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PubMedDate not supplied

Paclitaxel and water-soluble poly (L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel, induce direct chromosomal abnormalities and cell death in a murine metastatic melanoma cell line.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of paclitaxel and water-soluble poly (L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel (PG-TXL), on chromosome morphology, telomeric associations, and induction of cell death in a murine melanoma cell line (K-1735 clone X-21). Murine melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations (0.1 microgram, 1.0 microgram, 4.0 micrograms, and 8.0 micrograms/ml) of paclitaxel alone, PG alone, or PG-TXL for 2 hr and 4 hr and harvested immediately without recovery. We found that: (1) the frequency of metaphases with telomeric associations increased, (2) metaphases had clumped and distorted chromosome morphology, (3) cells accumulated in metaphase (mitotic arrest), and (4) cell death had been induced. Cells treated with PG-TXL showed more such abnormalities than did cells treated with either paclitaxel or PG alone. Our preliminary results indicate that PG-TXL may be superior to paclitaxel alone in inducing cytotoxic effects, and these effects could be mediated by various chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Population kinetics of chromosomally abnormal human fibroblast subpopulations.

The proportion of cells with clonally derived chromosome rearrangements has been recorded at different passage levels in 16 lines of human fibroblast cultures derived from adults. All abnormal clone populations regonized at the lowest passge levels showed a stable or declining frequency relative to the normal cells, although 2 out of the 21 clones detected did show a transient increase. Only 2 clones were found at higher passage levels that were not previously identified at low passge. The observed selection against cells with rearrangements may reflect a general property of chromosome organization which ensures that cytogenetic abnormalities do not normally accumulate in rapidly dividing tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Chromosome abnormalities in bilateral breast carcinomas. Cytogenetic evaluation of the clonal origin of multiple primary tumors.

BACKGROUND: Although acquired somatic mutations presumably are crucial in carcinogenesis, nothing is known about the chromosome aberrations of bilateral breast carcinomas. METHODS: Eighteen specimens from 16 bilateral carcinomas were analyzed cytogenetically. The banding analysis was supplemented with fluorescence in situ hybridization with painting probes. RESULTS: In two cases, the finding of the same clonal abnormalities in samples from both breasts indicated that the bilaterality had arisen through a metastatic process. In the remaining cases, the absence of similarities between the two sides indicated an independent origin of the two carcinomas. Also, in multifocal lesions within the same breast, examples were found both of karyotypically related and unrelated clones. Altogether, multiple clones without similarities were detected in nine specimens, sometimes together with other, karyotypically related clones. There was no indication that bilateral carcinomas of the breast are cytogenetically different from unilateral ones. The following chromosomal abnormalities were recurrent: der(1;16)(q10;p10), del(1)(q11-n12), del(1)(q42), and del(3)(p12-n13p14-n21). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral breast carcinomas have the same cytogenetic aberrations, including evidence of polyclonality, as unilateral carcinomas. The majority apparently arise independently, but some result from a metastasis from one breast to the other. In this sense, bilateral breast carcinomas are similar to multifocal breast cancer in general, of which bilateral tumors may represent a special case.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Numerical chromosome abnormalities associated with early clinical stages of gynecologic tumors.

Cytogenetic data are presented for 12 ovarian, three endometrial, and one fallopian tube tumors. In 15 of these, primary tumors were analyzed and in one ascites was studied. All specimens were obtained at the time of diagnostic surgery. Trisomy for chromosome 7 was detected in three ovarian and one endometrial tumors. In one case, trisomy 7 was the sole cytogenetic abnormality detected. Three of the four patients with trisomy 7 had early stages of adenocarcinoma. The data suggest that numerical chromosome abnormalities may be common in borderline and in less aggressive gynecologic tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Erythrophagocytic acute lymphocytic leukemia with B-cell markers and with a 20q- chromosome abnormality.

An erythrophagocytic neoplastic infiltration of the bone marrow which resembled malignant histiocytosis was found in an elderly man who, when initially examined, had fever and cytopenias. Results of cytochemical and immunologic studies were consistent with an acute lymphocytic leukemia in which the lymphoblasts showed the simultaneous expression of lymphoid stem cell and B-cell markers. Chromosome analysis revealed an abnormal clone with a deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 20. This case illustrates (1) the occurrence of striking erythrophagocytosis by lymphoblasts at the time of initial presentation of a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia, (2) the fact that abnormalities of chromosome 20 can occur in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and (3) the capability of lymphoid malignant lesions to show the simultaneous expression of antigens that are characteristic of different stages of lymphoid differentiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

A fetus with an abnormal chromosome 7 and possible hydrolethalus syndrome.

A fetus with multiple abnormalities phenotypically similar to hydrolethalus syndrome, but also with broad thumbs, was found to have a de novo interstitial deletion of the terminal segment of the long arm of chromosome 7 and a small rearrangement within the proximal half of the p arm of the same chromosome. Terminal deletions of chromosome 7q fall into two broad phenotypic groups, neither of which resembles this fetus, but the digital anomalies are attributed to the 7p rearrangement disrupting the Greig syndrome gene.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Disappearance of enlarged nuchal translucency before 14 weeks' gestation: relationship with chromosomal abnormalities and pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the natural course of enlarged nuchal translucency (NT) and to determine if its disappearance before 14 weeks' gestation is a favorable prognostic sign in relation to fetal karyotype and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: A total of 147 women with increased NT (> 95th centile) at first measurement were included in this study. A second measurement was performed in all cases, at an interval of at least 2 days. Both measurements were taken between 10 + 3 and 14 + 0 weeks. All women underwent chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis for subsequent karyotyping. In those women with a normal karyotype, a fetal anomaly scan was performed at 20 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy outcome was recorded in all cases. The finding of persistent or disappearing NT enlargement was analyzed in relation to fetal karyotype and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: Of the 147 paired measurements, NT remained enlarged at the second measurement in 121 (82%) cases. An abnormal karyotype was found in 35% of these cases. In 26 (18%) fetuses the NT measurement was found to be below the 95th percentile at the second measurement and in only two of them an abnormal karyotype was found (8%). In the 103 chromosomally normal fetuses an adverse outcome (i.e. fetal loss or structural defects) was recorded in 22 fetuses with persistent enlargement (28%) and in four fetuses with disappearing enlargement (17%). CONCLUSIONS: Disappearance of an enlarged NT before 14 weeks' gestation is not a rare phenomenon and seems to be a favorable prognostic sign with respect to fetal karyotype. Overall, no significant difference in pregnancy outcome was found between chromosomally normal fetuses with persisting or disappearing NT enlargement.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