Cell behaviour and DNA modification in pulsing electromagnetic fields.
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The present study was designed to evaluate whether a 2 year exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) equivalent to that generated by cellular phones can accelerate tumor development in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. Brain tumorigenesis was initiated by an intrauterine exposure to N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on gestational day 18. A total of 500 pups were divided into five groups, each composed of 50 males and 50 females: Group 1, untreated control; Group 2, ENU alone; Groups 3-5, ENU + EMF (sham exposure and 2 exposure levels). A 1.439 GHz time division multiple access (TDMA) signal for the Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), Japanese standard cellular system was used for the exposure of the rat head starting from 5 weeks of age, 90 min a day, 5 days a week, for 104 weeks. Brain average specific absorption rate (SAR) was 0.67 and 2.0 W/kg for low and high exposures, respectively: whole body average SAR was less than 0.4 W/kg. There were no inter-group differences in body weights, food consumption, and survival rates. No increase in the incidences or numbers per group of brain and/or spinal cord tumors, either in the males or females, was detected in the EMF exposed groups. In addition, no clear changes in tumor types were evident. Thus, under the present experimental conditions, 1.439 GHz EMF exposure to the heads of rats for a 2 year period was not demonstrated to accelerate or affect ENU initiated brain tumorigenesis.
Continuous 10-day exposure of the heart and adrenal regions of rabbits with myocardial infarction to electromagnetic field produced by decimeter waves leads to activation of kallikrein-kinin system. With the heart exposure, this activation comes through marked changes in microcirculatory bed, whereas in the adrenal exposure it is trophic defects that are induced in the myocardium. The exposure of the thyroid regions brings about unnoticeable effect.
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Effects of a pulsed-modulated superhigh frequency field (950 MHz, peak power of 300 mkW/cm2 and 1.5 mW/cm2, pulse duration of 1 ms, single pulse irradiation mode, a pause between an electromagnetic pulse and an optic or auditory stimulus--20 ms) on the cat's brain evoked potentials were investigated in the optic, auditory and sensomotor cortex using acoustic and visual stimulation. It was established that during an exposure to electromagnetic waves with peak power of 300 mkW/cm2 there were no reliable changes of the amplitude characteristics; but the amplitude of the auditory evoked potentials was reliably higher and the amplitude of the optic evoked potentials was reliably lower when they were affected by an electromagnetic field with peak power of 1.5 mW/cm2.
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