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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Ectopic breast cancer of the axilla].

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer occurring in women. These cancers may rarely develop within ectopic breast tissue. We report a case of ectopic axillary lobular carcinoma presenting as an isolated skin lesion with prolonged evolution. CASE-REPORT: A 62 year-old women had a cutaneous lesion located in her left axilla for the past 4 years. The skin biopsy showed an infiltrating lobular carcinoma. A mammogram and an MRI were as unremarkable as two past mammograms performed since the beginning of the skin lesion. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection, associated with radiotherapy and hormonotherapy with tamoxifen, led to complete remission. DISCUSSION: Ectopic breast tissue is subject to physiological and pathologic changes such as benign or malignant tumours. Cancer occurring in ectopic breast tissue remains rare but this diagnosis must be suspected when confronted with a skin lesion or mass located near the normal breasts.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed2003

A case of seven recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

If a woman with previous ectopic pregnancy ever gets pregnant again, the risk of a repeat ectopic pregnancy is said to be 4-fold. We present a rare case of 7 recurrent ectopic pregnancies in a 39-year-old Saudi woman, together with a literature review of the reproductive performance after recurrent ectopic pregnancy.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2003

Ectopic gestation following emergency contraception with levonorgestrel.

Reports of ectopic gestation after failure of emergency contraceptive pills have thus far been rare, although the use of various types of emergency contraceptive pills is becoming more and more popular world-wide. We report two cases of ectopic gestation following failure of levonorgestrel as over-the-counter emergency contraceptive pills. The women personally purchased the pills over-the-counter at a drugstore and took them routinely. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an ectopic gestation when an emergency contraceptive pill fails. We recommend to women the full use of established service networks to enhance education and dissemination of information on emergency contraception. Additionally, health providers should advise women very clearly that, if treatment fails, pregnancy could occur, including ectopic gestation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2004

[A case of ectopic ureterocele in a male adult found during examination of a traumatic injury].

We report a case of ectopic ureterocele in a male adult found during examination of a traumatic injury. A 26-year-old man sustained a blow to his left back during a football game and was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain. The computed tomographic scan showed a huge cystic mass in the retroperitoneum. A cystoscope revealed a large bulge from the left ureteral orifice to the bladder neck and another ureteral orifice distal to the bulge. Retrograde pyelography revealed an ectopic ureterocele showing a complete duplication, a lateral deviation of the left ureter and a bladder deviation to the right. An ectopic ureteral orifice was opening in the posterior urethra. An ureteral catheter inserted into this orifice revealed a dilated left ureter from the upper half of the kidney. Because the function of left upper of kidney was maintained, a transurethral incision was performed. Vesicoureteral reflux remained, but the postoperative course was uneventful. We discuss 11 cases of ectopic ureterocele in male adults including this case.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Application of laparoscopy in ectopic pregnancy complicated with intrauterine pregnancy: reports of 5 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of laparoscopy in treating ectopic pregnancy complicated with intrauterine pregnancy. METHOD: Laparoscopy was performed in 5 patients with ectopic pregnancy complicated with intrauterine pregnancy. RESULTS: The ectopic pregnancy tissue or the damaged fallopian tube was successfully excised laparoscopically. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy is safe for treating ectopic pregnancy complicated with intrauterine pregnancy, causing minimal injuries and less disturbance to intrauterine pregnancy and ensuring rapid recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pseudocyst formation in gastric ectopic pancreas.

CONTEXT: It is rare for ectopic pancreatic tissue to cause symptoms or require treatment, however diseases of normal pancreas may also occur in ectopic pancreas tissue. CASE REPORT: This report describes the clinical, endoscopic, radiologic and histologic features of a pseudocyst occurring in gastric ectopic pancreas in a 19-year-old man. The difficulty and implications of making an accurate pre-operative diagnosis are highlighted. CONCLUSION: Ectopic pancreatic tissue, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a submucosal gastric mass.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of Xiaochaihu Tang, a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation, on ectopic endometrium in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Xiaochaihu Tang (XCHT), a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation, on ectopic endometrium in rats. METHODS: In rat models of endometriosis, the effect of XCHT of ultrastructure of the ectopic endometrium was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: After treatment with XCHT at moderate (500 g/L) or high dose (750 g/L), ectopic endometrial growth was significantly inhibited (P<0.01); small-dose XCHT (250 g/L) was less effective (P<0.05). The volume of endometrium implant in the control group remained unchanged (P>0.05). The glandular cells in the endometrial implant after therapy with moderate- or high-dose XCHT showed characteristic features of apoptosis, presented by decreased cell size, karyopyknosis, cytoplasm and nuclear chromatin condensation, increased density and presence of apoptotic bodies. Some stromal cells displayed degenerative and necrotic changes. CONCLUSION: XCHT may inhibit the growth of ectopic endometrium by inducing cell death in the form of apoptosis and necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Thyroid papillary carcinoma in subhyoid ectopic thyroid tissue.

