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Results for “RIB FRACTURES”

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Long term effects of low concentrations of noxious gases on the respiratory system: results of an epidemiological study among iron mines workers in Lorraine (France). (author's transl)].

An epidemiological study of 1,178 iron-mine workers in the Lorraine basin was conducted in order to assess the long-term effects on the respiratory system of low concentrations of noxious gases produced by the machinery and explosives in use. The subjects were selected at random from 5,300 workers who were aged between 35 and 55, had been in the mines for at least five years and who were free from radiological abnormalities such as siderosis, tuberculosis, fractured ribs, etc. For each subject a standard questionnaire (E.C.S.C. bronchitis/emphysema questionnaire) was completed and a clinical examination was performed along with the following tests-vital capacity; forced expiratory volume in 1 second; residual volume; acetylcholine test; steady state CO test for calculation of total and partial transfer functions. A venous blood sample for the determination of blood CO was taken as the subject left his place of work.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Electrotherapy of pain relief using the Tenzcare stimulator. A clinico-experimental study].

Electrotherapy was introduced into the aftercare programme for patients with serial rib fractures in the acute stage, shoulder injuries or fractures of the radius. Electrical stimulation was carried out with the Tenzcare Nr. 6240 apparatus. The results were significantly better in each of the three groups than in the respective control group. Patients after thorax trauma complained less of pain in the acute phase: there was less pulmonary secretion on X-ray and, on average, their blood gas values returned to normal three days earlier. None of them required assisted respiration. Patients with shoulder injuries or fractures of the radius complained less frequently of pain during physio-therapy after removal of their plaster casts. They attained their optimum range of movement on average ten and eight days earlier, respectively than the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Flail chest--pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis.

Multiple injury is often associated with an unstable serial rib fracture and a pulmonary contusion under the contact area which both lead to respiratory insufficiency. This has to be treated at an ICU by respirator with IMV and PEEP from the beginning. With this method the time of respirator treatment has been lowered to nearly one half and tracheostomy is seldom needed. Also, the required oxygen concentration is less (35%) which decreases the risk of toxic pulmonary injury. The prognosis is poorer with head injury or other concomitant injury, especially severe trauma causing bleeding in parenchymatous organs of the abdomen.

Flail Chest↗
PubMed1983

[Diaphragmatic ruptures in children].

Although diaphragmatic rupture in children due to blunt trauma is a rare condition we have observed an increasing number of these cases during the last years. Four cases will be reported and compared to the literature. The majority of diaphragmatic ruptures occurred on the left side. One third of all patients, however, had a rupture of the right diaphragm. In contrast to adults rupture of the diaphragm in children is rarely associated with rib fractures. Frequently liver and spleen become injured and two thirds of the patients presented with prolapse of abdominal organs into the pleural cavity. The prognosis of isolated diaphragmatic rupture is good, usually, however, prognosis is limited by the severe injuries sustained by the initial trauma. Only in half of the cases diaphragmatic rupture was diagnosed initially.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison between traditional skeletal radiography and total body bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma].

28 patients with multiple myeloma were examined by skeletal x-ray and 99Tcm-diphosphonate bone scan. Using both techniques, a total of 70 myelomatous bone lesions was found in 13 (46,5%) of the 28 patients: 69 bone lesions were detected by radiography and 33 by radionuclide imaging. Results indicate that x-ray is superior to bone scan, approximately twice, in detecting myeloma-related bone lesions. The low sensitivity of bone scan in myeloma can most likely be explained by the particular nature of myelomatous bone lesions. Multiple myeloma is almost always osteolytic, with very little new bone formation and extensive osteoclast activity related to osteoclast activating factor, whereas skeletal uptake of 99Tcm-diphosphonate seems to be related mainly to osteoblastic process. An exception to this general finding is the rib fractures, in which the two methods are equally reliable. These findings suggest that radiography is the method of first choice in obtaining a skeletal survey in patients with multiple myeloma.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1984

[Spinal opiate analgesia].

The spinal application of opiates is followed by a long-lasting and strong pain relief. This action is based upon the binding of opiates to specific opiate receptors situated in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. Two possible approaches exist - intrathecally or epidurally. The intrathecal opiate analgesia is combined with a very high incidence of side effects, so that this way cannot be recommended. The epidural opiate analgesia has proven good results with few side effects in the treatment of postoperative pain, pain of multiple rib fractures and other thoracic trauma or cancer pain. In obstetrics analgesia by spinal opiates was disappointing. Mode of action, possible side effects and the results of epidural opiates are discussed.

