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PubMed2001

Supplementing treated anoestrous dairy cows with progesterone does not increase conception rates.

AIM: To determine whether conception rates of anoestrous dairy cows treated with progesterone and oestradiol benzoate (ODB) could be increased by treating them with additional progesterone following insemination at the induced oestrus. METHODS: Cows which had not been detected in oestrus for at least 21 days after calving in 18 herds were confirmed anovulatory anoestrus (AA) by veterinary examination, due to the absence of a detectable corpus luteum in the ovaries. All cows were treated with intra-vaginal progesterone (CIDR insert) for 6 days and injected with 1 mg ODB 24 h after insert removal (Day 0). Only cows which were seen in oestrus on Days 0, 1 or 2 were enrolled in the trial. These cows were either treated with a second CIDR insert on Day 8, for 7 days (P4+; n=422), or remained untreated (Control; n=756). Milk progesterone concentrations were measured in a subset of enrolled cows (n=669) on Day 8 to determine the proportion of cows that ovulated following the induced oestrus. RESULTS: Conception rates to first insemination were similar in P4+ and Control cows (40.3% and 37.2%, p=0.59). Of cows which had milk progesterone concentrations measured on Day 8, 78.6% displayed oestrus and ovulated, (range: 53.8% to 94.6% among herds). Of the cows that ovulated, conception rate to first insemination was 46.8% and 43.5% in P4+ and Control cows, respectively (p=0.86). CONCLUSION: Conception rates to first insemination in AA cows treated with progesterone and ODB were not increased by progesterone supplementation using CIDR inserts following insemination.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Have changes in the context of doctors' work altered the concept of the professional in medicine?

There is clearly current interest in the subject of doctors as professionals. Many other bodies look towards medicine for a definition of a professional. The term 'professional' is not easy to define but appears to include the concepts of a body of specialized knowledge and skill, autonomy, trust, responsibility and integrity, serving society, direct interaction with clients, duty to speak with authority and a licence to practise. This paper reflects on the changes in doctors' work, looking for any alteration in the concept of a professional. There have been significant recent changes in the context of medical work; medicine has suffered much bad publicity. In addition there have been major changes to the regulatory council and there have also been fundamental registration changes, including the revalidation of registration. The government has made substantial changes involving performance targets and management. In addition, patient power has been enhanced. This paper contends that there has been little change in the professional role of medical practitioners; this lack of change assists with defining the whole concept of a professional. The professional role appears to include elements of specialized knowledge, a service ethic and critical evaluation, but there are traits of personality within the concept. The paper concludes with the realization that a definition of a professional is both difficult and continually changing. There are important implications from this paper for other groups that seek to be professionals. Certainly, any such group needs to convince others that this title should indeed be used.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2006

Dance in mental health nursing: a hybrid concept analysis.

The aim of this concept analysis is to describe the defining attributes and consequences of the concept of dance and to define it in a mental health nursing context using hybrid concept analysis. Dance is a human resource learned from culture. Dance implies body movements, steps, expression, and interaction. The outcomes of dance are mostly functional, including a client's physical and emotional health, well-being, ability to cooperate with other people in activities of daily life, and meeting role expectations within family and community. Based on the findings of this concept analysis, dance can be used as a nursing intervention.

Dance Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parents' perceptions of their children's death concept.

To examine the differences between parents' and nonparents' beliefs regarding the concept of death in children, 352 individuals answered a demographic survey. Questions concerning beliefs about the age at which children develop the concept of the irreversibility of death were included on the survey. Parents believed that the concept is developed at an earlier age than did nonparents, and also believed that the concept is developed at an earlier age than has been revealed by most research.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Recovery following bereavement: an examination of the concept.

Herman Feifel noted that appropriate attention to one's mourning and grieving allowed the dead to die and the bereaved "to redefine and reintegrate oneself into life" (H. Feifel, 1977, p. 9). The author takes this central focus on bereavement outcomes as the springboard for an examination of the concept recovery following bereavement. He examines the meanings of the terms recover and bereavement and considers the centrality of concepts from life span human development, the life crisis literature, and existential phenomenology for defining the full possibilities of the concept of recovery following bereavement. Seminal ideas from Alexander Leighton and Thomas Attig are examined for their power to provide operational definitions for Feifel's idea about redefining and reintegrating oneself into life as the full meaning of the concept recovery following bereavement.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Differences in dentists' working postures when adopting proprioceptive derivation vs. conventional concept.

New technologies and changes in dental care, including the proprioceptive derivation (Pd) concept, aimed at providing dentists with greater comfort and better health, were introduced in Thailand. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in dentists' working postures when adopting different work concepts: Pd and the conventional concept. The results showed differences in dentists' sitting posture, clock-related working positions, and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores. This implied that Pd helped dentists to discover new ways of positioning themselves, and working comfortably and effectively, which made it possible for them to adopt better working posture and have lower RULA scores. In conclusion, the Pd concept had a positive effect on dentists' working posture.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2005

The conceptual basis for interprofessional collaboration: core concepts and theoretical frameworks.

