patient-one strain" situation. Nontypable strains decreased in more recent years from 16% (1957 to 1975) to 7% in 1978, following introduction of phages 94, 96, 292, and D-11. Pandemic S. aureus strain 80/81 first appeared in this hospital in 1959, 5 years after it was first reported in the United States. Strain 80/81 disappeared from the hospital in 1963, partly due to the advent of methicillin.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personal computer-based computer monitoring system of the anesthesiologist (2-year experience in development and use)].

Creation of computer monitoring systems (CMS) for operating rooms is one of the most important spheres of personal computer employment in anesthesiology. The authors developed a PC RS/AT-based CMS and effectively used it for more than 2 years. This system permits comprehensive monitoring in cardiosurgical operations by real time processing the values of arterial and central venous pressure, pressure in the pulmonary artery, bioelectrical activity of the brain, and two temperature values. Use of this CMS helped appreciably improve patients' safety during surgery. The possibility to assess brain function by computer monitoring the EEF simultaneously with central hemodynamics and body temperature permit the anesthesiologist to objectively assess the depth of anesthesia and to diagnose cerebral hypoxia. Automated anesthesiological chart issued by the CMS after surgery reliably reflects the patient's status and the measures taken by the anesthesiologist.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

The reproducibility of interpretation of 10 computer ECG systems by means of a microprocessor-based ECG signal generator.

The use of computer ECG systems has become widespread in Japan, and many new models are available. In order to provide a method for comparative evaluation, a microprocessor-based ECG signal generator was built. This generator was used to compare 10 of the computer ECG systems which are currently available in Japan. Since the generator can produce a precisely defined wave form, it is particularly suited for testing the reproducibility of diagnostic interpretation. Several deficiencies of some current ECG analysis systems were noted. Specifically in three systems, there was interference of the interpretation of morphology with the interpretation of rhythm when WPW-like patterns were analyzed. The current evaluation concentrates on the reproducibility of interpretation in the tested systems. As the library of test ECG patterns is expanded in the future, the technique will also become applicable to the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1999

Performance characteristics of a Kodak computed radiography system.

The performance characteristics of a photostimulable phosphor based computed radiographic (CR) system were studied. The modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectra (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of the Kodak Digital Science computed radiography (CR) system (Eastman Kodak Co.-model 400) were measured and compared to previously published results of a Fuji based CR system (Philips Medical Systems-PCR model 7000). To maximize comparability, the same measurement techniques and analysis methods were used. The DQE at four exposure levels (30, 3, 0.3, 0.03 mR) and two plate types (standard and high resolution) were calculated from the NPS and MTF measurements. The NPS was determined from two-dimensional Fourier analysis of uniformly exposed plates. The presampling MTF was determined from the Fourier transform (FT) of the system's finely sampled line spread function (LSF) as produced by a narrow slit. A comparison of the slit type ("beveled edge" versus "straight edge") and its effect on the resulting MTF measurements was also performed. The results show that both systems are comparable in resolution performance. The noise power studies indicated a higher level of noise for the Kodak images (approximately 20% at the low exposure levels and 40%-70% at higher exposure levels). Within the clinically relevant exposure range (0.3-3 mR), the resulting DQE for the Kodak plates ranged between 20%-50% lower than for the corresponding Fuji plates. Measurements of the presampling MTF with the two slit types have shown that a correction factor can be applied to compensate for transmission through the relief edges.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Advanced computing for systems biology.

Systems biology is based on computational modelling and simulation of large networks of interacting components. Models may be intended to capture processes, mechanisms, components and interactions at different levels of fidelity. Input data are often large and geographically disperse, and may require the computation to be moved to the data, not vice versa. In addition, complex system-level problems require collaboration across institutions and disciplines. Grid computing can offer robust, scaleable solutions for distributed data, compute and expertise. We illustrate some of the range of computational and data requirements in systems biology with three case studies: one requiring large computation but small data (orthologue mapping in comparative genomics), a second involving complex terabyte data (the Visible Cell project) and a third that is both computationally and data-intensive (simulations at multiple temporal and spatial scales). Authentication, authorisation and audit systems are currently not well scalable and may present bottlenecks for distributed collaboration particularly where outcomes may be commercialised. Challenges remain in providing lightweight standards to facilitate the penetration of robust, scalable grid-type computing into diverse user communities to meet the evolving demands of systems biology.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Radiologic total lung capacity measurement. Development and evaluation of a computer-based system.

The development of a computer-based radiologic total lung capacity (TLC) measurement system designed to be used by non-physician personnel is detailed. Four operators tested the reliability and validity of the system by measuring inspiratory PA and lateral pediatric chest radiographs with a Graf spark pen interfaced to a DEC VAX 11/780 computer. First results suggest that the ultimate goal of developing an accurate and easy to use TLC measurement system for non-physician personnel is attainable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Centralization of all medical laboratory data by laser disk filing system].

