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PubMed2004

Understanding the interconnections between ethnicity, gender, social class and health:experiences of minority ethnic women in britain.

This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study about the impact of ethnicity, gender, and socio-economic status upon health, and use and access to appropriate service provision. A total of 54 interviews were carried out with women who identified themselves as Muslim and Bangladeshi. Health and social care professionals were also interviewed. However, the focus of this paper is upon the ways in which women conceptualised their health and social care needs and concerns. Our findings indicate that individual characteristics serve to mediate the influence of gender and ethnicity on health, but for the women in our study, socio-economic status represents the most potent factor in adversely affecting their health status and access to health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

"Not a university type": focus group study of social class, ethnic, and sex differences in school pupils' perceptions about medical school.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate what going to medical school means to academically able 14-16 year olds from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds in order to understand the wide socioeconomic variation in applications to medical school. DESIGN: Focus group study. SETTING: Six London secondary schools. PARTICIPANTS: 68 academically able and scientifically oriented pupils aged 14-16 years from a wide range of social and ethnic backgrounds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pupils' perceptions of medical school, motivation to apply, confidence in ability to stay the course, expectations of medicine as a career, and perceived sources of information and support. RESULTS: There were few differences by sex or ethnicity, but striking differences by socioeconomic status. Pupils from lower socioeconomic groups held stereotyped and superficial perceptions of doctors, saw medical school as culturally alien and geared towards "posh" students, and greatly underestimated their own chances of gaining a place and staying the course. They saw medicine as having extrinsic rewards (money) but requiring prohibitive personal sacrifices. Pupils from affluent backgrounds saw medicine as one of a menu of challenging career options with intrinsic rewards (fulfillment, achievement). All pupils had concerns about the costs of study, but only those from poor backgrounds saw costs as constraining their choices. CONCLUSIONS: Underachievement by able pupils from poor backgrounds may be more to do with identity, motivation, and the cultural framing of career choices than with low levels of factual knowledge. Policies to widen participation in medical education must go beyond a knowledge deficit model and address the complex social and cultural environment within which individual life choices are embedded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Modified use of training of socially insecure children from socio-culturally deprived social classes. A single case related study with children of a day care group].

In this paper a combination of individual- and group-training with unassertive children is described with strongly deprived children from a daily pedagogical institute. Instead of systematic parent's consulting other supportive elements like consulting with educators and teachers, intensive in-vivo-practices, weekly letters with homework etc. were used. Single case design and evaluating on the basis of a A-B-A-C design and a follow-up after eight weeks with three social disadvantaged children at the age of nine to eleven years were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Goal-attainment-scaling was used for each of the five to seven behavioral outcome measures in the individual- and group-training by video. The administration of this program proved to be effective and efficient. The improvements were above the expectations of the training's aims and were stable over a follow-up period.

Behavior Therapy↗