Interprofessional collaboration is a key factor in initiatives designed to increase the effectiveness of health services currently offered to the public. It is important that the concept of collaboration be well understood, because although the increasingly complex health problems faced by health professionals are creating more interdependencies among them, we still have limited knowledge of the complexity of interprofessional relationships. The goal of this literature review was to identify conceptual frameworks that could improve our understanding of this important aspect of health organizations. To this end, we have identified and taken into consideration: (A) the various definitions proposed in the literature and the various concepts associated with collaboration, and (B) the various theoretical frameworks of collaboration. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the concept of collaboration is commonly defined through five underlying concepts: sharing, partnership, power, interdependency and process; (2) the most complete models of collaboration seem to be those based on a strong theoretical background, either in organizational theory or in organizational sociology and on empirical data; (3) there is a significant amount of diversity in the way the various authors conceptualized collaboration and in the factors influencing collaboration; (4) these frameworks do not establish clear links between the elements in the models and the outputs; and (5) the literature does not provide a serious attempt to determine how patients could be integrated into the health care team, despite the fact that patients are recognized as the ultimate justification for providing collaborative care.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Exploring links between the concepts of Quality of Life and resilience.

This paper explores links between the concepts of Quality of Life (QoL) and resilience. First, the definitions of QoL and resilience are explored separately, emphasizing that both concepts have been criticized for a lack of theory with resulting problems in description, prediction and measurement. The similarities and differences are then considered between these two related psychological concepts-resilience and QoL. The need is identified for establishing a theoretical model of QoL, and how elements from resilience research can be beneficially integrated within such a model is discussed. Further empirical work is needed to explore explicitly the relationship between these two related psychological concepts, and establish how well resilience can help explain individual variation in QoL reports in young children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2004

Identifying the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on musculoskeletal disorders and chronic widespread pain using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a reference.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically identify and compare the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on low back pain, chronic widespread pain, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a reference. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials carried out between 1991 and 2000 were identified using MEDLINE and selected according predefined criteria. The outcome measures were extracted and the concepts contained in the outcome measures were linked to the ICF. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine trials on low back pain, 42 trials on chronic widespread pain, 176 trials on osteoarthritis, 107 trials on osteoporosis and 382 trials on rheumatoid arthritis were included. Fifty-nine different health status questionnaires were extracted in low back pain, 29 in chronic widespread pain, 29 in osteoarthritis, 3 in osteoporosis and 48 in rheumatoid arthritis. Across conditions at least 77% (range 77-88%) of the extracted concepts could be linked to the ICF. In low back pain, chronic widespread pain and osteoarthritis the most used ICF-categories were sensation of pain (b280), in osteoporosis structure of trunk (s760) and in rheumatoid arthritis additional musculoskeletal structures related to movement (s770). The most used category across conditions was sensation of pain (b280) except for osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The ICF provides a useful reference to identify and quantify the concepts contained in outcome assessment used in clinical trials.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Identifying the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on four internal disorders using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a reference.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically identify and compare the concepts contained in outcome measures of clinical trials on chronic ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and obstructive pulmonary disease, including asthma using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a reference. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials between 1993 and 2003 were located in MEDLINE and selected according predefined criteria. The outcome measures were extracted and the concepts contained in the outcome measures were linked to the ICF. RESULTS: 166 trials on chronic ischaemic heart disease, 227 trials on diabetes mellitus, 428 trials on obesity, and 253 trials on obstructive pulmonary disease were included. Ten different health status questionnaires (fulfilling the inclusion criteria) were extracted in chronic ischaemic heart disease, 19 in diabetes mellitus, 47 in obesity, and 39 in obstructive pulmonary disease. Across conditions at least 75% (range 75-92%) of the extracted concepts could be linked to the ICF. In diabetes mellitus and obesity the most used ICF categories were general metabolic functions (b540), in obstructive pulmonary disease respiration functions (b440) and in chronic ischaemic heart disease heart functions (b410). CONCLUSION: In all 4 health conditions the majority of studies were drug trials focusing on clinically relevant parameters and not on functioning. The ICF provides a useful reference to identify and quantify the concepts contained in outcome assessment used in clinical trials.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1987

[Energy requirement of young female cattle. 3. Reproduction and products of conception].

