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PubMed1996

Effect of rat mesenchymal stem cells on development of abdominal adhesions after surgery.

One of the common and most serious side effects of abdominal surgery is the formation of adhesions within the peritoneal cavity during healing. Efforts to prevent adhesion formation have concentrated on inhibiting the inflammatory response, inhibiting the formation or encouraging the lysis of fibrin, and protection of the damaged serosal surface. We are interested in regenerating the serosal surface by providing a source of mesothelial progenitor cells. Rats were divided into groups of 10 each. Abdominal adhesions were created by removing a circle of peritoneum and suturing it back into place. Two weeks later the rats were euthanized and the adhesions scored on a scale of 0-5. A population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the skeletal muscle of neonatal rats was tested. The cells were grown in primary culture to expand the population and then trypsinized and frozen at -80 degrees C. They are then thawed and grown in secondary culture before use. The control group were injected with saline i.p. immediately after surgery. The experimental groups received (1) 1.4 X 10(6) MSCs, (2) 5 X 10(6) MSCs, (3) 7.5 X 10(6) dead MSCs, (4) 5 X 10(6) rat smooth muscle cells immediately post-op, and (5) 5 X 10(6) MSCs 4-6 hours after surgery. Only live MSCs given immediately after surgery by i.p. injection significantly decreased the adhesion scores of the rats (mean score of 3.5 vs 0.9). MSCs injected i.p. 4-6 hours after surgery actually increased the adhesion scores (3.5 vs 4.7), and rat smooth muscle cells injected i.p. immediately after surgery had no effect on adhesions. The exact mechanism of action of the MSCs is unknown at this time. However, we postulate that the MSCs have the capacity to differentiate into mesothelial cells capable of repopulating the injured mesothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal microcirculation and leukocyte behavior in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are thought to play a pivotal role in the generation of ischemia-reperfusion-induced mucosal injury; however, their behavior in the intestinal microvasculature following this injury has not been directly examined. In this study intravital microscopy was used to investigate the dynamics of blood flow and leukocyte behavior in the villus, serosal, and mesenteric microcirculation during ischemia-reperfusion in anesthetized hamsters. Thirty minutes of ischemia and 90 min of reperfusion resulted in almost complete microvascular stasis in the villi of control animals, whereas only a few serosal and mesenteric microvessels exhibited stasis. Following reperfusion, there was a significant increase in leukocyte accumulation in all three tissues; however, significantly fewer leukocytes adhered in the villus microvasculature than in the rest of either the mucosa, serosa, or mesentery. Treatment with gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a compound that we have previously demonstrated to be highly effective in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury, significantly reduced both the microvascular stasis and leukocyte accumulation in all three vascular beds. This study demonstrates that there are significant differences in the response to ischemia-reperfusion in various intestinal layers and that areas most susceptible to damage are not necessarily those exhibiting the greatest leukocyte accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cocaine inhibits chloride secretion by swine tracheal submucosal gland cells grown in culture.

Active ion transport by airway submucosal gland cells plays an important role in maintaining effective mucociliary clearance. Alterations in the clearance will affect normal airway functions. Nasal and airway mucosal surfaces are exposed to high concentrations of cocaine after snorting crystals or smoking the freebase form, causing respiratory complications. The actions of cocaine on airway gland cell ion transport were determined by measuring the basal electrical properties and ion transport activated by acetylcholine (ACh) and isoproterenol (ISO) in swine tracheal submucosal gland cells grown in culture. The cells were enzymatically isolated, purified on Percoll density gradients, and then grown on microporous inserts at an air interface. Chloride secretion was measured as short-circuit current (Isc) utilizing Ussing chamber methodology. Amiloride (10 microM) was added mucosally to block sodium reabsorption. The maximal changes in Isc (delta Isc) induced by ACh and ISO were 42.0 +/- 4.4 and 8.8 +/- 0.8 microA/cm2. Cocaine decreased basal Isc and the increase in Isc induced by ACh and ISO. The concentration-response relationships for ACh and ISO were shifted to the right by cocaine (1-3 mM) when applied serosally. The maximal increase in Isc induced by ISO was inhibited by serosal cocaine, but, the maximal response to ACh was not. Thus, cocaine inhibits ACh-induced increases in Isc by competitively blocking the receptor and the response to ISO by noncompetitive inhibition. Mucosal cocaine reduced the maximal response to ACh and ISO and also caused a rightward shift. We conclude that cocaine directly alters submucosal gland cell function by reducing the basal and stimulated ability to transport ions and fluid.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Metastatic mode of gastric carcinoma by flow cytometric and clinicopathologic parameters.

