Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTIs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Examination of aggravating factors of urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

We measured urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with a view to study the underlying factors which aggravate renal impairment immediately after ESWL. The factors associated with the significant elevation of urinary NAG after ESWL included female sex, a previous history of ESWL, and urinary tract infection (UTI). By studying the backgrounds of these factors, we found that both the female group and the group with a previous history of ESWL contained significantly more patients with UTI. These findings indicate that UTI may be one of the risk factors which aggravate renal damage immediately after ESWL, and that careful management is necessary in the ESWL treatment of urinary tract stones with UTI.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

Trinitrophenyl-derivative of urinary trypsin inhibitor: a strong antifibrinolytic agent.

A trinitrophenyl derivative of urinary trypsin inhibitor (TNP-UTI) was found to demonstrate approximately 50 times stronger antiplasmin fibrinolysis than the intact UTI. Almost no change in antitrypsin or antichymotrypsin activity occurred as a result of the UTI modification. TNP-UTI was also shown to be a strong inhibitor of nonplasmin mediated fibrinolysis.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of urinary trypsin inhibitor in urine, plasma and cancer tissues of patients with stomach cancer.

Antiserum was obtained from rabbits immunized with a highly purified preparation of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) conjugated with rabbit serum albumin. Anti-UTI antibody did not cross-react with antibody against inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) as determined by immunodiffusion against human plasma. A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay was developed for the determination of UTI-related antigens (UTIR) in plasma, urine and cancer tissues. The level of UTIR correlated with UTI activity in urine. UTIR levels in urine and plasma did not change with age, but UTIR levels were higher in the stomach cancer tissue than in the surrounding stomach mucosa. UTIR levels did not correlate with I alpha I levels in the plasma of patients with stomach cancer, thus the increase was not considered due to the contamination of circulating I alpha I in the cancer tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Detection of antigens from gram-negative bacilli in urine of children with urinary tract infections. I. Common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae.

Enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) has attracted considerable interest since the original publication by Kunin in 1962. In the present study we demonstrated this antigen directly in the urine from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) elicited by enterobacteria. Sheep erythrocytes were incubated with UTI urine; this resulted in their coating with ECA, which was studied by means of hemagglutination by anti-ECA serum. Test tube hemagglutination and the more simple slide hemagglutination were employed and with both procedures similar results were obtained. Positive results were observed in 94-99% of urine specimens from enterobacterial UTI collected in The Buffalo Children's Hospital in the 1960s. ECA in urine could also be demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition. In this test, antibodies in anti-ECA serum were neutralized as a result of incubation of this serum with urine, and agglutination by the antiserum of sheep erythrocytes coated with a standard ECA preparation was prevented or reduced. By means of this latter test, ECA could be demonstrated in 67-88% of urine specimens from enterobacterial UTI. The possible diagnostic application of these tests has been discussed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection by meatal disinfection.

The incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) becomes higher with prolongation of the indwelling period of a catheter. As to the entry of bacteria, ascending UTIs have now attracted attention. In the present study. the metal area was examined bacteriologically and the possibility to use antiseptics for blocking the route of developing infections was investigated. The subjects included 72 patients with an indwelling, urethral catheter inserted post-operatively. These patients were divided into three groups treated with once or twice daily application of povidone-iodine or once daily application of povidone-iodine cream. In these groups, the relation between changes in isolation of bacteria from the meatal area and the incidence of UTI was evaluated. It was found that reduction in bacterial count by antisepsis is effective to prevent ascending UTIs. Moreover, once daily application of povidone-iodine was proven to be effective in male patients. The effective antisepsis in females was twice daily application of povidone-iodine.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1996

Effect of urinary tract infection on disintegration of calcium-containing stones.

To evaluate the possible effect of urinary tract infection (UTI) on the fragility of calcium-containing stones (calcium-oxalate, calcium-phosphate), the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) therapy in 81 patients with UTI and 30 patients with no sign of UTI were comparatively evaluated. ESWL parameters (shock wave number, kilovolt value, treatment time) and stone-free status during 3 and 6 months of follow-up were assessed for each patient, and the results were evaluated with respect to stone presence. Our results indicated that the presence of UTI may decrease stone fragility and increase stone clearance time. We believe that deterioration of peristaltic dynamics in the renal pelvis and the ureteral wall may reveal prolonged stone clearance phases in such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Spectrum of bacterial pathogens in uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections.

