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Results for “Persons with Intellectual Disabilities”

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PubMed1997

[Case study: debut of legal sterilization of mentally ill patients in the Vaud canton].

The topic of genetic transmission of mental diseases appears early in the psychiatric literature. Among the consequences of these theories in the Swiss canton Vaud a law was enacted in 1928 concerning the sterilization of persons affected by "mental disease or mental disability". This short communication presents a selection of case histories which sheds light on the first years after the enactment of this law.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Dental care of mentally retarded persons].

To let the dental treatment of mentally handicapped people run as smoothly as possible a good cooperation between dentist and parents, or attendants, is of great importance. After the psychosocial, the medical and the dental anamneses a provisional treatment plan can be made in consultation with the patient and/or his attendants. The treatment plan and the treatment itself are regularly evaluated and, if necessary, adjusted. The cooperation, the nature of the handicap, the oral care and motivation play an important role in determining the aim of the treatment. In most cases an approach directed towards a change in behaviour will suffice. Sometimes, however, pharmacological support is required. For this the patient will usually be referred to a centre for special care dentistry.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Older adults with lifelong intellectual handicap in New Zealand: prevalence, disabilities and implications for regional health authorities.

AIM: To find and describe the total population of persons in New Zealand born before 1940 with lifelong intellectual disability and to provide health and services data for regional health authorities. METHOD: An intensive community based case finding process identified 197 (19%) people not known to the two major service producers, the public hospitals and New Zealand Society for the Intellectually Handicapped (IHC). Prime caregivers provided information about personal characteristics, health status, and services utilisation and needs. RESULTS: One thousand and sixty-three people with lifelong intellectual disability were identified and surveyed. Forty two percent lived in public hospitals, 7% with family, 13% in rest homes and 38% in community based facilities. The national prevalence was 1.43 with wide regional variation. Prevalence in Southern RHA was 2.34, in Central 1.76, in Midlands 0.70 and in North Health 0.87. The age range was 51 to 88, with 56% aged between 51 and 60 years, 32% between 61 and 70 and 12% over the age of 71 years. Twenty three percent had no major condition, disability or disease, 28% had some unspecified neurological impairment, 4% cerebral palsy, 13% Down's syndrome, 17% epilepsy, 21% musculoskeletal impairment, 14% cardiovascular disease and 25% a psychiatric diagnosis. A significantly higher number of physical disabilities was found in people living in hospitals, including 15 of the 17 blind people and 41 of the 53 people with mobility problems. There was wide variation among RHA areas in demand for therapeutic services, community and social support services. CONCLUSION: Past policies and practices of hospitalization have impacted on the present distribution of the study group. The services system must now accommodate regional differences and characteristics of this population and new demands to achieve goals of community integration.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Variability in adaptive behavior in children with developmental delay.

Although diagnosticians have become increasingly sensitized to the importance of assessing adaptive behavior in persons with intellectual delay, few empirical data have been available with respect to the relationship between these two dimensions of development in referred clinical populations. Subjects in this study were 117 children aged 9 to 111 months who had significantly intellectual delay. All subjects were administered the Developmental Profile II (DPII), a parent-report measure of functional and adaptive skills. Seventy-nine percent of the children with mild intellectual delay obtained Self-Help age scores on the DPII and 74.2% Social Age scores that were within broad chronological age expectations. A surprising percentage of children with moderate and severe intellectual delays also obtained adaptive age scores at this level.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Association of sociodemographic characteristics of children with intellectual disability in Western Australia.

The social determinants of intellectual disability (ID) are poorly understood, particularly in Australia. This study has investigated sociodemographic correlates of ID of unknown cause in Western Australian born children. Using record linkage to the Western Australian Maternal & Child Health Research Database, maternal sociodemographic characteristics of children with ID (of unknown cause) born between 1983 and 1992 (n = 2871) were compared with those of children without ID (n = 236,964). Socioeconomic indices for areas based on the census district of mother's residence were also included in the analysis. Aboriginal mothers (OR = 2.83 [CI: 2.52, 3.18]), teenagers (OR = 2.09 [CI: 1.82, 2.40]) and single mothers (OR = 2.18 [CI: 1.97, 2.42]) were all at increased risk of having a child with mild or moderate ID. Children of mothers in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged 10% had more than five times the risk of mild and moderate ID compared with those in the least disadvantaged 10% (OR = 5.61 [CI: 4.42, 7.12]). Fourth or later born children were also at increased risk (OR = 1.82 [CI: 1.63, 2.02]). The results of the study have implications both for further aetiological investigation as well as service provision for children with ID. Furthermore, many of the sociodemographic correlates identified in this study, particularly in the mild/moderate category of ID, are potentially modifiable, opening up opportunities for primary prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sex between people with "mental retardation": an ethical evaluation.

Is sex between people with "mental retardation" [1] morally permissible and, if at all, under what conditions? This paper tries to answer this question, but only with regard to sex between biologically mature individuals with mild or moderate mental retardation. First, the concepts of "sexual activity" and mental retardation" are analysed briefly, which is challenging given the widely divergent and sometimes rather awkward definitions of these concepts. On the basis of this analysis, it is argued that the liberal principle of mutual consent, if taken as a necessary condition of permissible sex, has unacceptable consequences for people with mental retardation. Many forms of sex between them would be morally impermissible, given the fact that their limited powers of practical reasoning will often make valid consent well-nigh impossible. As an alternative to the liberal principle of permissible sex, conditions are specified that include the additional consent of caretakers. If people with mental retardation do not have the capacities of practical deliberation required for valid consent, care providers with mature reasoning powers should act as their substitutes. Finally, some important implications for the moral education of future care professionals are spelled out.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of patients admitted to two medium secure units, one for those of normal intelligence and one for those with learning disability.

Differences between patients being treated in two different medium secure units, one for those of normal intelligence and one for those with learning disability, were investigated. Sociodemographic, psychiatric, medical and medicolegal data were recorded for all inpatients in both secure units. Patients in the medium secure unit for those of normal intelligence were older at the time of the study and at conviction for the index offence, more likely to have been admitted from the penal system, and more likely to suffer from a psychotic disorder, particularly schizophrenia or a mood disorder. Their index offence was more likely to be homicide, attempted murder, manslaughter or grievous bodily harm, while that of the patients with learning disability was more likely to be a sexual offence. A need for separate medium secure unit facilities for those of normal intelligence and those with learning disability is supported by differing psychiatric and behavioural requirements.

Adult↗