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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Comparison between the U.N. population projections for Latin America and actual estimates, 1950-1980].

"The purpose of this paper is to compare population projections prepared by the United Nations in the 1950's with the actual estimates for the countries and the regions of Central (including Mexico) and South America. The comparison is made in terms of (a) base population used in the projections (1950), (b) the projected and the estimated population for 1980, and (c) the projected and the estimated rates (including rates of growth) and numbers of births, deaths and migration over the 30 year period of the projections (1950-1980)." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2006

'Genetics home reference': helping patients understand the role of genetics in health and disease.

The surge of information generated by the Human Genome Project has left many health professionals and their patients struggling to understand the role of genetics in health and disease. To aid the lay public and health professionals, the US National Library of Medicine developed an online resource called 'Genetics Home Reference' (GHR), located at http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/. Launched in April 2003, GHR's goal is to help the public interpret the health implications of the Human Genome Project. It bridges the clinical questions of consumers and the rich technical data emerging from the sequenced human genome. The GHR web site is designed for easy navigation among summaries for genetic conditions and the related gene(s) and chromosome(s). This design strategy enhances the user's appreciation of how genes, chromosomes, and conditions are interrelated.

Genetic Diseases, Inborn↗
PubMed2001

Immunisation safety: a priority of the World Health Organization's Department of Vaccines and Biologicals.

In 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Vaccines and Biologicals launched the Immunisation Safety Priority Project to boost its activities in this area, with the aim of establishing a comprehensive system to ensure the safety of all immunisations given in national immunisation programmes. Countries are the primary focus of this project. The WHO has a role to play not only because of its technical and normative role but also because of its privileged relationship with country authorities and other partners, its global vision and mandate, and because it is perceived as free from conflicts of interest. There are four areas of focus in the project: quality control and assessment tools to ensure vaccine safety from clinical trials up to and including the point of use;research and development of safer and simpler delivery systems; access to safer and more efficient systems for vaccine delivery and sharps waste management; and mechanisms to respond promptly and effectively to vaccine safety concerns. The project emphasises the importance of advocating safety and developing necessary infrastructure and human resource to properly deal with immunisation related safety issues at a national level.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

INDANA: a meta-analysis on individual patient data in hypertension. Protocol and preliminary results.

The overall effect of antihypertensive drug treatment has been well documented. The proportion of patients who benefit varies according to their baseline cardiovascular risk, and is small for the majority of people treated. Some investigators propose limiting the treatment target population to patients at high cardiovascular risk, but several assumptions must be made to justify this procedure. The INDANA project is a meta-analysis based on individual patient data, and thus offers the opportunity to check the validity of these assumptions. Its main objective is to identify responders (and non-responders) in the drug treatment of hypertension. The rationale and methods for such an approach are presented here, with the solution for some technical problems. The conclusion of the data collection has shown that the project is feasible. The results of the main analysis should be available in 1996, and should contribute to the selection of responders and to the individualization of the treatment of hypertension.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

10 steps to implementing OSH software.

Properly implementing software is no simple task. Even the best software will fail miserably when not implemented properly. You must have the right individuals on your project team to increase the odds of success. I have identified the most common steps that should be reviewed to avoid typical pitfalls, ensuring the project is completed within the budget and timeline agreed to and not only meets the technical scope, but is well received by the users. If done properly, the entire process should only take a few months, depending on the complexity and size of your project.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Estimation of missing cone data in three-dimensional electron microscopy.

The range of tilt angles for which projected images of two-dimensionally periodic specimens can be obtained in electron microscopy is limited both by technical aspects, such as goniometer design, and by the more fundamental limitation of object thickness. The lack of a full set of projections causes a missing cone in the reciprocal space data for the object, which will give an anisotropic resolution in a three-dimensional reconstruction and may cause the quality to be impaired by spurious features. The problem is governed by a linear operator which maps the three-dimensional object onto the set of projections. The eigenvalue spectrum of this operator is determined by the range of tilt angles and the spatial extent of the object. If the object is spatially restricted, the eigenvalues are all positive, and it is in principle possible to retrieve experimentally unavailable structure data from those that are measured. However, with restricted angle data, some of the eigenvalues are extremely small, so the problem is 'ill-conditioned' or sensitive to small perturbations in the data, such as noise, and it is necessary to regularize the solution. We applied two methods of band-limited extrapolation and inference on electron microscope data. Alternating projections onto convex sets regularized by a regularization parameter and a least squares estimation regularized by the Shannon entropy functional yield similar results if a close object extent constraint is available. The criterion of maximum entropy, however, allows a relaxation of this constraint.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

RETAIN--an ATM pilot project for applications in health care.

The availability of ATM-based broadband wide-area networks facilitates a range of new applications in health care, especially the performance of videoconferences combined with software for computer-supported cooperative discussion and diagnosis of digital medical images. This report about a research project for applications of the 'European ATM pilot network' in radiology describes the technical, economic and structural framework for the application of broadband technology in health care.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Child development services: a multidisciplinary approach to professional education via videoconference.

