SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Systematic Review”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Systematic reviews of epidemiology in diabetes: finding the evidence.

BACKGROUND: Methodological research to support searching for those doing systematic reviews of epidemiological studies is a relatively neglected area. Our aim was to determine how many databases it is necessary to search to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the literature in diabetes epidemiology, with the aim of examining the efficiency of searching in support of systematic reviews of the epidemiology of diabetes METHODS: Three approaches were used. First, we defined a set of English language diabetes journals and examined their coverage in bibliographic databases. Second, we searched extensively for diabetes epidemiology articles (in all languages) to determine which are the most useful databases; and third, we analysed the scattering of these articles to determine the core journals in the area. RESULTS: The overlap between MEDLINE and Embase for diabetes journals was 59%. A search for diabetes epidemiology articles across both MEDLINE and Embase, showed that MEDLINE alone retrieved about 94% of the total articles. Searching for diabetes epidemiology studies beyond MEDLINE and Embase retrieved no additional English language journal articles. The only diabetes epidemiology studies found by searching beyond MEDLINE and Embase were found in LILACS, and were Spanish or Portuguese language studies from Latin America; no additional English language studies were found. Only 30% of the meeting abstracts were converted to full publication after three years. One third of journal articles were published in just six journals, with Diabetes Care contributing 14.3% of the articles, followed by Diabetic Medicine (5.0%); Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice (4.1%); Diabetologia (4.0%); Diabetes & Metabolism (2.4%) and Diabetes (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that when searching for articles on diabetes epidemiology, MEDLINE and Embase would suffice for English language papers, with LILACS giving some additional non-English articles from Latin America. Although a MEDLINE-only search will retrieve the vast majority of the relevant literature, Embase and LILACs should also be searched to ensure the search is comprehensive. Searching for meeting abstracts is recommended to alert reviewers to unpublished work. The low rate of full publication of meeting abstracts has the danger of producing bias in reviews. Our findings on scattering show that the core literature in this field is concentrated in just six journals.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2005

A nursing qualitative systematic review required MEDLINE and CINAHL for study identification.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the number and the relevance of references retrieved from CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE to perform a nursing systematic review. STUDY DESIGN: A search strategy for the review topic was designed according to thesaurus terms. The study analyzes (1) references with abstract, (2) overlap between databases, (3) reference relevance, (4) relevance agreement between experts, and (5) reference accessibility. RESULTS: Bibliographic search retrieved 232 references: 16% (37) in CINAHL, 68% (157) in MEDLINE, and 16% (38) in EMBASE. Of these, 72% (164) were references retrieved with an abstract: 14% (23) in CINAHL, 70% (115) in MEDLINE, and 16% (26) in EMBASE. Overlap was observed in 2% (5) of the references. Relevance assessment reduced the number of references to 43 (19%): 12 (34.3%) in CINAHL, 31 (19.7%) in MEDLINE, and none in EMBASE (Z=-1.97; P=.048). Agreement between experts achieved a maximum Cohen's kappa of 0.76 (P < .005). References identified in CINAHL were the most difficult to obtain (chi(2)=3.9; df=1; P=.048). CONCLUSIONS: To perform a quality bibliographic search for a systematic review on nursing topics, CINAHL and MEDLINE are essential databases for consultation to maximize the accuracy of the search.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of split-dose ultra-low-volume polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate for bowel preparation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, with adequate bowel cleansing being pivotal for its success. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of split-dose ultra-low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) with ascorbic acid (Asc) versus sodium picosulfate magnesium citrate for bowel preparation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to July 2025. Data analysis was conducted using R version 4.2.2 (31 October 2022) and RStudio version 2022.07.2 (2009-2022, RStudio, Inc.) Our literature search yielded six eligible studies involving 3285 patients. Our findings indicate no significant differences in overall and right-sided colon adequate cleansing rates between the two regimens: risk ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.12, P  = 0.1082; and risk ratio: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.08, P  = 0.1755, respectively. However, PEG + Asc demonstrated a significantly lower rate of vomiting compared to sodium picosulfate magnesium citrate (risk ratio: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.94-2.78, P  = 0.0008), suggesting better tolerability. Other secondary outcomes, including nausea, abdominal pain, and overall Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores, did not show significant differences. The quality of the evidence varied across the outcomes. Our results support the comparable efficacy of both bowel preparation agents while highlighting PEG + Asc's potential advantages in tolerability. Our findings suggest that the choice between these two preparations can be tailored to the specific patient, considering their preferences or previous experiences, although some caution is advised in interpreting these findings.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Posterior epistaxis: systematic review on the effectiveness of surgical therapies.