The spectra of bacterial organisms of urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with and without abnormalities in the urinary tract (complicated and uncomplicated UTIs) are compared. Data from the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany are included. In addition, the susceptibility of the pathogens to antibiotics (for oral or parenteral application) in both countries are compared. In conclusion, rational antibiotic therapy of complicated UTIs should strictly follow the antibiogram of the causative organism. For therapy of uncomplicated UTIs, the regional state of antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens according to geographical location should be considered and kept up to date.

Escherichia coli Infections↗
PubMed2025

Urobiota analysis and genome-wide association study in pediatric recurrent urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common severe bacterial infections in young children, often associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). To explore host genetic-microbiota interactions and their clinical implications, we analyzed the urinary microbiota (urobiota) and conducted genome-wide association studies for bacterial abundance traits in pediatric patients with UTI and VUR from the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux and Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation cohorts. We identified 4 urobiota community types based on relative abundance, characterized by the genera Enterococcus, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia/Shigella, and their associations with VUR, age, and toilet training. Children with VUR exhibited decreased microbial diversity and increased abundance of genera that included opportunistic pathogens, suggesting a disrupted urobiota. We detected genome-wide significant genetic associations with urinary bacterial relative abundances, in or near candidate genes including CXCL12, ABCC1, and ROBO1, which are implicated in urinary tract development and response to infection. We showed that Cxcl12 was induced 12 hours after uropathogenic bacterial infection in mouse bladder. The association with CXCL12 suggests a genetic link between UTI, VUR, and cardiovascular phenotypes later in life. These findings provide the first characterization to our knowledge of host genetic influences on the pediatric urobiota in UTI and VUR, offering insights into the interplay between disease, host genetics, and the urobiota composition.

Urinary Tract Infections↗
PubMed1992

Circumcision: is the risk of urinary tract infection really the pivotal issue?

Recent information regarding the increased risk of urinary tract infections in the first year of life for uncircumcised boys has created confusion regarding the appropriate guidance to be given to parents confronting the circumcision issue. A decision model was built that addressed the question of whether or not to circumcise a newborn male considering the probability of a non-circumcised boy having a UTI in the first year of life (0.041), the probability of a circumcised boy having a UTI in the first year of life (0.002), and the likelihood of renal scarring from a UTI (0.075). After considering the morbidity associated with the procedure, all possible outcomes were ranked from worst to best (circumcised-renal pathology to uncircumcised-no infection) and given a value on a 0 to 1 scale. For the set of values assigned to the outcomes, the choice of no circumcision yielded the highest expected utility. For the set of assigned utilities, sensitivity analysis showed that unless the probability of a UTI in the first year of life for an uncircumcised male was greater than or equal to 0.29, then non-circumcision was still the preferred choice. The decision was most sensitive to the degree of aversion to the morbidity associated with the procedure (pain, bleeding, inflammation).

Circumcision, Male↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of parenteral nutrition catheter sepsis with urinary tract infections.

The infection rate (IR) of central venous catheters (CVCs) used for parenteral nutrition (PN) was prospectively evaluated over a 12-month period, with emphasis on the relationship between CVC sepsis and preexisting sites of infection. Sepsis was presumed if the CVC tip or blood culture was positive, or if defervescence followed CVC removal. Four hundred seventy-three CVCs were placed for PN for a total of 5,422 patient days, with a mean length of stay of 11.5 days. Twenty two CVCs led to sepsis for an IR of 4.65% or 4.06 infections per 1000 patient days. Twenty of the 22 septic CVCs were in patients with other sites of infection. The IR was 12.0% (20/166) when other sites of infection were present and 0.65% (2/307) in the absence of a second site. The mean length of stay was 13.2 days for CVCs with other sites of infection and 10.3 days for CVCs with no other site of infection. Fifty nine percent of septic CVCs had secondary sites of infection that included urinary tract infections (UTI). Of all septic CVCs, 22.7% had no site of infection other than UTI. The presence of UTI appears to present a high risk of CVC sepsis. Appropriate identification and treatment of UTI prior to CVC insertion is recommended.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical diagnosis and the order of information.