We used flow cytometric and conventional clinicopathologic parameters to analyse the metastatic mode of cancer in 113 stomach cancer patients. Liver metastasis was frequent in cases with intestinal-type cancer, cancer located in the distal stomach, positive venous invasion and aneuploid cancer. Lung and pleural metastasis (excluding nodular lung metastasis), however, were frequent in cases with serosal invasion and diploid cancer. Peritoneal metastasis was frequently seen with tumors located in the proximal or whole stomach, diffuse-type cancer and cancer with serosal invasion. All cases developing bone metastasis were positive for lymph node metastasis. DNA ploidy was partially related to the metastatic mode of stomach cancer, but this was not the sole parameter for predicting metastasis. However, prediction may be possible if based on both DNA ploidy and clinicopathologic parameters, suggesting the possibility of the prophylaxis of recurrence by appropriate postoperative adjuvant therapy.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of LTC4 effects on rabbit ileal mucosa in vitro.

The effects of peptidoleukotriene C4 (LTC4) on electrical properties and Na+ and Cl- fluxes in the presence or absence of the LTD4/LTE4 antagonist, 2(S)-hydroxy-3-(R)-carboxyethylthio)-3-[2-(8-phenyloctyl)phe nyl] propanoic acid (SK&F 104353) were investigated in stripped ileal mucosa from rabbits placed in Ussing chambers. Results from this study demonstrate that serosal addition of LTC4 produced a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current (Isc) which is not affected by pretreatment of the tissue with SK&F 104353 (0.1 microM). The concentration of LTC4 which produced an increase in Isc of 4 mu Eq/h.cm2 was 181 nM in the absence of SK&F 104353 and this value did not differ significantly from the value of 212 nM in the presence of SK&F 104353 (0.1 microM). SK&F 104353 (0.1 microM) reduced the increase in Isc elicited by LTD4 and LTE4 by greater than 95%. Mucosal addition of LTC4 failed to alter Isc. The time course of the increase in Isc in response to LTC4 is qualitatively similar to that seen with both LTD4 and LTE4. Increases in Isc produced by LTC4 are not inhibited by removal of Ca2+ from the serosal bathing solution but are inhibited by pretreatment of the tissue with indomethacin (1 microM). The histamine receptor antagonist, mepyramine, reduced the change in Isc resulting from stimulation with LTC4 by 20% while the cholinergic antagonist, atropine, and the excitable tissue Na+ channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, were without effect. Measurement of unidirectional and net Na+ and Cl- fluxes revealed that LTC4 reduces Na+ and Cl- absorption and that subsequent addition of PGE1 produced no further decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic appearance of primary small bowel carcinoid tumor.

BACKGROUND: To assess the value of sonography in the diagnostic work-up of small bowel carcinoid tumors and characterize their sonographic appearance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic findings (size, shape, echogenicity, contour, location, wall thickening, serosal transgression, vascularity) of all cases of carcinoid tumors investigated between January 1988 and January 1993. Six tumors, in five patients with histologic proof, were analyzed and, when possible, correlation with pathological or surgical results was made. RESULTS: In four out of five cases, the tumor was not suspected clinically prior to sonography; in one case, a small synchronous lesion was only found at surgery. Its sonographic appearance was a hypoechoic, homogenous, predominantly intraluminal mass with smooth intraluminal contour and attached to the wall by a broad base with interruption of the submucosa and thickening of the muscularis propria in all cases. There were signs of serosal transgression in four cases, puckering and retraction in two cases, hypervascularity in two cases, and mesenteric involvement in three cases. All lesions were located in the ileum and the mean diameter was 22 x 17 mm. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography was useful in the detection of primary carcinoid tumors of small bowel. Their sonographic characteristics were described and some of them were highly suggestive of the diagnosis.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis: a prospective study of 37 cases.