In recent years, the medical laboratory system is being widely applied. We describe the medical laboratory system of our Saga Medical School Hospital, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) laser disk data filing systems. The main computer system of FUJITSU M-730/4 (main memory of host computer 13 MB) handles a large amount of data, in the fields of chemistry, hematology, serology, microbiology, blood banking and histology laboratory. All 17 chemistry and hematology automatic analyzers are linked through communication lines to the main computer. The important tasks of this system are data processing, storing of information in the database, data reporting and quality control statistics. This laboratory system is also connected to the total hospital information system of FUJITSU M-760, main memory 48 MB. For pattern recognition, ECG and EEG laser disk data filing systems have been constructed. The main purpose of these filing systems is mass storage of analog data signals in laser disk, computer assisted analysis and data communication. ECG and EEG analog data are converted into digital form by the analog-to-digital converter, and then transmitted over hospital telephone lines to the central computer system for analysis. The computer assisted statements are then sent back to the ECG terminals at the nurse station. As necessary, after the physician reads over the ECG, statements are printed in the final reports. These optical reporting systems are also linked to the total hospital information system. One of the main tasks in the laboratory is the control of the seemingly endless paper work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

Application of space technologies for valuation of a stress level.

The adaptation of large long-term experience of application Heat Rate Variability in space biology and medicine and medical researches is represented. The description of the new approaches is given which are fixed in a basis of diagnostic computer systems "NeuroResercher 5.0" (or System of Computer Vegetology "CardioTensionTest 5.0" as module in the frame of "NeuroResercher 5.0") and "Varicard". These systems for thorough clinical and experimental scientific investigations and experimental investigations (for specialists of R&D institutes, doctors of functional diagnosis rooms of hospitals possessing clinical bases of R&D institute and medical university chairs, during clinical and preclinical testing of drugs, medical and biological R&D institutes carrying out Nneurophysiological investigations in the field of labour medicine and sport medicine, development of infantile nervous system, medical education establishments.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1997

Development and evaluation of a computer-based system for dietary management of hyperlipidemia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a computer-based system for dietary management of hyperlipidemia and to evaluate its efficacy for lowering plasma cholesterol level. DESIGN: Using a stepwise approach, we developed and tested a three-part self-management system in five consecutive clinical studies. Each study assessed plasma cholesterol levels before and after dietary intervention using the system. These studies enabled progressive refinement of (a) a food frequency questionnaire used to assess food intake in the preceding month; (b) computer-generated progress reports, based on questionnaire responses, offering dietary change subgoals and strategies for change; and (c) a dietary workbook providing detailed information on how to achieve goals. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Persons with hyperlipidemia (n=814) were enrolled from worksite and clinical settings in the San Francisco Bay area of California. The attrition rate after randomization was 5%. INTERVENTION: Elements of the dietary intervention evolved in response to the results of five clinical studies. In each study, patients underwent a form of baseline assessment of dietary intake followed by counseling/instruction by various means. Follow-up dietary assessments were provided at specific intervals to facilitate subjects' progress toward their dietary goals. A dietary workbook provided the detailed instruction required to implement the recommendations contained in the periodic progress reports. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Changes in plasma cholesterol level were measured by paired and unpaired t tests. The relationship between the reported reduction in dietary fat and cholesterol level assessed by food frequency questionnaires and the directly measured change in plasma cholesterol level was measured by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The three major elements of the final computerized system (food frequency questionnaires, computer-generated progress reports, and dietary workbook) were developed and refined in the course of the five clinical studies. Reductions in total plasma cholesterol level of 5.0% to 6.5% achieved by participants in all five studies were consistent with self-reported reductions in intake of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. Therefore, the computerized self-management system appears to be an effective tool for reducing plasma cholesterol levels. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: A computer-based system for dietary self-management of hyperlipidemia, implemented by mail, was effective in short-term studies. This self-management system can potentially provide health-promoting services to large numbers of people at low cost.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of a computerized system applied to central operating theatre for medical records collection.

A computer system operation is introduced, which has been in use since October 1981 at Kochi medical school as one of the integral sub-systems of the total hospital information system called IMIS. The system was designed from the beginning with the main purposes of obtaining better management of operations, and detailed medical records are included for before, during and after operations. It is shown that almost all operations except emergencies were managed using the computer system rather than the paper system. After presenting some of the results of the accumulated records we will discuss the reason for this high frequency of use of the computer system.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1996

[A computer software system for dental caries rates: databases and statistical analysis].

A computer software system developed ICADAPLUS, is presented in order to create and tabulate data bases, calculate the DMF rate, perform statistical comparison of two populations, and calculate confidence intervals. The system offers a simplified method for health services in the area of dentistry, using dental records to carry out epidemiological surveys of tooth decay. The system's main feature is that it does not require specialists either in the area of dentistry or computing, demanding of the user only basic data-entry typing skills, since it presents simple menus, and standardized reports, with no possibility of error. The system comprises four steps: Data-entry, Processing, Reports and Utilities. In Data-entry the regions, towns and institutions supplying the data are initially registered, once only. Each record receives a code number, and it is this code which is available to the user through a Function Key, by means of which the code is transferred to the desired data field. Furthermore, there is a choice of type of dental chart: Klein and Palmer's DMF; the DMF proposed by the WHO; Klein, Palmer and Knutson's DMF surfaces; or Gruebbel's def. It is possible to include, alter and exclude records in each option. In Processing, it is necessary, first of all, to organise the indexes, totalize the data, and remit them to the data base, where no further alteration or exclusion occurs. From this stage on, reports can be prepared from the proposed indexes, grouped according to age, or age and gender. The system was validated by comparison with other methods. This comparison justifies the recommendation of its implementation.

Confidence Intervals↗
PubMed2002

[A computer processing system for bronchoscopes images].

A new equipment of a computer multimedia system combined with a bronchoscope is presented here, which is able to provide active images with a high definition, image capture, synchronized video recording and playback during bronchoscopy. Its operation is easy and its quality is reliable. It is an advanced product for endoscopies and is worth while to be applied to clinical application.

Algorithms↗