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PubMed1950

Premedication.

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Climacteric↗
PubMed2005

Ketamine anaesthesia following premedication of rabbits with vitamin C.

The effects of vitamin C on ketamine anesthesia was studied. In normal rabbits the onset and duration of ketamine induced anesthesia were 6.0 +/- 0.5 and 36.0 +/- 0.9 min, respectively. Pre-treatment of rabbits with 30, 60 and 240 mg/kg, i.m. of vitamin C followed by ketamine 40 mg/ kg i.m. resulted in significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the onset and increase in duration of ketamine anesthesia to 5.0 +/- 0.06 and 37.0 +/- 0.7; 4.0 +/- 0.5 and 39.0 +/- 0.6; 2.0 +/- 2.3 and 44.0 +/- 0.8 min, respectively. There was also significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the heart rates in the animals treated with vitamin C and ketamine combinations. Serum analysis showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in blood glucose. The observed decreased in serum calcium and phosphorous following ketamine injection was prevented by pretreatment with vitamin C. These results suggest that vitamin C at higher doses could potentiate ketamine anesthesia in rabbits.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2005

The missing curriculum: experience with emotional competence education and training for premedical and medical students.

Medical education has long overlooked teaching the normal psychodynamics of everyday adult life (psychonormality) in favor of training in psychopathology. Proficiency in psychonormality skills (i.e., emotional competence) includes skilled management of internal emotions, external situations and relationships, and promotes patient satisfaction and healthcare outcomes as well as better mental health for practitioners. In particular, teaching psychonormality skills can be helpful to underrepresented minority (URM) students whose psychonormality experiences may differ from the culture of mainstream medical education. This paper outlines a clinically derived, pragmatic, five-step course designed to educate and train students for emotionally competent medical practice. A real-life example taken from an introductory workshop presentation of this course at a Student National Medical Association meeting is presented to illustrate the student-oriented application of the concepts. The enthusiastic reception accorded such workshops suggests an unmet need for this type of training in medical curricula. Benefits could include improved doctor-patient relationships and associated healthcare outcomes as well as higher retention of competent, professional, satisfied and healthier physicians, particularly URMs. Medical schools and residencies are encouraged to carefully evaluate the impact of incorporating psychonormality education and emotional competence training into their present curricula and faculty development.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Levodropropizine in the premedication to fibrebronchoscopy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of cough-preventing treatment with levodropropizine, a drug inhibiting peripheral cough reflexes, in patients undergoing bronchial endoscopy. Sixteen patients, aged 37-73 years, suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease in the hypersecretory phase, were included in the study. The experiment was designed as double blind with double observer, controlled versus placebo. As comparative efficacy parameters were considered the number of anaesthetic boluses (lidocaine at 2%) administered during and immediately after the manoeuvre. The number of coughs during and 10 min after bronchoscopy was registered on a magnetic tape and read by a blinded observer thereafter. Levodropropizine was given as oral drops (20 each time, equal to 60 mg active drug) 12 h and 1 h before bronchoscopy. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistical tests and by the non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Levodropropizine treatment significantly reduced the number of anaesthetic enemas (p less than 0.01), and presented an excellent tolerability and safety profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Local estrogen premedication reduces the abortion time in prostaglandin E1 analogue-induced abortion in the 2nd trimester].

Twenty-eight patients (median gestational age 17 weeks) referred for induction of second trimester abortion, were randomized to intracervical preliminary treatment by either 50 mg 17 beta-oestradiol or placebo. Abortion was then induced by 1 mg prostaglandin E1 vagitories. The preliminary treatment caused a significant rise in cervical score and a significant reduction in induction-abortion time especially by reducing the number of patients with prolonged induction-abortion time.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Premedication with flunitrazepam in gastro-intestinal endoscopy.

Administration of 2 mg flunitrazepam (Rohypnol; Roche) to patients before gastro-intestinal endoscopy caused significantly less anxiety and achieved significantly greater sedation than diazepam (Vallium; Roche). No differences were found between any of the trial groups with respect to ease of intubation, tolerance of the procedure, gastric peristalsis, and the state of the pylorus. Memory of the procedure was significantly less vivid in the groups who received 2 mg flunitrazepam, than in the other groups. The patients who received 2 mg flunitrazepam showed a significantly greater willingness to undergo a repeat procedure, both when asked immediately after the procedure, and when asked on the next visit. Pulse rate increased in all groups during the procedure. No change in respiratory rate or in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in any group.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