BACKGROUND: The use of sonography as an accurate modality to detect peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with or without known malignancy was investigated. METHODS: Using ultrasound, we prospectively diagnosed peritoneal carcinomatosis in 37 patients. Findings such as liver metastases, adenomegalies, ascites and gallbladder wall thickness were first assessed. Then high resolution sonography detected omental, mesenteric, serosal and peritoneal involvement, the latter presenting as a nodule or an interruption of the anterior hyperechoic peritoneal line. Percutaneous biopsy under sonographic guidance of detected lesions, surgery or autopsy confirmed the peritoneal carcinomatosis. Sonographic search for the primary neoplasm was simultaneously done. RESULTS: Carcinomatosis was proven in all 37 cases. Omental involvement was found in 36 cases (97%), serosal implants in 7 cases (19%), mesenteric involvement in 6 cases (16%), peritoneal implants in 20 cases (54%). Interruption of the anterior peritoneal line was found in 6 cases (16%), liver metastasis in 14 cases (38%), lymphadenopathies in 9 cases (24%), and significant ascites in 18 cases (49%). Gallbladder wall thickness was not a useful criterion since 12 patients (32%) had previous cholecystectomy. Biopsy of detected lesions was performed in 21 cases with 100% positive results for malignant cells. Sonography detected the primary tumor in 16 (57%) out of 28 patients without known malignancy. CONCLUSION: Sonography was very useful for prospective detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis and the omental abnormality was the single most useful sign. Furthermore, sonographic findings, confirmed by percutaneous biopsy, prevented 24 unnecessary exploratory laparotomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on hypertonicity-induced changes in toad urinary bladder.

Coincident with an increase in the water permeability of toad urinary bladder induced by serosal hypertonicity, a transformation of the ridge-like surface structures of the granular cells into individual microvillous structures occurs. This study was initiated to establish whether the transformation is mediated by the cytoskeletal network and, thus, can be prevented by disruption of microtubule-microfilament function with colchicine or cytochalasin B (CB). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the characteristic branching ridges on granular cells of control bladder incubated with colchicine or CB. In contrast, transformation of ridges to discrete microvilli was observed in experimental bladders exposed to serosal hypertonicity alone or in combination with either colchicine or CB. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying hypertonicity-induced surface changes which are associated with increased water permeability does not involve either microtubules or microfilaments.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hydrochlorothiazide enhances the apical Cl- backflux in rabbit gallbladder epithelium: radiochemical analysis.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was shown to inhibit the transepithelial NaCl transport and the apical Na(+)-Cl- symport and to depolarize the apical membrane potential in the rabbit gallbladder epithelium. The depolarization was likely related to the opening of a Cl- conductance. To better understand whether an apical Cl- leak is involved in the mechanism of action of HCTZ, the transapical Cl- backflux was measured radiochemically by the washout technique. The gallbladder wall, pretreated with pronase on the serosal side to homogenize the subepithelium, was loaded with 36Cl- on the luminal side; mucosal and serosal 36Cl- effluxes (Jm, Js) were then measured every 2 min. The pretreatment with pronase did not alter the membrane potentials and the selectivity of the epithelium. Under control conditions and the tissue in steady-state, Jm and Js time courses were each described by two exponential decays (A, B); the rate constants, kA and kB, were 0.71 +/- 0.03 and 0.16 +/- 0.01 min-1, respectively, and correspondingly the half-times (tA1/2, tB1/2) were 1.01 +/- 0.05 and 5.00 +/- 0.44 min (n = 10); these parameters were not significantly different for Jm and Js time courses. Js was always greater than Jm (Js/Jm = 2.02 +/- 0.22 and 1.43 +/- 0.17 for A and B decays). Under SCN- treatment in steady-state conditions, both Jm and Js time courses were described by only one exponential decay, the component B being abolished. Moreover tA1/2 was similar to that predictable for the subepithelium. It follows that it is the component B which exits the epithelial compartment. Based on the intracellular specific activity and 36Cl- JBm at 0 min time of the washout experiment, the cell-lumen Cl- backflux in steady-state was calculated to be equal to about 2 mumol cm-2hr-1, in agreement with the value indirectly computable by other techniques. The experimental model was well responsive to different external challenges (increases in media osmolalities; luminal treatment with nystatin). HCTZ (2.5 x 10(-4) M) largely increased 36Cl- JBm. The increase was abolished by luminal treatment with 10(-4) M SITS, which not only brought back the efflux time courses to the ones observed under control conditions but even increased Js/Jm of the cellular component, an indication of a reduced JBm. It is concluded that HCTZ opens an apical, SITS-sensitive Cl- leak, which contributes to dissipate the intracellular Cl- accumulation and to inhibit the NaCl transepithelial transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfo↗
PubMed1994

