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PubMed2006

Hormone replacement therapy and the cardiovascular system lessons learned and unanswered questions.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the U.S., exceeding breast cancer mortality in women of all ages. Women present with cardiovascular disease a decade after men, and this has been attributed to the protective effect of female ovarian sex hormones that is lost after menopause. Animal and observational studies have shown beneficial effects of hormone therapy when it is initiated early in the perimenopausal period or before the development of significant atherosclerosis. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in older women have not shown any benefit in either primary prevention or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, with a concerning trend toward harm. This review outlines the lessons learned from the basic science, animal, observational, and randomized trials, and then summarizes yet-unanswered questions of hormone therapy and cardiovascular risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of baclofen on the cardiovascular system of the rat.

1 The cardiovascular responses to baclofen were investigated in anaesthetized rats. 2 Low doses of baclofen (less than 5 X 10(-8) mol), given intravenously, produced a transient fall in blood pressure and heart rate. Higher doses (greater than 5 X 10(-7) mol) produced a marked and prolonged increase in blood pressure accompanied by a rise in heart rate and cutaneous arterial dilatation. 3 The pressor and heart rate responses exhibited tachyphylaxis, and were abolished by hexamethonium, cervical cord section, reserpine-treatment and by a combination of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. 4 It is concluded that the increases in blood pressure and heart rate produced by high doses of baclofen are of central sympathetic origin.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