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity in thyroidology; however, the occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in such aberrant thyroid tissue has been reported. Carcinoma arising in subhyoid thyroid is especially unusual, with even fewer reports published. Usually, surgical excision is considered to be therapeutic strategy for managing possible malignancy in ectopic thyroid. Thyroid ultrasonography, radioactive iodine scanning, and fine-needle aspiration cytology are rapid, safe, and minimally invasive diagnostic procedures. We report one case of papillary carcinoma in subhyoid ectopic thyroid to emphasise the importance to evaluate all ectopic thyroid tissues.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed2004

[Immunopathological and histopathological aspects of ectopic implantation with possible effect on fertility disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate leucocytic infiltration of fetomaternal interface in ectopic pregnancy and to evaluate the changes in cell immunity against trophoblast (AT-CMI) in women with extrauterine pregnancy (GEU) in their medical history. To assess the effect of these factors on possible fertility disorders in a woman. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Mother and Child Care Institute, Prague. METHODS: In most of the patients, we addressed GEU through laparoscopy. The tube was extirpated in toto and immediately fixed in Baker's solution. Thereafter, it was prepared in a dissection microscope and then processed in a standard way. In order to identify the intensity of AT-CMI, we used the leucocyte migration inhibition test. The cytotrophoblastic cell line JAR was used as an antigen. The degree of inhibition of the migration was monitored by means of a computer image analyser. Inhibition of migration below 75% was rated as favourable. RESULTS: We monitored the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in the place of implantation and correlated the findings with the hCG levels and the presence of the foetal ovum or its part in the tube. In 28 patients (23.5%) of the total number of 119 patients in the group, we observed an inflammatory infiltrate in the place of implantation. In these patients, the hCG levels were lower and in 17 of them (60.7%) we did not prove the presence of a foetal ovum or its parts. In women with GEU in their medical history, the AT-CMI positivity was established in 61.1% of the women 1 year after surgery, in 56.8% of the women 1-3 years after surgery and in 41.2% of the women 3 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: Ectopic pregnancy involves a pathological fetomaternal interface. The leucocytic infiltrate in the area of implantation may be of secondary character and may cause gradual destruction of the ectopically positioned product of conception. The results of our study indicate a possible participation of the increased AT-CMI in the destruction of the ectopically located trophoblast. Persisting anti-trophoblast immunity may influence the occurrence and course of further gravidities.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed2005

[Malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells induced by ectopic expression of PC-1 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a mouse fibroblastic cell line stably transfected with PC-1 gene, and using such cell line to investigate tumor development and progression imposed by the ectopic expression of PC-1 gene. METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-)/myc-his-pc-1 was transfected into mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 by lipofectamine. Stable transfectants were selected by G418. The integration and expression of ectopic PC-1 gene were analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR. Cytomorphological analysis, MTT, soft agar colony formation and nude mice tumorigenesis assay were used to evaluate the effects of PC-1 gene expression on tumor development and progression. RESULTS: NIH 3T3 cell lines stably expressing PC-1 gene were successfully established and confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR analyses of the integration and expression of ectopic PC-1 gene. Comparing with the parental cell line and cells transfected with control vector, the PC-1 gene transfectants acquired several phenotypes of transformed cells: increasing growth rate, ability to grow and form cell colonies on soft agar, and becoming tumorigenic in nude mice. CONCLUSION: Ectopic expression of PC-1 gene in NIH3T3 cells can induce malignant transformation of mouse fibroblastic cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of progesterone on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human ectopic endometrial stromal cells].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of progesterone on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in ectopic endometrial stromal cells. METHODS: Ectopic endometrial stromal cells were obtained from 17 patients with endometriosis. Endometrial stromal cells were obtained from 12 patients with endometriosis and 14 cases of controls. Ectopic endometrial stromal cells of 15 cases were treated with progesterone. Culture supernatants of these stromal cells were analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography. RESULTS: Endometriotic stromal cells released significantly higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 than endometrial stromal cells from women with and without endometriosis. Progesterone at 10(-9) mol/L caused endometriotic stromal cells a significant reduction MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. When progesterone concentration was increased from 10(-9) mol/L to 10(-7) mol/L, the release of MMP-9 was almost completely inhibited, wherease that of MMP-2 was not completely inhibited. CONCLUSION: Progesterone may inhibit the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ectopic endometrial stromal cells, especially MMP-9.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (106). Viable left tubal twin ectopic pregnancy.

Live twin ectopic gestations are extremely rare. There are more than 100 reported twin tubal pregnancies but less than ten have foetal cardiac motions demonstrated in both embryos. We describe an additional patient with live twin ectopic gestation. A 32-year-old woman presented with increasing left-sided abdominal pains. She had a high beta-hCG level and a significant history of subfertility with previous surgical intervention. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed viable left tubal twin ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery. Factors that contribute to the risk of ectopic pregnancy, diagnosis and the management of this condition are described.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2005

[QT interval variability in adjacent areas on standard ecg during ectopic activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome].