OBJECTIVE: The optimal surgical treatment for patients with posterior epistaxis and failed conservative therapy is unknown. Therefore we planned a systematic review studying all available publications assessing the effect on bleeding recurrence and postoperative complications of ligation of the internal maxillary artery or the sphenopalatine artery. METHODS: We searched the electronic databases Medline, Medline In Process, and Cochrane Library. Data extraction was performed following standard methods. RESULTS: Twenty-eight studies could be included in the systematic review. All studies were retrospective and no single study comparing different methods could be identified. Fifteen studies reported on the effect of the ligation of the internal maxillary artery (LIMA) and 13 on the effect of the ligation of the sphenopalatine artery (LSA). The severity of postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay seem to be lower in the LSA group. A conclusive statement about the frequency of rebleeding in the two groups is not possible. CONCLUSION: According to the available data on postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay ligation of the sphenopalatine artery compared favourably to the ligation of the internal maxillary artery. The most effective treatment for patients with posterior epistaxis including costs should be evaluated in a controlled clinical trial.

Epistaxis↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic performance of machine learning models versus established risk stratification for intracranial aneurysm rupture: a systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) models have been proposed to improve the discrimination of intracranial aneurysm rupture status beyond established clinical risk stratification tools. However, reported performance is heterogeneous and the relative contribution of model architecture and feature dominance remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis of studies evaluating ML models for intracranial aneurysm rupture discrimination. PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL were searched to February 2026. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled using a bivariate random-effects model, with summary receiver operating characteristic curves generated across training, internal testing and external validation datasets. Models were compared with regression-based approaches and Population, Hypertension, Age, Size of aneurysm, Earlier subarachnoid haemorrhage, Site of aneurysm (PHASES) scores. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored associations between algorithm family and feature domain. RESULTS: Sixty-two retrospective cohorts (29 709 patients 209 models) met the inclusion criteria. In training datasets, pooled sensitivity and specificity for ML were 0.81 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.85) and 0.83 (0.80-0.86), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.878, exceeding PHASES (AUC 0.667). In testing datasets, ML retained higher discrimination (AUC 0.837) than regression models (0.806) and PHASES (0.646). In external validation, sensitivity was preserved (0.82), but specificity declined (0.66). Deep learning demonstrated the highest AUCs (training and testing). Incorporation of haemodynamic or radiomic features improved pooled discrimination relative to morphology alone. Evidence of small-study effects and mostly unclear Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool ratings were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ML approaches demonstrate higher pooled discrimination for aneurysm rupture status than conventional risk scores in retrospective datasets, but reduced external validation specificity and heterogeneity limit confidence for clinical translation. Prospective, externally validated, calibrated models are required before integration into routine cerebrovascular risk stratification.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the survival of cantilever fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and the incidence of biological and technical complications. METHODS: An electronic MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searching was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FPDs with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Assessment of the identified studies and data abstraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression to obtain summary estimates of 10-year survival proportions. RESULTS: From a yield of 3658 titles and 211 abstracts, 81 articles were selected for full-text analysis, finally resulting in 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of these studies resulted in an estimated survival rate of cantilever FPDs of 81.8% (95 percent confidence interval (95% CI): 78.2-84.9%) and success rate (free of all complications) of 63% (95% CI: 54.7-70.2%) after 10 years. The most common biological complication was loss of pulp vitality (32.6%) followed by caries at abutment teeth (9.1%). After a 10-year observation period 2.6% of the FPDs were lost as a result of dental caries and 1% due to recurrent periodontitis. The most frequent technical complication was loss of retention (16.1%) followed by material fractures (5.9%). The cumulative incidence of fractures of abutment teeth was 2.9% and 2.4% of the FPDs were lost as a result of abutment tooth fracture after an observation period of 10 years. CONCLUSION: This systematic review on cantilever fixed partial dentures indicated that survival and success rates of cantilever fixed partial dentures were lower than those of conventional end-abutment supported FPDs described in a review by Tan et al. (2004) and biological and technical complications were frequent.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain.