The results with regard to reproduction obtained from a study lasting several years of the energy requirement of young female cattle reared with different intensity are described. It becomes apparent that there are relations between feeding, rearing intensity and insemination expenditure. Age and weight at the time of conception in the individual test series averaged between 290 and 630 days and 270 and 430 kg respectively. The weight of the conceptional products of 31 calvings was registered and, according to Jakobsen (1956, 1957), the energy and N content of the conceptional products was proportionally assigned to the prenatal test periods. In the last 140 days of gravidity the N balance per animal and day increases from 16 to 23 g. N retention of the cows is low in the last days of gravidity. The utilization of metabolizable energy for the development of conceptional products is calculated as a conventional comparative value provided the maintenance requirement per unit metabolic body weight of the cows and the utilization of metabolizable energy for energy retention in the cows on an average of 156 individual values of 12 +/- 8% are the same and correspond in their magnitude to analogous findings of other authors, mainly compiled from dairy cows.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Energy and nitrogen metabolism of pregnant and lactating sows in addition to the suckling piglets. 4. Chemical composition and energy content of the conception products, reproductive organs and the live weight gain or loss in pregnant or lactating sows].

The chemical composition and the energy content of the conception products, the reproductive organs and the live weight gains or losses of pregnant and lactating sows were determined in dependence on the litter number (1, 2 and 4) and the energy supply (120, 100 and 80% of requirement recommendation) of sows as well as on the course of gestation and lactation. The results will be used as a basis for factorial derivation of requirement recommendation. The deposition of protein and energy in the conception products in dependence on the time is characterized by an exponential function. The deposition of nutrients and energy in the conception products is increased with rising litter size. The deposition of nutrients and energy per fetus is lower in the litter number 1 than in the litter number 2 and 4. The energy supply in the selected limits has no significant influence on the litter size as well as on the intrauterine deposition of nutrients and energy. The litter number, the energy supply as well as the course of gestation and lactation influence considerably the weight, the chemical composition and the energy content in the mammary gland. The chemical composition and the energy content of the live weight gains or losses of pregnant and lactating sows are strong affected by the energy supply. The increased energy supply of the pregnant sows is connected with increased live weight gains and with increased contents of dry matter, fat and energy however decreased contents of protein in the live weight gains. The live weight losses of the lactating sows are connected with mobilisation of body fat and body protein. The proportion of body fat to body protein degradation is increased with increased losses of body weight. Regression equations are calculated for the relationships between course of gestation and lactation respectively and deposition of protein and energy in the conception products, reproductive organs and maternal live weight gains or losses of sows.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Accessibility, usability and universal design--positioning and definition of concepts describing person-environment relationships.

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to position, define and discuss three concepts crucial for research and practice concerning person-environment relationships, viz. accessibility, usability and universal design. METHODS: Literature review, synthesized with the authors' research and practice experiences. RESULTS: The authors suggest an instrumental, three-step definition to accessibility, highlighting that accessibility comprises a personal as well as a environmental component, and that accessibility must be analysed by an integration of both. Suggesting the introduction of an activity component, accessibility should partly be replaced by the more complex term usability. Universal design is highlighted as a more process-oriented but less stigmatizing concept. CONCLUSION: This paper contributes to the positioning and definition of concepts describing person-environment relationships. The definitions suggested challenge current terminology, but can support in developing more efficient research and practice strategies. In order to develop theory for application to societal planning issues, the definition of concepts is a necessary step.

Architectural Accessibility↗

PubMed1993

The concept of the gene: short history and present status.

The concept of the gene is and has always been a continuously evolving one. In order to provide a structure for understanding the concept, its history is divided into classical, neoclassical, and modern periods. The classical view prevailed into the 1930s, and conceived the gene as an indivisible unit of genetic transmission, recombination, mutation, and function. The discovery of intragenic recombination in the early 1940s and the establishment of DNA as the physical basis of inheritance led to the neoclassical concept of the gene, which prevailed until the 1970s. In this view the gene (or cistron, as it was called then) was subdivided into its constituent parts, mutons and recons, identified as nucleotides. Each cistron was believed to be responsible for the synthesis of a single mRNA and hence for one polypeptide. This colinearity hypothesis prevailed from 1955 to the 1970s. Starting from the early 1970s, DNA technologies have led to the modern period of gene conceptualization, wherein none of the classical or neoclassical criteria are sufficient to define a gene. Modern discoveries include those of repeated genes, split genes and alternative splicing, assembled genes, overlapping genes, transposable genes, complex promoters, multiple polyadenylation sites, polyprotein genes, editing of the primary transcript, and nested genes. We are currently left with a rather abstract, open, and generalized concept of the gene, even though our comprehension of the structure and organization of the genetic material has greatly increased.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Validation of a new measure of concept of a good death.

