Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CPD”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Biochemical characterization of mutants in cyclic nucleotide metabolism showing rhythmic conidiation in Neurospora.

Mutants, cpd-1, cpd-2, and bd, which have reduced concentrations of orthophosphate-repressible cyclic phosphodiesterase (cPDase), show reduced concentrations of cyclic 3',5'-AMP and exhibit rhythmic oscillations of cyclic 3',5'-AMP with about 24-hr period length. These mutants have either reduced concentrations of adenylate cyclase or enhanced concentrations of Mg-stimulated cyclic phosphodiesterase. These mutations changed the ability to activate heat-activated cyclic phosphodiesterase. White light reduced the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-GMP in mycelia.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1988

Introduction of a high-resolution cytochemical method for studying the distribution of phospholipids in biological tissues.

A novel cytochemical method for the in situ, ultrastructural localization of phospholipids in biological tissues is reported. The method is based on the enzyme-gold approach (M. Bendayan: J. Histochem. Cytochem. 29, 531, 1981). Phospholipase A2 from bee venom was adsorbed on colloidal gold particles (PLA2-gold) and applied for the specific labeling of its substrate, sn3-glycerophospholipids. The binding and enzymic competence of the PLA2-gold complex were confirmed by in vitro, preembedding experiments with erythrocytes and a crude lung surfactant preparation. The substrate specificity of the probe was assessed by labeling Epon thin sections of pure phospholipids. To test the potential applications of the PLA2-gold complex, lung and pancreatic tissues were fixed with glutaraldehyde-osmium and embedded in Epon for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). They were also prepared for critical-point-drying fracture-label (CPD-FL) replicas and thin-section fracture-label (TS-FL) specimens. On TEM thin sections incubated with PLA2-gold, all cellular membranes were labeled. The labeling density over each membrane compartment, as quantitated in lung type II pneumocytes, was classified in order of magnitude as follows: a) nuclear membranes; b) outer mitochondrial membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulm (RER); and c) Golgi complex, mitochondrial cristae and plasma membranes. In lung alveoli, the phospholipid-rich surfactant material was intensely labeled. Labeling of lung thin sections from chlorphentermine-treated rats (phospholipidosis-inducing drug) further demonstrates the reliability of PLA2-gold to label phospholipids. CPD-FL replicas and TS-FL specimens further extended the TEM observations: nuclear membranes and RER were more intensely labeled than plasma membranes. In exocrine pancreatic cells, two distinct labeling patterns were found for secretory granule membranes: sparse and dense. The specificity and reliability of the labeling were confirmed through several control experiments. The studies performed thus demonstrate the great potential of the PLA2-gold technique as a new approach to the high-resolution study of phospholipid distribution and density among biological structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Refractive error and preferential looking visual acuity in infants 12-24 months of age: year 2 of a longitudinal study.

This paper presents data from year 2 of a study assessing changes in visual acuity and refractive error in normal, healthy infants between birth and 24 months of age. Visual acuity and refractive error measurements were taken at 2-month intervals on 18 infants, 12-24 months of age. The acuity card preferential looking procedure and Mohindra's near retinoscopy were used for acuity and refractive error measurement. Response to the Stereo Fly was also observed. Mean acuity improved from 6.4 cycles per degree (cpd) (20/93) at 12 months to 20.5 cpd (20/29) at 24 months (SD = 0.5 octave). Refractive error remained in low hyperopia (X = 0.4D, SD = 0.5D). Amount and frequency of astigmatism showed little change. Response to the Stereo Fly improved from 0% at 12 months to 87% at 24 months. The acuity card procedure was easily accomplished, but more difficult with these children at 12-24 months of age than when previously tested between 0-12 months of age.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys. Computed tomography and ultrasonography appraisal in patients on peritoneal and hemodialysis.

Screening chronic hemodialysis patients (CHD) for acquired cystic disease of the kidneys (ACDK) and its complications (hemorrhage and neoplasm) has become accepted management. We evaluated patients on CHD as well as patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) for ACDK. The kidneys of 80 chronic dialysis patients were examined by CT and real time sonography. Forty-four were hemodialysis and 36 were peritoneal dialysis patients. ACDK was found in more than 90% of both CHD and CPD patients who had been dialyzed longer than three years. Bilateral renal carcinoma was detected in one hemodialysis patient. Our results show that chronic peritoneal dialysis patients are also at risk for ACDK and its associated complications. A similar natural history for the development of ACDK in both forms of dialysis suggests that the same screening precautions should be instituted for chronic peritoneal dialysis patients.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thiol containing antioxidant drugs and the human immune system.