A systematic review of randomised clinical trials was conducted to investigate the efficacy of McKenzie therapy in the treatment of spinal pain. Databases searched included DARE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PEDro. To be eligible for inclusion trials had to provide treatment according to McKenzie principles and report on one of the following outcomes: pain, disability, quality of life, work status, global perceived effect, medication use, health care contacts, or recurrence. Six trials were found to be eligible, all comparing McKenzie therapy to a comparison treatment. These included NSAIDS, educational booklet, back massage and back care advice, strength training, and spinal mobilisation and general exercises. The data from five lumbar trials were pooled at short term (less than three months) and from three at intermediate (3-12 months) follow-up. At short term follow-up the McKenzie therapy provided a mean 8.6 point greater pain reduction on a 0 to 100 point scale (95% CI 3.5 to 13.7) and a 5.4 point greater reduction in disability on a 0 to 100 point scale (95% CI 2.4 to 8.4) than comparison. At intermediate follow-up, relative risk of work absence was 0.81 (0.46 to 1.44) favouring McKenzie, however the comparison treatments provided a 1.2 point greater disability reduction (95% CI -2.0 to 4.5). In the one cervical trial, McKenzie therapy provided similar benefits to an exercise program. The results of this review show that for low back pain patients McKenzie therapy does result in a greater decrease in pain and disability in the short term than other standard therapies. Making a firm conclusion on low back pain treatment effectiveness is difficult because there are insufficient data on long term effects on outcomes other than pain and disability, and no trial has yet compared McKenzie to placebo or no treatment. There are also insufficient data available on neck pain patients.

Back Pain↗

PubMed2003

Homeopathic aggravations: a systematic review of randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Homeopathic aggravations have often been described anecdotally. However, few attempts have been made to scientifically verify their existence. This systematic review aimed at comparing the frequency of homeopathic aggravations in the placebo and verum groups of double-blind, randomised clinical trials. Eight independent literature searches were carried out to identify all such trials mentioning either adverse effects or aggravations. All studies thus found were validated and data were extracted by both authors. Twenty-four trials could be included. The average number of aggravations was low. In total, 50 aggravations were attributed to patients treated with placebo and 63 to patients treated with homoeopathically diluted remedies. We conclude that this systematic review does not provide clear evidence that the phenomenon of homeopathic aggravations exists.

Double-Blind Method↗

PubMed2005

Systematic review of studies of productivity loss due to rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating disease with a significant impact on workplace productivity. AIM: To perform a systematic review of studies of the relationship between RA and reduced workplace productivity. METHODS: Screening of 307 titles identified in bibliographic database searches resulted in 38 articles subject to systematic review. Productivity loss was expressed by three different measures: work disability, work loss (synonymous with absenteeism or short-term sick leave) and work limitation (reduction in productivity while present at work). RESULTS: A median of 66% (range 36-84%) of employed RA subjects experienced work loss due to RA in the previous 12 months, for a median duration of 39 days (range 7-84 days). The times from RA diagnosis until a 50% probability of being work disabled varied from 4.5 to 22 years. In inception cohort studies, the baseline variables consistently predictive of subsequent work disability were a physically demanding work type, more severe RA and older age. CONCLUSIONS: RA-related work-disability rates were similar in the USA and European countries. An apparent decrease in the prevalence of RA-related work disability since the 1970s may be related to a decrease in physically demanding work rather than to epidemiologic changes in RA. The majority of the literature addresses permanent disability and temporary work loss; none of the studies reviewed reported the effect of RA on presenteeism, i.e. work limitation from the employer perspective, and there are few published studies of the effectiveness of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in reducing work-related productivity loss.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed2006

Montelukast in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Allergic rhinitis is common. This systematic review outlines the evidence regarding montelukast in allergic rhinitis and provides a meta-analysis of its efficacy. The evidence suggests that montelukast does reduce nasal symptom score by 3.4% (95% CI: 2.5% to 4.2%) when compared with placebo. Montelukast is not as effective as topical nasal steroids or antihistamines and should therefore be regarded as second line therapy. When used, montelukast should be used in combination with an antihistamine.

