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1,271 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of blood pressure measurements obtained in dogs by use of indirect oscillometry in a veterinary clinic versus at home.

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood pressure and heart rate measurements performed in a veterinary clinic to similar measurements performed in a dog's home. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 14 client-owned, clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Sequential blood pressure and heart rate measurements were recorded from the metatarsus and metacarpus of conscious dogs by indirect oscillometry. Measurements were performed in the dogs' homes and were repeated in a veterinary clinic. Blood pressures and heart rate were derived from 7 serial estimates over 8 to 10 minutes. Statistical differences between the home and clinic and between recording sites were calculated. RESULTS: Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure and heart rate measurements obtained from the metatarsus and metacarpus in the dogs' homes were significantly lower than measurements from the metatarsus in the clinic, but were similar to measurements from the metacarpus in the clinic. Significant differences were not found between blood pressure measurements from the metatarsus and metacarpus in the dogs' homes, but systolic and mean blood pressure and heart rate measurements from the metacarpus in the clinic were significantly lower than measurements from the metatarsus. Whereas all dogs had normal blood pressure in their homes, 5 of 14 dogs had transient hypertension (systolic pressure > 165 mm of Hg or diastolic pressure > 95 mm of Hg) in the clinic. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Blood pressure and heart rate measurements obtained in the clinic initially overestimate comparable measurements in a dog's home. The differences are best explained by transient autonomic responses to the stress of the clinic. Blood pressure must be measured by use of standardized techniques on dogs acclimated to the clinic environment.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1997

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with an intrathoracic neoplasm in a rabbit.

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with an intrathoracic neoplasm was diagnosed in a 7.5-year-old spayed female White New Zealand rabbit. The rabbit was examined because it had a swollen foot and was anorectic. An intrapulmonary mass as well as periosteal proliferation in the tarsometatarsal region were observed on radiography. Histologic examination of necropsy specimens was used to confirm the diagnosis of hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lungs. To the author's knowledge, hypertrophic osteopathy has not been reported in lagomorphs, but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in lame rabbits.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Paralysis and long bone growth in the chick: growth shape trajectories of the pelvic limb.

Growth of chick embryonic femora, tibiotarsi and first phalanges of digit three were measured at one day intervals from day 6 through 16 of incubation. Normal controls were compared to embryos paralyzed at 5 days of incubation. Over the 10 day study period, length of the paralyzed femora, length and width of the paralyzed tibiotarsi and differences in length of the phalanges were observed. Growth in length of phalanx one of digit three was most affected by paralysis over this period. Changes in shape of these bones also occurred during growth. Normal long bones undergo changes in shape as differential growth in length and width occurs. Such changes in shape can be considered as the bone's normal growth "trajectory". Paralyzed bones displayed a different growth trajectory than normal bones. As expected, the long bones of paralyzed embryos were shorter than age-matched controls. Contrary to expectations, however, paralyzed long bones were relatively more stout than age-matched controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Sarcomere number adaptation after retinaculum transection in adult mice.

Skeletal muscle has been shown to adjust serial sarcomere number in response to chronic static length changes. However, the adaptive responses to alterations in the dynamic environment are less well defined. The adaptations of the adult mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to altered length and excursion were investigated by surgical transection of the flexor retinaculum. TA moment arm and muscle excursion increased by 38 +/- 7% (mean +/- S.E.M.) and fully extended (plantarflexed) muscle length was decreased by 8% after flexor retinaculum transection. In spite of the significant shortening of the muscle in full plantar- and dorsiflexion, serial sarcomere number decreased by 10 +/- 1% after 2 weeks of recovery. Gait analysis of these transected animals revealed a 14 +/- 3% decrease in dorsiflexion angular velocity after transection. The decrease in angular velocity was less than the increase in moment arm and, as a result, muscle velocity was calculated to increase by 20 +/- 4%. These data suggested that the muscle adapted in response to the underlying change in length, irrespective of the altered excursion or velocity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence and risk factors of bone spavin in Icelandic horses in Sweden: a radiographic field study.

The present field study was performed to estimate the prevalence of radiographic signs of bone spavin (RSBS) and to evaluate some possible risk factors for RSBS in the Icelandic horse in Sweden. The survey included horses from 11 farms involving 379 horses, comprising 238 geldings, 125 mares and 16 stallions. Age ranged from 0 to 19 years with a mean age of 8.1 years. Horses were radiographed with a dorsolateral-plantaromedial-oblique projection of both tarsi. Information about age, gender, origin, working intensity, number of gaits and age when saddle broken were obtained by interviewing the owners. Features of each horse's conformation were obtained by measurement or inspection. Radiographic signs of bone spavin were found in 23% (n = 88) of the horses. Horses younger than 5 years did not show any RSBS and the prevalence increased from zero to 33% between 4 and 8 years of age. Using a multivariate logistic regression model increasing age and sickle hock conformation were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of RSBS. Age when saddle broken in combination with height at the withers also influenced the multivariate logistic regression model significantly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Results of bone scintigraphy in horses used for show jumping, hunting, or eventing: 141 cases (1988-1994).

OBJECTIVE: To determine anatomic patterns and clinical importance of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in bones of horses used for show jumping, hunting, and eventing. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 141 horses evaluated because of lameness. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and information on results of physical examination, radiography, and scintigraphy were obtained. Scintigrams were evaluated to identify areas of increased radio-pharmaceutical uptake. RESULTS: 834 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were identified. Scintigraphy of the vertebral column was performed in 78 horses, and 50 had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake involving the spinous processes. Scintigraphy of the proximal phalanx of the forelimb was performed in 88 horses. Similarly, scintigraphy of the proximal phalanx of the hind limb was performed in 99 horses, and scintigrams of 374 proximal phalanges were available for review. One hundred fifty-five scintigrams had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. Scintigraphy of the tarsal joint was performed in 99 horses, and scintigrams of 198 joints were available for review. Eighty-five had areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. Overall, 214 of 834 areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were definitively associated with lameness. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study suggest that jumping creates unique stresses on the bones of horses. The distinctive patterns of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake identified in this study suggest that horses used for jumping may have a predilection to develop orthopedic disease at specific sites distinct from those in racehorses.

Animals↗