We have piloted a monthly series of multidisciplinary case discussions via videoconference in the area of child development. The project provided a forum for clinical discussion of complex cases, peer review, professional development and networking for allied health professionals and paediatricians. Six sites in Queensland participated in the project; each site presented at least one case for discussion. The videoconferences ran for 90 min each and were attended by an average of 26 health professionals. The response rate for a questionnaire survey was 71%. The respondents rated the effectiveness of case summaries and the follow-up newsletter very positively. Despite some early difficulties with the technical aspects of videoconferencing, the evaluation demonstrated the participants' satisfaction with the project and its relevance to their everyday practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Combining probabilistic and subjective assessments of error to provide realistic appraisals of demographic forecast uncertainty: Alho's approach.

"With increasing interest in forecast uncertainty, there is an evolving concern with assessing the degree of certainty we can attach to uncertainty itself. This concern is the subject of recent work by Juha Alho.... I examine [his] approach systematically and draw general conclusions about its efficacy. Suggestions for improvement are made."

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Neuroinformatics Research for Vision Science: NRV project.

The NRV project (Neuroinformatics Research for Vision Science) is the first project in Japan started in 1999 under the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, aimed at building the foundation of neuroinformatics research. Because of the wealth of data on the visual system, the NRV project will use vision research to promote experimental, theoretical and technical research as a pilot study on neuroinformatics. Details can be found at: http://www.neuroinformatics.gr.jp/.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effective use of fly ash slurry as fill material.

A lot of effort has been put into increasing coal ash utilization; however, 50% of total amount is disposed of on land and in the sea. Several attempts have been reported recently concerning slurried coal fly ash use for civil engineering materials, such as for structural fill and backfill. The authors have studied this issue for more than 15 years and reported its potential for (1) underwater fills, (2) light weight backfills, and (3) light weight structural fills, through both laboratory tests and construction works. This paper is an overview of the results obtained for slurry, focusing on the following. (1) Coal fly ash reclaimed by slurry placement shows lower compressibility, higher ground density, and higher strength than by the other methods. This higher strength increases stability against liquefaction during earthquake. (2) Higher stability of the fly ash ground formed by slurry placement is caused by higher density and its self-hardening property. (3) Stability of fly ash reclaimed ground can be increased by increasing density and also by strength enhancement by cement addition. (4) Technical data obtained through a man-made island construction project shows the advantages of fly ash slurry in terms of mechanical properties such as higher stability against sliding failure, sufficient ground strength, and also in terms of cost saving. (5) Concentration in leachates from the placed slurry is lower than the Japanese environmental law. (6) In order to enlarge the fly ash slurry application toward a lightweight fill, mixtures of air foam, cement and fly ash were examined. Test results shows sufficient durability of this material against creep failure. This material was then used as lightweight structural fill around a high-rise building, and showed sufficient quality. From the above data, it can be concluded that coal fly ash slurry can be effectively utilized in civil engineering projects.

Carbon↗
PubMed2002

The impact of handpump corrosion on water quality in rural areas of West African sub-region.

Water, even in its natural environment, contains some level of impurities. Water is nearly a universal solvent. It contains dissolved solids and gases, and hosts a number of micro-organisms. The exploitation of groundwater by means of boreholes for supplying small user groups and rural communities with water has been widely applied in certain parts of the world for several decades. In recent years this practice has spread all over the globe, and hundred of thousands of boreholes have been drilled to tap low-yield aquifers. It is evident that such boreholes require pumps for lifting the water. In developing countries these are usually handpumps, but solar as well as other systems with submersible pumps are also used, depending upon the energy sources available and the financial means of the beneficiaries. This article gives a general overview of groundwater quality with regard to its physico-chemical composition. The results presented originate from the experience gained from handpump equipped boreholes within the UNICEF through German Centre for Technical Education Transfer executed inter-regional UNDP-Handpumps Project in West African Regions. Particular attention is paid to presenting corrosion on the water quality of wells in terms of iron concentration and other parameters. Furthermore, the corrosion attack on galvanised iron, the effect of biofilms on the corrosion rate, and the difference between internal and external corrosion of rising mains are shown.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1990

Effects of targets and aggregation on the propagation of error in mortality forecasts.

"Official forecasts of mortality depend on assumptions about target values for the future rates of decline in mortality rates. Smooth functions connect the jump-off (base-year) mortality to the level implied by the targets. Three alternative sets of targets are assumed, leading to high, middle, and low forecasts. We show that this process can be closely modeled using simple linear statistical models. These explicit models allow us to analyze the error structure of the forecasts. We show that the current assumption of perfect correlation between errors in different ages, at different forecast years, and for different causes of death, is erroneous. An alternative correlation structure is suggested, and we show how its parameters can be estimated from the past data. The effect of the level of aggregation on the accuracy of mortality forecasts is considered." The geographical focus is on the United States. (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Age Factors↗