Acetates↗

PubMed2006

Clinical benefits and risks associated with epoetin and darbepoetin in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia: a systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins (ESPs) are indicated for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). Evidence-based guidelines and systematic reviews of the management of CIA do not yet include all currently approved ESPs or all of the clinically relevant benefits and risks of ESPs. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this work were to provide up-to-date assessments of the clinical efficacy and effectiveness (ie, transfusions and quality-of-life [QoL] benefits) and safety (ie, risk of venous thromboembolism [VTE] and all-cause or treatment-associated death) of epoetin-alfa, epoetin-beta, and darbepoetin-alfa for the treatment of CIA in cancer patients with hemoglobin<11 g/dL. We also considered the impact of differences in study design, patients, and treatments on the results. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify and analyze English-language studies (controlled trials and prospective uncontrolled studies with >or=300 patients) published between 1980 and July 2005. The databases searched were MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Relevant abstracts from the last 2 annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, and European Society for Medical Oncology were also included. Studies were selected, using predefined eligibility criteria. Two reviewers had to agree on all included and excluded studies, and on all data extracted from each accepted study before they were entered into a relational database. Meta-analyses were performed to quantify benefit and risk outcomes. RESULTS: In total, 40 studies including 21,378 patients were eligible for analysis. Each ESP was found to have efficacy relative to standard care or placebo. The odds ratio (OR) for transfusions in studies of epoetin versus controls was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.35-0.55) and of darbepoetin versus controls was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.31-0.55). Patients receiving ESPs experienced a significant improvement in QoL; the mean difference in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue score for ESPs versus controls was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.10-0.36; P=0.001). The frequency of VTE and death was not significantly different between ESPs and control (VTE OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.81-2.47]; all-cause mortality OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.69-1.44]). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of key clinical benefits and risks of epoetin and darbepoetin in the treatment of CIA found no clinically relevant differences between these drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

A systematic review of the diagnostic classifications of traumatic dental injuries.

A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the criteria used for the diagnostic classification of traumatic dental injuries from an epidemiological standpoint. The methodology used was that suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration and the National Health Service. A total of 12 electronic bibliographical databases (BBO, BioMed Central, Blackwell Synergy, Cochrane, DARE, EMBASE, HighWire, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, SciELO, SciSearch) and the World Wide Web were searched. There was no attempt to specify the strategy in relation to date, study design, or language. The last search was performed in May 2003. Two reviewers screened each record independently for eligibility by examining titles, abstracts, keywords and using a standardized reference form. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The final study collection consisted of 164 articles, from 1936 to 2003, and the population sample ranged from 38 to 210,500 patients. 54 distinct classification systems were identified. According to the literature, the most frequently used classification system was that of Andreasen (32%); as regards the type of injury, the uncomplicated crown fracture was the most mentioned lesion (88.5%). Evidence supports the fact that there is no suitable system for establishing the diagnosis of the studied injuries that could be applied to epidemiological surveys.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

A systematic review of treatments for infant colic.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of rigorously evaluated treatments for infant colic. METHODS: Online bibliographic databases were searched for the term "colic" in articles classified as clinical trials or randomized controlled trials and conducted in infants. Reference lists from review articles, meta-analyses, and the selected articles were also reviewed for potential studies. The abstracts or full-text articles of 57 relevant studies were examined, of which 22 met the selection criteria. The methodology and findings of all retrieved articles were critically evaluated. Data were extracted from each article regarding study methods, intervention studied, outcomes measured, and results. RESULTS: Four of the interventions studied had data of adequate quality and statistically significant numbers needed to treat (NNT): hypoallergenic diet (NNT = 6), soy formula (NNT = 2), reduced stimulation (NNT = 2), and herbal tea (NNT = 3). CONCLUSIONS: There are some effective therapies for infant colic, but additional rigorous studies of existing and alternative therapies are needed.