Cell Cl and transepithelial na transport in toad urinary bladder.

Relationships between short-circuit current (Isc), cell Cl and the mechanism(s) of Cl accumulation in toad bladder epithelial cells were investigated. In serosal Cl-free gluconate Ringer, 80% of the cell Cl (measured by x-ray microanalysis) was lost over 30-60 min with an associated decrease in cell water content. concomitantly, Isc fell to 20% of its initial value within 10 min but then recovered to 45% of its initial value despite continued Cl loss. With the reintroduction of Cl, cell Cl and Isc both recovered within 10 min. Serosal SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate; 0.5 mM) plus bumetanide (0.1 mM), did not prevent the fall in Isc or the loss of cell Cl in gluconate medium, although they did inhibit subsequent recovery of Isc in this medium. They also prevented the recovery of Isc in Cl medium but not the reaccumulation of Cl by the cells. Although SITS and bumetanide did not prevent the loss or recovery of Cl, they modified the pattern of the ion changes. In their absence, changes in cellular Cl were twice that of the changes in measured cellular cations implicating basolateral Cl/HCO3 exchange in Cl movement. With SITS plus bumetanide present, changes of similar magnitude in Cl were associated with equivalent changes in cation, consistent with the inhibition of Cl/HCO3 exchange.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfo↗
PubMed1993

Control of Na+ and H+ transports by exocytosis/endocytosis phenomena in a tight epithelium.

The relationship linking Na+ and H+ transports and exocytosis/endocytosis located in the apical membranes of the frog skin epithelium was investigated under various conditions of ion transport stimulation. The exocytosis process, indicating insertion of intracellular vesicles, which were preloaded with fluorescent FITC-dextran (FD), was measured by following the FD efflux in the apical bathing solution. Na+ transport stimulators such as serosal hypotonic shock (replacement of serosal Ringer solution by half-Ringer or 4/5-Ringer), apical PCMPS (10(-3) M) and amphotericin-B (20 micrograms/ml), were also found to stimulate the exocytotic rates of FD. Acidification of the epithelium by CO2 or post NH4 load, conditions which increase the proton secretion also stimulated the FD release in the apical bathing solution. On the other hand, alkalization of the epithelial cells increased the endocytosis rate. Hypotonic shock, acid load and PCMPS induced an increase in cell calcium which is probably the signal within the cell for exocytosis. In addition, quantitative spectrofluorimetric measurements of F-actin content after rhodamine-phalloidin staining, indicated a decrease in the F-actin content as a result of cell acidosis, hypotonic conditions and amphotericin additions. It is proposed that the insertion/retrieval of intracytoplasmic vesicles containing H+ pumps plays a key role in the regulation of proton secretion in tight epithelia. In addition, it is suggested that cytoskeleton depolymerization of F-actin filaments facilitates H+ pump insertion. A comparable working hypothesis for the control of Na+ transport is proposed.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗
PubMed1991

Short-chain fatty acids and CO2 as regulators of Na+ and Cl- absorption in isolated sheep rumen mucosa.

