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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Hyponatremia in psychogenic polydipsia.

Twenty psychotic patients with psychogenic polydipsia had hyponatremia (98 to 124 mEq/L) lasting up to 28 months, with headache, hypertension, dementia, seizures, lethargy, and coma. Two deaths also may be attributed to this syndrome. Patients drank 7 to 43 L of water daily. Urine was dilute during this water load (37 to 95 mOsm/kg), and free water clearance ranged from 12 to 36 L/day, while plasma osmolality was 236 to 244 mOsm/kg. During fluid deprivation in seven such patients, urinary osmolality exceeded plasma osmolality when plasma concentration had risen to between 242 and 272 mOsm/kg, thus suggesting a "reset osmostat" or antidiuretic hormone response to nonosmotic stimuli. This tended to sustain hyponatremia. Polydipsia should be recognized as a cause of hyponatremia, perhaps with reset osmostat. This ultimately may cause dementia or death, possibly secondary to recurrent cerebral edema. This sequence of events is potentially preventable or correctable.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Blood detoxication procedures in extra-renal diseases].

In a survey concerning the application of haemodialysis, ultrafiltration, haemofiltration, haemoperfusion and separation of plasma in the treatment of non-renal diseases clinically tested methods are discussed. The therapy of endogenic and exogenic poisonings as well as the removal of hyperhydrations of different genesis using extracorporeal systems can be clarified scientifically with the help of clinical course and laboratory findings. The separation of plasma on membrane opens new possibilities of therapy of above all immunologically conditioned diseases. The valency of the treatment of schizophrenia needs further intensive research concerning etiology and pathogenesis, since the judgment of the success of therapy still underlies too many subjective factors.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1976

[Collodion baby. Clinical course based on 29 cases].

Study of 29 cases of collodion baby and 169 cases previously published led to several conclusions. In the short-term, the child is threatened by pulmonary infections. The increased skin permeability may result in the loss of water or intoxication by cutaneous absorption of a substance applied to the skin. In the long-term the condition progresses to one of a congenital disturbances in keratinisation. In 2/3 of cases, the problem is that of congenital non-bullous ichthyosiform erythrodermia. Profression to lamellar ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, circumflex linear ichthyosos and Conradi's syndrome is established. Ichthyosis related to sex in our cases did not seem to be a feature of the collodion baby, the opinion in the literature being divergent. Congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythrodermia never begins as collodion baby syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Uric acid, anion gap and urea concentration in the diagnostic approach to hyponatremia.

We analyzed the serum anion gap (AG = sodium plus potassium minus chloride plus bicarbonate, N = 11-21 mEq/l), serum uric acid and urea concentrations in hyponatremia of various origins. We found that characteristic chemical patterns emerged in association with different hypotonic states: Low uric acid concentration was typically observed in the SIADH and in hyponatremia related to hypopituitarism. The same observation was also frequently noted in hyponatremia secondary to diuretics or to polydypsia. In the SIADH, we observed a decrease in the AG but to a greater extent (-26%) than one would expect from the simple dilutional effect (-16%). Fifty percent of the patients presented an AG lower than 11 mEq/l. In patients with diuretic-related hyponatremia, one group presented an hypouricemia and a low AG as in SIADH (reflecting volume expansion), in the other group the AG was normal or increased as was uric acid concentration (reflecting volume depletion). In adrenocorticotropin deficiency, hyponatremia was typically associated with a low bicarbonate concentration, a normal AG and hypouricemia. In polydypsic patients with hyponatremia, the AG was usually normal or increased despite sometimes very low sodium levels. Uric acid levels were highly variable, most often decreased. We also noted in these patients that the serum urea levels were correlated with urine osmolality (R = +0.8; p < 0.001), and in 40% of them we observed very low blood urea concentration (0.5-2 mmol/l) at the admission time. In hyponatremia related to cardiac failure or cirrhosis, the AG was usually normal despite mild hypoproteinemia.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

[Acute kidney failure as a complication of food poisonings].

Literature data and original experience are reviewed on the treatment of alimentary toxoinfections complicated with acute renal failure (ARF). Out of 192 patients prerenal ARF was recorded in 74.5%, renal in 25.5% of the cases. ARF resulted from hemodynamic disturbances, salt and water loss, intoxication. ARF clinical symptoms were poor, the patients developed decompensated metabolic acidosis and hyperazotemia. Pathological and histological evidence is available for 17 patients with "shock kidney". They died of infective toxic shock. The treatment of ARF complicating acute alimentary toxoinfections in 98.9% made a success if implied polyion crystalloid solutions. Hemodialysis was demanded in 1.1% of the cases.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

[Seizures and hyponatremia in a newborn infant].

A three days old mature female newborn presented with seizures. The diagnostic data revealed a hyponatraemia (113 mmol/l) as pathogenic origin. Further causes of convulsions could be excluded. Administering saline solution (0.9%) intravenously the plasma sodium level reached normal ranges within 36 hours. We propose that an excessive enteral administration of glucose solution during the first three days of life must have led to dilutional hyponatraemia. This suggestion is in accordance with observations in older children presenting with similar symptoms.

Diagnosis, Differential↗