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Results for “Protective Devices”

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mortality of female gas mask assemblers.

A 30-year follow-up study of the mortality of 500 women employed in manufacturing gas masks during the second world war showed a pronounced excess of deaths from mesothelioma and lung cancer. Although these women were subject only to short periods of exposure, greater excesses were found for those exposed for between one and five years than for those exposed for under one year. Even in the latter group, however, five deaths from lung cancer and four deaths from mesothelioma were recorded compared with 1.5 deaths and 0.1 deaths expected (p approximately equal to 0.02). An excess of deaths from cancer of the ovary was also found, and this appeared to be related to exposure to asbestos.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Concentrations and characteristics of amphibole fibres in the lungs of workers exposed to crocidolite in the British gas-mask factories, and elsewhere, during the second world war.

Concentrations and length distributions of uncoated and coated amphibole fibres in the lungs of 27 workers at the Leyland, Nottingham, and Blackburn gas-mask factories were measured after death with the light microscope using the membrane filter technique. Measurements were also made on a worker exposed to crocidolite at the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment, Porton, and on three miners from the Wittenoom mine in Western Australia where the crocidolite used in the manufacture of military respirators is reputed to have originated. In selected cases, fibre concentrations and dimensions were also measured with the electron microscope. All but two subjects died with a mesothelial tumour. Fibre concentrations ranged from 7 x 10(4) to almost 10(9) fibres/g dry weight. There appeared to be no relation between latent period and fibre concentration. The significance of the wide range of fibre concentrations which was associated with the development of mesothelial tumours is discussed and also the relation between the relative frequency and dimensions of uncoated and coated fibres.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Protective value of dust respirators in extrinsic allergic alveolitis: clinical assessment using inhalation provocation tests.

Six subjects with budgerigar fancier's lung, pigeon breeder's lung, or mushroom worker's lung underwent identical paired inhalation provocation tests of 20 minutes to five hours duration (mean 2.3 hours) using a natural method of antigen exposure. For one test of each pair, the subjects were protected by the use of industrial dust respirators that incorporate electrostatically charged, resin-impregnated merino wool filters. The unprotected challenges provoked late responses of mild to moderate severity, that were characteristic of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. These were monitored by methods described previously, using four subjective and six objective monitoring tests. A score of 1 was allowed for each monitoring test showing a significant change. A combined monitoring score of 32/57 was associated with the unprotected challenges-that is, 56% of the maximum score possible. The respirators successfully protected four of the subjects from any suspicion of a positive response. The remaining two subjects reported symptoms of minimal severity, but there was no independent confirmatory evidence of positive reactions. The combined monitoring score associated with all six protected challenges was 2/60 (3%), while that associated with corresponding control challenges was 3/73 (4%). We conclude that respirators of this type can offer substantial, and in most cases complete, protection against single exposures to environmental dusts that may provoke extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Doc's proplugs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ear Protective Devices↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance of baseball headgear.

An experiment was conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of commercially available baseball headgear in a simulated environment where the head of the batter is struck. Using a compressed air cannon, baseballs were fired at an instrumented headform at frontal and temporal locations with and without a helmet. Striking velocities ranged from 50 to 120 mph and rebound velocities were 1/3 to 1/2 of that of the initial speed. Additional impact tests were conducted on equivalent flat helmet sections backed by a rigid steel plate, the results of which seemed to indicate that the materials and configurations currently employed do little to dissipate the energy of the striker. Head accelerations in excess of 1,000 G were measured, but quantitative injury potential could not be assessed since no applicable tolerances currently exist. We concluded that the incorporation of additional external padding on the plastic shell of the helmet and/or modifications of the suspension would significantly improve the energy absorption capabilities of the helmet and further minimize the possibility of head trauma.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1984

The inertial and geometrical properties of helmets.