Unidirectional 22Na+ and 36Cl- fluxes were determined in short-circuited, stripped rumen mucosa from sheep by using the Ussing chamber technique. In both CO2/HCO3(-)-containing and CO2/HCO3(-)-free solutions, replacement of gluconate by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, 39mM) significantly enhanced mucosal-to-serosal Na+ absorption without affecting the Cl- transport in the same direction. Short-chain fatty acid stimulation of Na+ transport was at least partly independent of Cl- and could almost completely be abolished by 1 mM mucosal amiloride, while stimulation of Na+ transport was enhanced by lowering the mucosal pH from 7.3 to 6.5. Similar to the SCFA action, raising the PCO2 in the mucosal bathing solution led to an increase in the amiloride-sensitive mucosal-to-serosal Na+ flux. Along with its effect on sodium transport, raising the PCO2 also stimulated chloride transport. The results are best explained by a model in which undissociated SCFA and/or CO2 permeate the cell membrane and produce a raise in intracellular H+ concentration. This stimulates an apical Na+/H+ exchange, leading to increased Na+ transport. The stimulatory effect of CO2 on Cl- transport is probably mediated by a Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanism in the apical membrane. Binding of SCFA anions to that exchange as described for the rat distal colon (Binder and Mehta 1989) probably does not play a major role in the rumen.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1996

Absorption of short-chain fatty acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep.

Investigations on the absorption of shortchain fatty acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep were performed both in vitro (Ussing chamber technique, using propionic acid representatively for short-chain fatty acids) and in vivo (washed, isolated reticulorumen). A pH-induced, nearly tenfold increase in the concentration of undissociated propionate led to an only twofold increase in mucosal-to-serosal flux of propionate (in vitro). Neither amiloride (1 mmol.l-1, in vitro) nor theophylline (10 mmol.l-1, in vivo), inhibitors of the ruminal Na+/H+ exchanger, exerted any significant influence on propionate fluxes or short-chain fatty acids absorption, respectively. Total replacement of luminal Na+ (by choline) did not alter short-chain fatty acids absorption (in vivo). Mucosal 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (0.1 mmol.l-1) or mucosal nitrate (40 mmol.l-1) markedly reduced propionate net flux (in vitro). Increasing mucosal Cl- concentration brought about a significant drop in mucosal-to-serosal flux of propionate (in vitro) and in short-chain fatty acids net absorption (in vivo), respectively. The results obtained suggest that short-chain fatty acids are absorbed both as anions and as undissociated acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep. It is concluded that short-chain fatty acids anions either compete with Cl- for binding sites at a common anion-exchange mechanism or that they are absorbed by an short-chain fatty acids anion/ HCO3- exchanger indirectly coupled to a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger via intracellular bicarbonate.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Sodium-dependent short-circuit current across the yolk sac membrane during embryonic development in normal and shell-less cultured chicks.

The transepithelial electrical characteristics of the isolated yolk sac membrane of normal in ovo or shell-less cultured chick embryos were investigated. In normal chicks the potential difference (blood side positive relative to yolk side) and short-circuit current of the membrane increased during development. Ouabain (10(-4) M) on the blood side (basolateral side, serosal side) significantly decreased potential difference and short-circuit current but was without effect on the yolk side (brush border side, mucosal side). Substitution of choline for Na+ in the bathing solutions abolished the potential difference and the short-circuit current; when Na+ replaced choline this effect was reversed. Amiloride added to both sides of the yolk sac membrane had no effect on potential difference or short-circuit current. Injection of aldosterone (50 micrograms) and T3 (10 microM) into yolk did not induce amiloride sensitivity. The short-circuit current was not altered by addition of either glucose or alanine to the bath. The short-circuit current of the yolk sac membrane of shell-less cultured embryos was significantly lower than that of normal controls. Addition of Ca2+ to the serosal bathing medium did not reverse the foregoing condition, but decreased the short-circuit current. It is concluded that the yolk sac short-circuit current is Na+ dependent and increases with developmental age in the chick embryo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Embryonic chicken gizzard: smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin isoforms.