The over production of toxic oxygen species (TOS) by the phagocytic cells involved in inflammatory processes plays a crucial role in generating the immune defects which characterize both infections and neoplastic diseases. Since the thiol containing drugs, and N-acetylcysteine possess a high capacity for scavenging and inhibiting TOS, the question of whether these substances are able to protect, in vivo as well as in vitro, the function of lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood in patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD) was investigated. The lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors as well as those from CPD patients exposed in vitro to TOS showed a reduced viability and an impairment of functions in: (a) the ability to express HLA Class II and TAC antigens and (b) the capacity to stimulate and proliferate in allogenic (MLR) and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR). The presence of NAC or CAT blocked this toxicity. Cells isolated from healthy donors and patients following treatment with NAC were less sensitive to the in vitro toxicity of TOS.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1986

Flash and pattern electroretinograms in normal and laser-induced glaucomatous primate eyes.

Experimental glaucoma was produced in one eye of five cynomolgus monkeys with the argon laser delivering 100-200 50-mu spots at 1200-1500 mW power and 0.5 sec to 360 degrees of the mid-trabecular meshwork. Monocular electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded prior to and 2, 3, and 4 mo following the laser treatment. In the laser-treated (glaucoma) eyes, normal flash ERGs were observed using 1-Hz stimulation; however, pattern ERGs (PERGs) elicited using steady-state counterphase modulation of a 0.51 cpd square wave grating showed statistically significant reductions of amplitude. Only small reductions of PERG amplitude were seen with a 1.25 cpd grating. In three animals, abnormalities of the PERG occurred prior to clinically significant cupping of the optic nervehead. Moreover, reductions of PERG amplitude were progressive and associated with the magnitude of cupping of the optic nervehead and elevation of intraocular pressure. PERG amplitude did not change following acute reductions in intraocular pressure in the glaucoma eyes. Several control experiments were conducted to insure that results were not due to alterations in pupil size, refractive state, or accommodation in the glaucoma eyes. The authors believe they now have a monkey model for the electrophysiologic study of glaucoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of rewarming of stored blood on plasma value and erythrocytes].

30 units of stored blood of different age were rewarmed from 4 degrees C to 32 degrees C by microwave blood-warmer Infusotherm 407. The resulting damage to blood components and change of function of erythrocytes were compared with those caused by storage of CPD-blood. Dependent on the age of stored blood we found considerable increases in the plasma-levels of potassium, lactate, and free haemoglobin. Compared with cold CPD-blood rewarming of stored blood produced a 7% increase in lactate and a 8% increase in free haemoglobin. There were no changes in platelet and erythrocyte counts, haematocrit, plasma-levels of haemoglobin, electrolytes, cholesterol, blood viscosity, osmotic resistance, and oxygen-binding capacity. As damage of stored blood produced by warming is minimal compared with that produced by storage, the Infusotherm 407 is considered to be a clinically useful blood-warmer.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Uremic neuropathy and the type of dialysis].

Motor conduction velocity of the median and posterior tibial nerves and sensory conduction velocity of the radial and sural nerves were examined in 45 uremic patients: 15 treated by hemodialysis (HD), 15 treated by combined peritoneal dialysis (CPD) and 15 treated as outpatients with peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Motor and sensory conduction velocity were reduced in uremic patients treated by HD more than in those treated by CPD and CAPD; there were no significant differences between the last two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Human factor VIII: a calcium-linked protein complex.

The possible role of Ca2+ as an essential constituent part of the human factor VIII complex has been investigated by stability studies, metal determinations, and gel filtration experiments. In citrated plasma, the factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) deteriorated during storage in a biphasic manner. Collection of blood in heparin, instead of chelating anticoagulants, or neutralization of citrate by addition of CaCl2 to heparinized citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) plasma rendered VIII:C noticeably stable. At physiologic levels of ionized calcium, VIII:C was almost completely stable during incubation of plasma for 6 hr at 37 degrees C. The influence of other divalent ions was also studied. Highly purified factor VIII complex was subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis and found to contain about 1.0 mole calcium per 220,000 daltons. This intrinsic calcium could be readily removed by EDTA. When heparin plasma and CPD plasma were chromatographed on Sepharose CL-6B at 37 degrees C, all the factor-VIII-related activities eluted together as large protein complexes. In contrast, factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) and factor-VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) were completely dissociated upon exposure to EDTA. From these observations it is concluded that human factor VIII circulates in normal plasma as a calcium-linked protein complex.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1984

Calcium supplementation during cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric surgery.