Epidural Space↗
PubMed1984

[Right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia following blunt trauma].

The mechanism of right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia following blunt trauma was examined. In 13 cases of Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia admitted to the Department of Traumatology Osaka University Hospital, 3 cases were on the right. All cases were associated with severe injuries in the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Rib fractures, hemothorax, and liver injury were seen in the same site of the ruptured diaphragm. So it seemed that there were some differences in the force itself caused diaphragmatic rupture between right-sided and left. We reviewed 40 cases of right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia reported in Japan. The following results were obtained. Main force which caused right-sided diaphragmatic rupture was the blunt impact to the right thoracic wall. In the right-sided diaphragmatic hernia, the most frequently herniated organ was the right lobe of the liver and there was high-frequency of G-I tract herniation in delayed types. Herniation of the abdominal organs seemed to be varied as the time passed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1981

Irradiation with external beam and interstitial radioactive implant as primary treatment for early carcinoma of the breast.

The locoregional control of 60 to 61 patients supports the results published by other centers and compares favorably with results of any surgical series. The cosmetic results are excellent with only three of 61 patients having severe fibrosis of the breast develop. No rib fractures, skin ulcerations, symptomatic radiation pneumonitis, edema of the arm or limitation of arm movement have been observed as complications. Ten of the 28 patients who have had axillary dissection had transient edema of the breast develop. Results of numerous studies suggest that primary radiotherapy without mastectomy is appropriate treatment for early carcinoma of the breast. The accessibility of the breast makes it relatively easy to deliver curative doses of radiation with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues. The cumulative radiotherapy experience has demonstrated the gratifying results of not only maintaining a rather normal breast but also avoiding the negative physical and psychologic repercussions of the mastectomy. Radiation therapy is an alternative to Halsted's radical mastectomy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1983

Guided biopsies of abnormalities on nuclear bone scans. Technique and indications.

A guided biopsy technique has been developed for evaluation of solitary bone abnormalities, identified by gallium 67 or technetium 99 bone scans, in patients with normal or ambiguous x-ray findings. Continuous gamma camera monitoring is used to guide staining of the bone abnormality and overlying tissues with methylene blue. This staining is followed by open biopsy of the marked bone. This technique was utilized in 15 patients, 12 of whom had bronchogenic carcinoma. The most commonly involved bones (13/15) were ribs. None of the patients had an identifiable, gross abnormality at operation, and the marked area was indistinguishable from neighboring tissues. Diagnostic tissue was obtained by each biopsy and there were no complications associated with this technique. The primary applicability of this technique is for both pretreatment and re-treatment staging of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients who have ambiguous nuclear bone scan abnormalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Hematuria after blunt trauma: when is pyelography useful?

Blood in the urine is common following blunt abdominal trauma. Most trauma centers routinely perform limited intravenous pyelography (IVP), usually with cystography, in such individuals presenting with any degree of hematuria in order to identify urinary tract injury. The observation that the yield of positive IVPs is small among such individuals, and the suspicion that a positive IVP rarely leads to a substantive change in outcome, resulted in the following retrospective study. We reviewed our Trauma Center's records for all patients undergoing IVP following blunt trauma in a 1-year period. Virtually all individuals had a cystogram performed. Positive studies were defined by various kidney, ureteral, bladder, or urethral abnormalities; bladder deviation by extrinsic pelvic hematoma was not counted as a positive finding. Among 156 patients undergoing IVP for hematuria in this period, 13 (8.3%) had an abnormal IVP or cystogram. Of these 13 patients ten (77%) had either gross or 4+ hematuria. Five patients (3%) required further diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. One patient (0.6%) required nephrectomy when exploration revealed renal artery thrombosis causing irreversible kidney ischemia. All five patients who required further evaluation or therapy presented with gross or 4+ hematuria. Had screening IVP been performed only in blunt trauma victims presenting with gross or 4+ hematuria, no patients with significant urinary tract injury would have been missed, and 119 (75%) of the patients in this series would have been spared the expenditure of time and money, and the radiation and dye exposure, resulting from their negative studies. Individuals in whom the possibility of renal injury is high following blunt trauma (flank pain or hematoma, low rib fractures) should undergo rapid limited IVP for diagnosis of significant genitourinary tract injury. Such evaluation should also be carried out in asymptomatic individuals who present with gross or 4+ hematuria. Microscopic hematuria alone, however, is a poor predictor of significant genitourinary tract damage. Our review suggests that asymptomatic victims of blunt trauma who have only small amounts of blood in the urine may safely be observed without routine emergency IVP.

Adolescent↗