Colic↗

PubMed2001

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to determine the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS: To be eligible, full published trials needed to deal with SCLC and to have randomly assigned patients to receive PCI or not. Trials quality was assessed by two scores (Chalmers and ELCWP). RESULTS: Twelve randomised trials (1547 patients) were found to be eligible. Five evaluated the role of PCI in SCLC patients who had complete response (CR) after chemotherapy. Brain CT scan was done in the work-up in five studies and brain scintigraphy in six. Chalmers and ELCWP scores are well correlated (p < 0.001), with respective median scores of 32.6 and 38.8 %. This meta-analysis based on the available published data reveals a decrease of brain metastases incidence (hazard ratio (HR): 0.48; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.39 - 0.60) for all the studies and an improvement of survival (HR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.71 - 0.96) in patients in CR in favour of the PCI arm. Unfortunately, long-term neurotoxicity was not adequately described. CONCLUSIONS: PCI decreases brain metastases incidence and improves survival in CR SCLC patients but these effects were obtained in patients who had no systematic neuropsychological and brain imagery assessments. The long-term toxicity has not been prospectively evaluated. If PCI can be recommended in patients with SCLC and CR documented by a work-up including brain CT scan, data are lacking to generalise its use to any CR situations.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: a systematic review.

This article describes the background and framework for a systematic review of potential interventions for preventing pneumonia among under-5-year-olds in developing countries. Twenty-eight intervention areas are identified in six groups -- immunization, case management/chemoprophylaxis of high-risk children, improving nutrition, reducing environmental pollution, reducing transmission of pathogens, and improving child care practices. Calculation of the potential impacts is illustrated and the expected outcomes are also described.

Child Welfare↗

PubMed2005

Heat loss prevention: a systematic review of occlusive skin wrap for premature neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify and synthesize investigations of the effectiveness of occlusive skin wrap for reducing heat loss in premature infants born at less than 36 weeks gestations. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials (RCT) and five historical controlled trials (HCT) were included. Meta-analysis shows wrapped infants had significantly higher admission temperatures than unwrapped infants (RCTs WMD 0.63 degrees C, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38, 0.87; HCTs WMD 0.96 degrees C, 95% CI 0.66, 1.27). A statistically significant difference in mortality was not found between wrapped and unwrapped infants in the RCTs (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.36, 1.45) or the HCTs (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.51, 1.13). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that occlusive skin wrap prevents heat loss in premature infants. The meta-analysis lacked the power to provide definitive results regarding the effect of wrap on mortality.

Body Temperature Regulation↗

PubMed2006

[Inherited thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review].

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature of studies that examined the association between inherited thrombophilias and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have evaluated developments in this area published since 1998. The published studies differ widely in design, mostly in patients and controls selection and in data analytic approach. Despite the growing evidence in the literature, there are still gaps in our knowledge of thrombophilia in pregnancy, specially regarding less prevalent thrombophilic defects, such as deficiencies in antithrombin, protein C, and S. Several studies on the association on factor V Leiden showed that it may play a role not only in second trimester losses, but also in pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth-retardation, and placental abruption. Studies on the prothrombin gene mutation yielded conflicting results. Further large prospective studies are needed to asses the relative clinical and cost effectiveness of anticoagulant therapies in the prevention of pregnancy adverse outcomes.

Female↗

PubMed2002

Coronary heart disease and body mass index: a systematic review of the evidence from larger prospective cohort studies.

We systematically reviewed English-language publications arising from prospective cohort studies of the association between coronary heart disease risk and body mass index. Eighty published articles from 46 studies were identified. Two thirds of the studies, including all 14 studies with at least 500 cases ("larger" studies), reported a positive or J-shaped association. Among these 14 larger studies, the average increase in coronary heart disease risk for each 2 kg/m (2) higher body mass index was 14%. There was only limited evidence of effect modification by age, sex, ethnicity, or other variables. Evidence from many studies, including randomized controlled trials, implies that the association between coronary heart disease risk and body mass index is partly (or perhaps wholly) mediated by high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Adolescent↗