This paper reports on the monitoring of plasma ionized calcium (Ca++) levels in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open-heart surgery. The pump was primed with blood treated with either heparin or citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD). In certain cases calcium supplementation was used. In all cases a sudden drop in Ca++ levels took place at the start of CPB, followed by a slow recovery. In the patients who received heparinized blood the drop was slight (14%) and recovery fast (10 minutes), but in those who received CPD the drop was excessive (58%) and recovery was still incomplete after 1 hour despite supplementation with 0,5 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. Different supplementation regimens were tried and the optimum was achieved by using 1 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. This limited the drop in the Ca++ level to 42%, and recovery to prebypass levels took place within 45 minutes.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1983

Piracetam modifies morphine and related drug-induced elevation of serum corticosterone concentration in rats.

Piracetam (2-oxo-l-pyrrolidine acetamide, UCB 6215) or physiological saline solution was injected intravenously to female rats; after 60 min the animals were decapitated and blood was collected. Piracetam in doses of 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg resulted in a progressive suppression of serum corticosterone concentration (Cpd B) as compared to the controls. Morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg), nalorphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) and naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) induced a significant rise of Cpd B 30 min after subcutaneous injection, however, this could be prevented by 300 mg/kg piracetam given intraperitoneally 60 min prior to decapitation. Piracetam was ineffective in reducing the effects of high doses of morphine (20 mg/kg) and nalorphine (20 mg/kg). The drug had no effect on either ether stress or electric footshocks induced activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. In vitro the drug had no effect on pituitary ACTH release following exposure to crude hypothalamic extract. It is concluded that the effect of piracetam on the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is mediated through hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic brain structures and influences one of the effects of morphine and related drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Previous cesarean birth. Trial of labor in women with macrosomic infants.

Patients with previous cesarean births who delivered macrosomic infants (greater than or equal to 4,000 gm) during the study periods January 1 to December 31, 1980, and July 1, 1982, to June 30, 1983, were analyzed to determine the impact of fetal weight on a trial of labor (TOL). Of 140 women with macrosomic infants given a TOL, 94 (67%) delivered vaginally. The most common indication for cesarean delivery was cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). The dehiscence rates were similar when patients who underwent a TOL were compared with those who did not. Factors associated with a successful TOL were a previous vaginal delivery after the original cesarean section, no oxytocin usage during the TOL and an indication for the previous cesarean section other than CPD. The risk associated with a TOL in a patient with a previous cesarean birth and a macrosomic infant appears to be no greater than that encountered in a similar group of patients without uterine scars.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prognosis for future childbearing after midcavity instrumental deliveries in primigravidas.

The frequency of subsequent childbearing and the method of subsequent delivery among 149 primigravidas who required instrumental delivery for midcavity arrest of the fetal head in the second stage of labor and 1258 primigravidas who delivered spontaneously were compared. The frequency of subsequent childbearing was similar in the two groups, but operative delivery for cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) in a second pregnancy was six times greater in the instrumentally delivered group (11.2 versus 2%; P less than .005). Nevertheless, more than 75% of instrumentally delivered primigravidas who delivered heavier infants in their second pregnancy did so spontaneously. It is concluded that relative CPD is not a common factor necessitating midcavity deliveries, even if cases in which peridural anesthesia is used and deliveries for fetal bradycardia are excluded from consideration. This probably accounts for the fact that over 97% of instrumentally delivered infants suffered no birth trauma or birth asphyxia.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis and management of face presentation.

Face presentation is an unusual complication of pregnancy; it occurs once in every 500 to 600 deliveries. Prematurity, fetal macrosomia, anencephaly, and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) are the major obstetric factors that predispose the fetus to face presentation. Although the mechanisms of labor in face presentation are different from those of simple vertex presentation, there is no consistent alteration in the duration of labor in the absence of underlying CPD. When disproportion does not exist and gross anomalies are not present, the prognosis for spontaneous vaginal delivery is excellent. The majority of perinatal losses reported in face presentation have resulted from traumatic operative vaginal deliveries, specifically version and extraction and midforceps rotations. Recent experience at this institution with a limited series of face presentations demonstrates that, with careful intrapartum surveillance, delivery can be accomplished with no increase in risk to either mother or fetus.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1982

Value of X-ray pelvimetry in primiparas. II: influence on management of labor.