BACKGROUND: Information order can influence judgment. However, it remains unclear whether the order of clinical data affects physicians' interpretations of these data when they are engaged in familiar diagnostic tasks. METHODS: Of 400 randomly selected family physicians who were given a questionnaire involving a brief written scenario about a young woman with acute dysuria, 315 (79%) returned usable responses. The physicians had been randomized into two groups, and both groups had received the same clinical information but in different orders. After learning the patient's chief complaint, physicians received either the patient's history and physical examination results followed by the laboratory data (the H&P-first group) or the laboratory data followed by the history and physical examination results (the H&P-last group). The results of the history and physical examination were supportive of the diagnosis of UTI, while the laboratory data were not. All physicians judged the probability of a urinary tract infection (UTI) after each piece of information. RESULTS: The two groups had similar mean estimates of the probability of a UTI after learning the chief complaint (67.4% vs 67.8%, p = 0.85). At the end of the scenario, the H&P-first group judged UTI to be less likely than did the H&P-last group (50.9% vs 59.1%, p = 0.03) despite having identical information. Comparison of the mean likelihood ratios attributed to the clinical information showed that the H&P-first group gave less weight to the history and physical than did the H&P-last group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The order in which clinical information was presented influenced physicians' estimates of the probability of disease. The clinical history and physical examination were given more weight by physicians who received this information last.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1982

Cinoxacin (Cinobac, Eli Lilly & Co.).

Cinoxacin, a synthetic organic acid antibacterial agent, related structurally to nalidixic and oxolinic acid, has been approved for the treatment of initial and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible gram-negative microorganisms. The role of cinoxacin in the treatment of UTIs, compared with the usual first-line agents, is uncertain at this time. The efficacy of cinoxacin in the treatment of pyelonephritis, compared with these proven agents, has been examined in only small numbers of patients, and cinoxacin is more expensive than these agents. Cinoxacin may prove valuable in the treatment of prostatitis and in the prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs; further study in these areas is warranted. In the routine treatment of acute UTIs, cinoxacin perhaps should be reserved only for those patients with organisms resistant to usual first-line agents or those who fail to respond to therapy with these agents. In this respect, cinoxacin may, in the future, replace nalidixic acid.

Cinoxacin↗
PubMed1994

Management of bacterial urinary tract infections in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive review of the diagnosis and therapeutic management considerations in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent English language literature, including reviews. Infectious disease textbooks were used for background information. STUDY SELECTION: Clinical trials evaluating drug therapy in a variety of patient populations with UTIs were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Background information was obtained from comprehensive reviews. Drug dosing strategies and efficacy comparisons were extracted from the investigations in this area. DATA SYNTHESIS: Information was processed to provide general guidelines and resources for practitioners to use in managing UTIs. CONCLUSIONS: There are a number of useful antibiotics for the management of UTIs. The distinctions between infection severity and underlying risk factors within a given population influence the appropriateness of drug selection and duration of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Urinary tract infection in children: a review of its pathogenesis and risk factors.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest bacterial infections seen in children, ranking second only to those of the respiratory tract. A steady flow of urine, complete emptying of the bladder and various host defences provide the principal means of protection. Urinary stasis, on the other hand, provides an opportunistic environment for bacterial multiplication; several other factors also contribute to UTI, such as urinary obstruction, vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) and other urinary tract malformations. UTI, especially in the presence of VUR, may lead to scarring of the kidney and progressive renal disease. It is vital, therefore, to diagnose such anomalies at an early stage, the overall aim being to identify those at high risk so that measures may be taken to prevent serious complications and preserve renal function. Those at low risk of UTI, however, should not be over investigated; this is in order to keep invasive procedures down to a minimum. Whenever possible, the management of high risk cases is best discussed between paediatrician, microbiologist, radiologist, urologist and the general practitioner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Infectivity of hepatic strain Klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetic mice.

Besides urinary tract infection (UTI) and pneumonia, increased severe liver abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), especially in diabetic patients, have been observed in infections acquired in hospitals. This indicates that different KP strains with higher virulence have emerged in recent years. Our goal was to investigate the infectivity of KP isolates in mice from liver abscess or UTI patients. Mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Male ICR mice were infected with KpU1 (UTI strain CG3 for survival experiment only) and KpL1 (liver abscess strain CG5) by tail-vein injection of 5 x 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) bacterial suspension. The mice survival rates, cytokine level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and bacterial presence in liver tissue by Giemsa stain were examined. The survival rates for the KpL1-infected animals were 28% and 0% in normal and diabetic groups, respectively, whereas, for the KpU1-infected mice, the rates were 100% and 75% during a 30-day observation. Nonsurviving KpL1-infected mice showed > 10(5) bacteria/ml blood and the bacteria appeared in the liver sinus area and inside liver cells. The KpL1-infected mice showed a tendency to increase the blood interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) level in both nondiabetic and diabetic groups, whereas the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level was significantly decreased in the KpL1-infected diabetic mice (P = 0.002). In conclusion, the KP strain from liver abscess showed a greater virulence in mice than the KP from UTI and was more virulent in diabetic than in nondiabetic mice. The infection with KP from liver abscess significantly decreased the blood TNF-alpha level in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice and the blood IL-1beta level tended to increase in both infected nondiabetic and diabetic groups. High blood bacterial count and appearance of bacteria in liver sinus and cells usually contribute to death of the animals.