BACKGROUND: The concept of a good death is central to end-of-life care research. Despite its importance and the high interest in the topic, there are few measures currently available for use in clinical research. PURPOSE: The present work describes the development and testing of a set of items intended to measure the importance of several components posited to be critical to the concept of a good death. It is intended for use with health care providers and lay people in the context of end-of-life care research and education. POPULATION: Four cohorts (n = 596) were recruited to participate, representing two helping profession disciplines, nonhelping professionals, and a range of ages, specifically: (1) undergraduate medical students; (2) master's degree students in nursing; (3) graduate students from the life sciences; and (4) practicing hospice nurses. METHODS: Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and retest. Psychometric analyses included item frequency distributions, factor analysis, alpha reliability, intraclass correlation, and measures of association. RESULTS: The new Concept of a Good Death measure demonstrated good item frequency distributions, acceptable internal consistency reliability, and test-retest stability. Its factor structure revealed that three distinct domains are measured, reflecting the psychosocial/spiritual, physical, and clinical aspects of a good death. An examination of patterns of correlations showed differential associations with death anxiety, spiritual beliefs and practices, anxious mood, and sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The new Concept of a Good Death instrument appears to measure three distinct factors which people consider important to a Good Death. Ratings of the importance of these factors are reliable and valid. The instrument has the advantage of being a brief, self-report index for use in end-of-life care research.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

ConceptDrift: leveraging spatial, temporal and semantic evolution of biomedical concepts for hypothesis generation.

MOTIVATION: Hypothesis generation is a fundamental problem in biomedical text mining that aims to generate ideas that are new, interesting, and plausible by discovering unexplored links between biomedical concepts. Despite significant advances made by existing approaches, they do not fully leverage the evolutionary properties of biomedical concepts. This is limiting because scientific knowledge continually evolves over time, with new facts being added and old ones becoming obsolete. Thus, it is crucial to capture the evolutionary properties of biomedical concepts from multiple perspectives (e.g. spatial, temporal, and semantic) to generate hypotheses that reflect the up-to-date information landscape of the biomedical domain. RESULTS: We introduce a novel framework, ConceptDrift, that models the hypothesis generation task as a sequence of temporal graphlets and simultaneously encodes spatial, temporal, and semantic change. Unlike existing approaches that treat these dimensions independently, ConceptDrift is the first to provide a holistic understanding of concept evolution by integrating them into a unified framework. Grounded in the theories of the Distributional Hypothesis and Conceptual Change, our method adapts these principles to the unique challenges of large-scale biomedical literature. We conduct extensive experiments across multiple datasets and demonstrate that ConceptDrift consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in generating accurate and meaningful hypotheses. Our framework shows immediate practical benefits for web-based literature mining tools in life sciences and biomedicine, offering more robust and predictive feature representations. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: https://github.com/amir-hassan25/ConceptDrift (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29975476).

Semantics↗

PubMed2001

The influence of olfactory concept on the probability of detecting sub- and peri-threshold components in a mixture of odorants.

The headspace of apple juice was analysed to obtain an ecologically relevant stimulus model mixture of apple volatiles. Two sets of volatiles were made up: a set of eight supra-threshold volatiles (MIX) and a set of three sub-threshold volatiles. These sets were used to test the hypothesis that sub-threshold components can change the quality of a familiar smelling mixture of odorants when added to this mixture. In order to test this hypothesis, three successive dilutions of the sub-threshold volatiles were prepared in such a way that the strongest was at the threshold concentration and the two lower concentrations were below the threshold. The detection probabilities of the sub-threshold components in a blank stimulus were compared with the detectabilities in MIX. The sub- and peri-threshold volatiles were detected no better in MIX than in a blank. On the contrary, sub- and peri-threshold volatiles were better detected alone than when added to MIX. However, when the group of subjects was split into two sub-groups, employing either a rough or a detailed concept definition of the target stimulus, respectively, the subjects with highly refined concepts were better able to detect the presence of sub-threshold volatiles in MIX than those with poorly refined stimulus concepts. The effect of stimulus concept definition occurred independently of the proportions of correct detections of sub-threshold volatiles in a blank.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Changing concepts of health and illness among children of primary school age in Western Kenya.

This paper examines changes in children's concepts of health and illness following an action-oriented health education intervention in Bondo district of Western Kenya. The study is a feasibility study exploring a specific educational approach, and it combines elements of health education research and anthropological research. Forty primary schoolchildren aged 10-15 years of age underwent a 2-month intervention and were thereafter enrolled as health communicators in a longitudinal study for an additional period of 12 months. Data were collected before, during and after the intervention using in-depth interviews and the draw-and-write technique. Students' actions and their active participation were key elements in the intervention. Although the intervention from the beginning focused on two specific diseases (malaria and diarrhea), the students were involved in developing their own ideas and visions about which changes to make, which actions to carry out and which target groups to approach. Data showed that children had acquired new concepts of health, some of which incorporated elements of the old ones. More action-oriented health concepts were identified and a general change from an external locus of control towards an internal locus of control was found. The study concludes that students can modify and broaden their concepts of health and illness through action-oriented health education. Key factors are the development of students' ownership through active and participatory teaching and learning approaches.

Adolescent↗