Antibodies to smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin allow the development of smooth muscle and its capillary system in the embryonic chicken gizzard to be followed by immunofluorescent techniques. Although smooth muscle development proceeds in a serosal to luminal direction, angiogenetic cell clusters develop independently at the luminal side close to the epithelial layer, and the presumptive capillaries invade the developing muscle in a luminal to serosal direction. The smooth muscle and non-muscle myosin heavy chains in this avian system cannot be separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and do not show isoform specificity in immunoblotting, unlike the system found in mammals. Only two myosin heavy chains with M(r) of 200 and 196 kDa were separable and considerable immunological cross-reactivity was found between the denatured myosin isoform heavy chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Thallium(I) secretion across the isolated mucosa of rat descending colon.

Unidirectional Tl+-fluxes across the isolated mucosa of rat descending colon were measured under short circuit (SCC) or voltage clamp conditions (VCC). Under SCC a serosal-to-mucosal net flux (Jnet = -0.22 nmol X cm-2 X h-1) was observed that agrees with the voltage-independent component measured under VCC. At 7 degrees C the secretory net flux was abolished. In controls both unidirectional fluxes were unsaturable between 0.1 and 500 mumol/l thallium (I). After furosemide or withdrawal of Cl- or Na+ Jnet was abolished. Ouabain decreased serosal-to-mucosal Tl+ flux and an energy-dependent absorptive net flux of Tl+ was observed, characterized by a rather low Km (10.2 mumol/l), Vmax (3.8 nmol X cm-2 X h-1) and apparent activation energies (delta E = 10.7 kcal X mol-1) typically for enzyme catalaysed reactions or narrow channel interactions. The data suggest that in the mucosa of rat descending colon Tl+ ions share, at least in part, the same transport systems at K+.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA ploidy and biologic aggressiveness of gastric adenocarcinoma in Chinese.

The mortality rate of gastric cancer in the Chinese population has reached a plateau. The main prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma is recognized as tumor stage. Recently, abnormalities in DNA content have been considered as a new prognostic factor. Whether abnormal DNA content can be used as a prognostic tool for Chinese patients with gastric cancer is unknown. To investigate this relation DNA ploidy and prognosis of gastric cancer patients were studied using paraffin-embedded specimens. A group of 104 newly diagnosed and surgically resected gastric cancer specimens obtained from January 1984 to December 1986 were examined for DNA content by flow cytometry. The quality of flow cytometry was acceptable with a mean coefficient of variance of 5.45. The results showed that 38 cases (36.5%) had DNA aneuploidy; 42 cases had metastatic lymph nodes with enough tumor cells, and 31.0% of these cases had DNA aneuploidy. DNA aneuploidy of primary tumors was correlated to lymph node metastasis and patient's age, whereas DNA aneuploidy of metastatic lymph nodes was significantly correlated to the serosal invasion of the gastric wall at the primary site. The important parameters for prognosis were curability of surgical resection, serosal invasion, tumor size, and distant metastasis. DNA aneuploidy of both primary tumors or metastatic lymph nodes appeared to be unrelated to the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma in Chinese patients. We therefore propose that DNA aneuploidy of gastric cancer is associated with tumor growth but not biologic aggressiveness.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Intestinal excretion of hexachlorobenzene.

1. The intestinal excretion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was studied in rats using the method of pendular perfusion. One and four weeks after i.p. application of 100 micrograms HCB/kg body weight segments of jejunum, ileum and colon were perfused with light liquid paraffin or squalane for 5 h. 2. The highest amount of HCB was excreted into jejunum, followed by ileum and colon. After 5 h HCB concentration in jejunal perfusion medium equals that in plasma. 3. Serosal tissue of intestinal segments contained higher HCB concentrations as compared to mucosa. 4. Paraffin treatment decreased the HCB content in both serosal and mucosal tissue of jejunum and ileum but not of colon.

Animals↗