Clinical and experimental evidence closely link malignant ventricular arrhythmia with increased dispersion of refractoriness and thus electrical heterogeneity in different kinds of heart diseases. Most increased dispersion of refractoriness is due to inhomogenous action potential duration in adjacent areas, decreased local conduction velocity or both. The article focuses on ectopic ventricular activity and on QT interval variability in adjacent segments on standard ECG in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The adjacent QT dispersion was defined as a difference between two adjacent leads. Seventy nine patients aged 54+/-6,5 in 6 hour interval after the attack with elevation of ST segments on ECG were studied. Fifteen patients aged 48+/-7 without elevation of ST segment on ECG served as control subjects. Patients were allocated to two groups: one included patients with 1-2 ectopic degree; group two included patients with 3-5 ectopic degree. In patients with acute coronary syndrome QT max and QTd was significantly higher than in control subjects (p<0,05). The increase of ventricular ectopic degree is linked with the increased adjacent QT dispersion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Antral ectopic pancreas causing gastric outlet obstruction].

Ectopic pancreas is an uncommon clinical finding. It is rare for heterotopic pancreas tissue to cause symptoms, however every disease of the pancreas may develop in it. The most common sites for ectopic pancreas are the submucosal layer of the stomach and the small intestine. Symptomatic ectopic pancreas usually causes diagnostic difficulties. Surgical excision is recommended if the patient has complaints. We report the case of a 32-year-old man. We performed subtotal gastrectomy because of a submucosal, antral tumour, that caused gastric outlet obstruction. The histological examination verified ectopic pancreas tissue. The patient recovered without any complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Expression of midkine in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with severe endometriosis and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of midkine (MK) in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with severe endometriosis and its clinical significance. METHODS: Immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (SP) method was used to detect MK expression and microvessel density (MVD) in eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Specimens of eutopic and ectopic endometrium were collected from 41 patients with serious endometriosis (study group) and 32 patients with uterine fibroid (control group). RESULTS: The positive rate of MK expression in the eutopic endometrium from study group was 63% (26/41). It was significantly higher than that in the ectopic endometrium from study group was 29% (12/41) and the eutopic endometrium from control group was 22% (7/32, P < 0.05). MK expression was positively correlated to microvessel density (r = 0.637, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Over-expression of MK protein is showed in the eutopic endometrium of patients with severe endometriosis and correlated to endometriotic angiogenesis. The change of MK expression in eutopic endometrium may be related to the pathogenesis of severe endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopic adrenocortical tissue along the inguinoscrotal path of children.

This study assessed the occurrence of ectopic adrenocortical tissue in the inguinal region of children and proposed an appropriate scheme of treatment. Three hundred sixteen inguinoscrotal operations were performed on 289 consecutive patients over a period of 12 months. Nodules considered as ectopic adrenocortical tissue were excised from eight patients (2.5%), and microscopic examination was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ectopic adrenocortical nodules were found in six male patients (1.9%). The nodules were located along the spermatic cord, in the apex of the hernial sac, and between the testis and epididymis. Microscopically, they were consisted of adrenal cortex surrounded by fibrous tissue. Hyperplasia or neoplastic changes were not identified. Surgeons should be aware that nodules along the inguinoscrotal path may represent ectopic adrenocortical remnants. These nodules should be recognized and removed whenever they are encountered incidentally as they may be associated with hyperplasia or neoplastic changes. Routine search for them is not necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of cigarette smoking, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and vaginal douching on ectopic pregnancy.

We conducted a case-control study of the relation between ectopic pregnancy and three exposures of interest: cigarette smoking, previous chlamydial infection, and vaginal douching. Cases were women with surgically confirmed tubal ectopic pregnancy; controls were women with intrauterine pregnancy at 14 weeks' gestation or less. All women were between the ages of 18-40 and were cared for at the same hospital. Sixty-nine case women and 101 controls were interviewed and underwent serologic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis exposure. Cases were more likely than controls to be nulliparous, non-white, and unmarried and to report a high school education or less (P less than .05). The proportions of cases and controls who reported smoking during the month of conception were 51 and 20%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for smoking was 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.2-5.1) when current smokers were compared with former smokers and women who had never smoked. The proportions of women who had previous chlamydial infection (immunoglobulin G [IgG] greater than 1:64) among cases and controls were 35 and 20% (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.6-3.0). Overall, 28% of cases and 19% of controls douched once or more per month (adjusted odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.3-2.2). We conclude that current cigarette smoking may be associated independently with ectopic pregnancy and that smoking cessation before the month of conception may reduce this risk. For these women, previous chlamydial infection and vaginal douching did not appear to increase significantly the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ectopic parathyroid adenoma: a case report].

A 69-year-old woman suffered from bilateral renal stones. Laboratory examinations showed primary hyperparathyroidism. Neck exploration including left hemithyroidectomy and partial thymectomy failed to reveal the abnormal parathyroid gland. Localization studies were done for an ectopic parathyroid adenoma. Repeated selective arteriography with digital subtraction technique revealed an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the upper mediastinum. Computed tomography, ultrasonotomography and selective venous sampling also confirmed this finding. Subsequently, mediastinal exploration with partial sternotomy was performed and the ectopic parathyroid adenoma was removed. We discuss the preoperative localization studies for ectopic parathyroid adenoma.

Adenoma↗