The center of gravity (CG) and the principal mass moments of inertia about the CG of Army aviator, American football, and bicycle helmets were experimentally determined by a variation of the classic differential weighing and torsional pendulum techniques. In the course of these experiments, an innovative method for three-dimensional (3D) digitization was found. An electronic caliper, which measured length, was used with a computer algorithm to achieve 3D digitization. The results of the above measurements show that the weight of the helmet and the distances from the CG to the orthogonal coordinate axes intercepts with the outer shell surface were highly correlated with its principal mass moments of inertia. A set of regression equations was derived on theoretical considerations and served to unify the experimentally obtained data. Our results indicate that the principal mass moments of inertia of helmets vary linearly with its mass but nonlinearly with size and shape. For a helmet, given its weight and certain geometrical distances, the regression equations estimate the principal mass moments of inertia to within 5% of its experimentally-determined values. For the helmets studied in this series, a modified linear-regression relationship between the principal mass moments of inertia and its mass was found. This result is reasonable because the mass distribution of the current generation of helmets are set primarily by the head size and secondarily by helmet size, shape, and materials.

Aviation↗
PubMed1987

Stability of safety glasses during sterilization and disinfection.

Awareness of the necessity for physical barriers as essential components of an infection control program for dental practice has led to increased use of gloves, masks, and protective eyewear. Because eyewear is not disposable, it could serve as a source of cross-contamination and should be disinfected between patients. This study investigates the optical stability of two types of safety glasses after various sterilization/disinfection procedures.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1989

[Great depth pneumatic caisson and its load work involved with the efficiency of respiratory protection].

Pneumatic caisson work in Japan has been in operation since 1924. Afterward, this technique of compressed air work has been utilized in the constructions like as foundation works, the basements, and shafts of the bottom tunnel or shields for subway and so forth. While, it means for people to be exposed to hyperbaric environment that they use compressed air work, this technique has risks to be suffered from not only decompression sickness (DCS) but toxicity of poisonous gas or oxygen deficiency. However, this technique is necessary for urban civil engineering and recent compressed air works over than 1.0 kg/cm2 has been increased in 1.5 times more than in 1970's and the higher compressed air work more than 4.0 kg/cm2 will be actually planned in near future. So unmanned caisson work is considered as a better technique for such high pressure work, even though people must enter into hyperbaric working fields for maintenance or repair of unmanned operated machinery and materials. This research is to establish the safety work under hyperbaric environment within 7 kg/cm2. It is necessary for us to establish the system not only to keep safety but to maintain working efficiency. According to obtain the purpose, the effect of respiratory protection has been investigated and work load under hyperbaric caisson work has also been studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Protection from light-rays by cold-weather goggles.

To arrive at transmittance standards for cold-weather goggles, the levels of natural radiation were estimated, and the amounts by which they must be reduced to fall below the damage thresholds for various bands of electromagnetic radiation were calculated. No more than 16% of UV from 320 to 40 nm, and no more than 5% of UV from 290 to 320 nm should be transmitted. If the short wavelengths of the visible spectrum (less than 500 nm) are filtered out, the remaining wavelengths appear to pose no danger. Measurements of the transmittances of a random selection of 13 commercial skigoggles showed that most offer satisfactory protection.

Altitude↗
PubMed1988

The role of personal beliefs and social influences as determinants of respirator use among construction painters.

The purpose of this study was to identify and rank potential determinants of respirator use among painters in the construction industry. As part of a health survey of union painters, 169 male spray painters were questioned about their own beliefs concerning the consequences of wearing cartridge respirators, as well as about the perceived attitudes of others in the workplace toward respirators. Intended respirator use was more strongly associated with beliefs than was past use. The most important beliefs concerned discomfort or inconvenience. Other determinants that were associated with respirator use were respirator availability, cigarette smoking, and social influences. It was concluded that the most effective intervention strategy to increase respirator use would be multidimensional and that efforts to change only a worker's beliefs may have limited success.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Motor cycle helmets and facial injuries.

The design of motor cycle helmets has been changing over the years and at the present time there are two basic types in popular use: "full-face" and "jet" helmets. Both helmet types give good protection to the brain, but, one would think, different degrees of facial protection. A special study of traffic crashes has indicated that full-face helmets provide significantly greater protection against facial injury than do jet helmets. The study also indicated that the wearers of full-face helmets have no greater risk of involvement in road traffic crashes than do the wearers of jet helemts. It is suggested that the use of full-face helmets should be encouraged and consideration given to the revision of helmet standards to require the provision of facial protection.

Accidents, Traffic↗