Abscess↗
PubMed2003

Human immunodeficiency virus and urinary tract infections in children.

This was a retrospective study of HIV-infected children aged 0-12 years attending the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa over a 5-year period (January 1996 to December 2001) with culture-proven urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI was defined as the presence of a single bacterial growth of >10(5) colony-forming units/ml in a clean-catch, mid-stream urine sample or >10(3) organisms/ml in a catheter or suprapubic aspirate of urine. HIV/AIDS was diagnosed in accordance with World Health Organization and/or Centers for Disease Control criteria. Comparison between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with UTI was done using the chi2 and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Of the 55 children recruited into the study, 29 (52.1%) were HIV-positive and 26 (47.3%) HIV-negative. Escherichia coli was isolated in 50 (87.2%) children. Clinical presentation, aetiological agents, response to therapy and renal function were similar in both groups. This study showed no significant impact of HIV/AIDS on the presentation of UTI in children.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

In vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol against pathogens from urinary tract infections: a Spanish multicenter study.

The in-vitro susceptibilities of a total of 1371 urinary tract pathogens to fosfomycin trometamol were determined. According to the NCCLS breakpoints, Enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive microorganisms were, in general, very sensitive to this antimicrobial. More than 90.0% of the Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. and more than 70.0% of the Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterococcus spp. strains tested were susceptible to fosfomycin trometamol. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. strains were more resistant. In general, recent clinical isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both community and hospital were also very sensitive (> 80.0%) to fosfomycin, its activity being higher than that of the rest of the antimicrobials commonly used for therapy of uncomplicated UTIs. More than 75.0% of the most frequently isolated pathogens from UTIs, except for P. aeruginosa (31.8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11.1%), were susceptible to fosfomycin trometamol. The results obtained in this study, together with the infrequency of side effects and its pharmacokinetic properties, indicate that fosfomycin trometamol may be a useful alternative for single-dose therapy of uncomplicated UTIs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

How does study quality affect the results of a diagnostic meta-analysis?

BACKGROUND: The use of systematic literature review to inform evidence based practice in diagnostics is rapidly expanding. Although the primary diagnostic literature is extensive, studies are often of low methodological quality or poorly reported. There has been no rigorously evaluated, evidence based tool to assess the methodological quality of diagnostic studies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the extent to which variations in the quality of primary studies impact the results of a diagnostic meta-analysis and whether this differs with diagnostic test type. A secondary objective was to contribute to the evaluation of QUADAS, an evidence-based tool for the assessment of quality in diagnostic accuracy studies. METHODS: This study was conducted as part of large systematic review of tests used in the diagnosis and further investigation of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. All studies included in this review were assessed using QUADAS, an evidence-based tool for the assessment of quality in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies. The impact of individual components of QUADAS on a summary measure of diagnostic accuracy was investigated using regression analysis. The review divided the diagnosis and further investigation of UTI into the following three clinical stages: diagnosis of UTI, localisation of infection, and further investigation of the UTI. Each stage used different types of diagnostic test, which were considered to involve different quality concerns. RESULTS: Many of the studies included in our review were poorly reported. The proportion of QUADAS items fulfilled was similar for studies in different sections of the review. However, as might be expected, the individual items fulfilled differed between the three clinical stages. Regression analysis found that different items showed a strong association with test performance for the different tests evaluated. These differences were observed both within and between the three clinical stages assessed by the review. The results of regression analyses were also affected by whether or not a weighting (by sample size) was applied. Our analysis was severely limited by the completeness of reporting and the differences between the index tests evaluated and the reference standards used to confirm diagnoses in the primary studies. Few tests were evaluated by sufficient studies to allow meaningful use of meta-analytic pooling and investigation of heterogeneity. This meant that further analysis to investigate heterogeneity could only be undertaken using a subset of studies, and that the findings are open to various interpretations. CONCLUSION: Further work is needed to investigate the influence of methodological quality on the results of diagnostic meta-analyses. Large data sets of well-reported primary studies are needed to address this question. Without significant improvements in the completeness of reporting of primary studies, progress in this area will be limited.

Child↗