Despite its potential risks x-ray pelvimetry remains a common diagnostic procedure performed during labor. In order to determine whether x-ray pelvimetry measurements influence the outcome of labor (vaginal vs cesarean), 280 consecutive primiparous parturients were studied.Most parturients were black at term with a vertex presentation. Most pelvimetries were ordered for suspected cephalopelvic disproportion. Of the total number of parturients studied, 31.8 percent had cesarean deliveries, 85.4 percent of them because of CPD. The clinical characteristics compared were similar among the groups studied. X-ray pelvimetry values obtained by two techniques were similar to those previously reported. Although correlations between measurements and delivery route were noted, these values, by themselves, did not have a necessary correlation to the route of delivery in the majority of parturients studied.This finding, like others reported, emphasizes the need to abandon x-ray pelvimetry as a requirement for documenting contracted pelves before abdominal deliveries. CPD should be documented by evaluating the pelvis, quality of labor, and maternal-fetal well-being by other appropriate, less risky means readily available.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Critical point drying: contamination in transitional fluid supply cylinders.

We call attention to the occurrence of an oily residue in the CPD bomb after critical point drying, as well as the presence of rust, dirt, and an oily residue in CO2 and Freon supply cylinders. Bottled gas is often tested for purity once after manufacturing and then is pumped and stored, perhaps several times, before the consumer's cylinders are filled. The cylinders may be in use for over 40 years, and may never be chemically cleaned, although they are hydrostatically pressure tested every five years, with the date of each test stamped on the cylinder. To the bottled gas industry we recommend regular inspection of tanks for bottom contamination, and vacuum and chemical cleaning when contamination is found. To users of bottled gas for critical point drying, we recommend becoming aware of the procedures of cylinder inspection, cleaning, and circulation among users. We suggest reporting to the gas supplier any contamination produced by inadvertently backfilling the supply cylinder. Although a common awareness of the problem of supply cylinder residues should lead to failures, the best assurance of clean, oil-free, dry liquid CO2 and other transitional fluids may be in the development of in-line filters which would remove particles, oil and moisture between the supply cylinder and the CPD bomb. We also suggest the use of gas grades higher than commercial, such as welding anhydrous (CO2) or specialty gases.

Gases↗
PubMed1981

Liquid preservation of baboon red blood cells in acid-citrate-dextrose or citrate-phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant: effects of washing liquid-stored red blood cells.

Autologous baboon RBC stored at 4 C in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) or in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) for 3 weeks after collection had 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values of about 77%. When 20-day-old ACD and CPD baboon RBC were washed and then stored at 4 C for 24 hours before autotransfusion, the 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values were about 81%. These values were similar to those seen in studies of human RBC preserved in an identical manner. Our results indicated that the baboon can be used to evaluate RBC preservation techniques before human volunteers are studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The QT-interval during "pressure-autotransfusion" with heparin and citrate (author's transl)].

Nine anaesthetized, splenectomized dogs, heparinized with 300 IU/kg heparin i.v. had one tenth of their blood volume returned to them by autotransfusion under pressure. The blood was mixed with 1:5 0,9% NaCl for the "Heparin-Autotransfusion", and with 1:5 ACD-B or CPD-stabilisor for the "Citrate-Autotransfusion". The blood was removed from an opening made in the left renal artery, and autotransfused with the Bentley-System. A Stathem-Element was used to monitor the aortic pressure and the tracing obtained was divided into four phases: V is at the end of the blood loss before autotransfusion, G is at the peak, S is at the trough and ST is at the phase when the aortic pressure becomes stable. In these four phases the heart rate was also measured in the normal way using needle electrodes in the extremities. Following the method of Colletti the QT intervals of the ECG (RR, QoTc, QTc, SaTc, SoTc) were measured. Immediately after the blood loss (phase V) we found no alteration in the heart rate, depolarisation, isoelectric phase or repolarisation of myocardium. In phase G during the increase in blood volume, the heart rate slowed slightly, but the QT interval was unchanged. In the following phase S, during Heparin-Autotransfusion the heart rate was slightly reduced whilst the ECG remained unchanged. During Citrate-Autotransfusion there was a reduction in heart rate, and a corresponding prolongation of the QTc and QoTc, significantly, without any relationship to the infused dose of citrate. The prolongation of the SaTc and especially of the SoTc correlated directly with the infused dose of citrate. In phase ST using CPD only SaTc and SoTc were prolonged.

Animals↗