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PubMed1995

Play ball!

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Baseball↗
PubMed1994

[Anthropometric and physiologic profile of Puerto Rican athletes: female softball].

This study was conducted to describe and compare various anthropometric, body composition, cardiorespiratory, metabolic and neuromuscular characteristics of 12 female athletes, members of the Puerto Rico national softball team. The subjects were divided into three categories according to their game specific requirements (game position): infielders (n = 5), outfielders (n = 4), and pitchers (n = 3). The mean and standard deviations of all the variables in each group was calculated. These athletes demonstrated high levels of body fat and below optimal levels of flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, and muscular strength and endurance. The results revealed deficiencies in the health related fitness components and in the physical preparation for sports competition. These results also suggest that the subjects are at risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, sport injuries, and poor sport performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Painful bipartite patella in young athletes. The diagnostic value of skyline views taken in squatting position and the results of surgical excision.

Nine patients with painful bipartite patella associated with young athletes were evaluated clinically and radiologically at an average of 60 months (range, 21 to 145 months) after excision of accessory nucleus of the patella. All patients were male and between 14 and 21 years of age when they were operated on. The indications for excision of separated fragments of the patella included: failure of nonoperative treatment for more than 3 months; radiographic evidence of significant irregularities of the articular surface of the separated fragment of the patella; and symptoms severe and prolonged enough to warrant surgery. Skyline views taken with the patient in a squatting position with weight bearing showed a wider separation of the accessory fragment from the main patella than did the nonweight bearing skyline views. This appears to be an important and useful diagnostic feature in a painful bipartite patellae; the authors propose that this radiographic examination should be called a "squatting position test". Histologically, the interface between the accessory and main patella was fibrocartilaginous, and the adjacent bone tissue was clearly demarcated by a dense lamina, indicating that the initial lesion was probably a traction lesion. All patients returned to full sports activity at their previous highest level within 4 to 7 weeks. The excision of accessory bone appears to be a simple and reliable procedure for avoiding prolonged postoperative treatment, reducing the length of incapacitation, and minimizing the danger of permanent stiffness of the joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Windmill pitcher's radial neuropathy.

The authors present two cases of severe radial nerve injury with different sites of pathology but a similar mechanism: the "windmill" pitching motion of competitive softball. Both patients required surgical intervention with neurolysis, and both improved postoperatively. The literature on related radial nerve injuries is briefly reviewed and pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Distal humeral epiphyseal separation in a young athlete: a case report.

Elbow pain in the young throwing athlete can have numerous etiologies. Skeletally immature athletes commonly sustain epiphyseal injuries secondary to trauma and/or repetitive activity. The case of a 7-year-old Little League pitcher with the diagnosis of distal humeral epiphyseal separation is presented along with a review of the current literature.

Baseball↗
PubMed1993

Electromyographic analysis and its role in the athletic shoulder.

In 1944, Inman made some conclusions regarding shoulder function that have become the foundation of a classic model. Clinical observations of the athletic shoulder and its associated common injuries have demonstrated selective weakness of specific rotator cuff muscles rather than generalized muscle impairment. Shoulder mechanics during athletic activities have been evaluated dynamically with electromyography (EMG), which has helped to formulate a base for optimal rehabilitation. Dynamic EMG and high-speed film analysis have been used to evaluate the shoulder during throwing, swimming, tennis, and golf. Evaluation of shoulder function in these various sports revealed that although rotator cuff function is important in all, the emphasis and role of individual muscles varied. The importance of serratus anterior muscle activity to stabilization and protraction of the scapula has been consistently reported. The muscles about the shoulder act according to their mechanical qualities and are function- or sport-specific. A thorough understanding of the mechanics of the normal and pathologic shoulder constitutes the foundation for training and rehabilitation strategies.

Baseball↗
PubMed1995

[Incidence of sports-related eye injuries].

The incidence of sports-related eye injuries was analyzed retrospectively for 1991-1993. It was fairly steady at about 2% of all eye casualties annually. 21% of those with sports-related eye injuries required hospitalization. The commonest pathological findings were corneal erosion (32%), eye lid injuries (27%), hyphema (19%) and macular edema (3%). Most eyes were injured during soccer (37%) and basketball (27%) games, the most popular sports in Israel.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Sports-specific injuries.

Injuries to the upper extremities can happen in any sport. Injury patterns are common to specific sports. Understanding which injuries occur with these sports allows the examiner to diagnose and treat the athlete easily. This article reviews some of the injuries common in sports such as bicycling, golf, gymnastics, martial arts, racquet sports, and weightlifting.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1977

Ununited fracture of the hook of the hamate.

Of nine ununited fractures of the hook of the hamate, eight were treated by surgical excision of the fragment. All eight patients had relief from persistent pain and regained the preinjury level of function. This fracture occurs frequently in athletes and is often not diagnosed because it can be demonstrated only by special roentgenographic views. It is concluded that this fracture may be less rare than is commonly believed and that surgical excision permits early return of function, especially in athletes and laborers who must be able to grip hard objects strongly.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow in a female pitcher.

We report a case of a 17-year-old female pitcher with bilateral elbow osteochondritis dissecans. Osteochondritis of the elbow is a well-known disorder affecting pitchers and other individuals who sustain repetitive microtrauma to the elbow. Elbow osteochondritis has been described infrequently in female athletes. The incidence and reporting patterns of this disease are likely to increase as more female athletes participate in organized sports.

Adolescent↗