Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Bioaccumulation of elements and radionuclides by macrofungi. Review for territories of Poland].

A bibliographic review is presented on publications related to bioaccumulation of elements, specially metals and radionuclides in fruiting bodies of higher mushrooms collected at the territory of Poland. In the paper apart from the list of references in tables is given, chronologically, name of the first author, year of publication, site, the type of work (in situ, commercial source, field experiment, laboratory study), chemical symbols of the elements and the abbreviations of the latin names of the mushroom species under study.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of principles for establishing disability pension eligibility for orthopedic cases used in Germany and in Poland. I. German rules for establishing eligibility in orthopedics].

The aim of the present paper is to compare the rules used in Germany and Poland to establish an individual's eligibility for a disability pension in cases of orthopedic disorders. Harmonizing these rules is one of the basic factors needed to create the proper platform for cooperation among health care systems in all the countries associated with the European Union. This first part of the work discusses the German rules for eligibility proceedings in orthopedic cases. The example of spinal disorders is used to explain the scheme of the examination conducted by the specialist to determine the disability group to which the person should belong. Attention is drawn to the rules governing the use of additional tests and eligibility proceedings.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of principles used to establish eligibility for disability pensions for orthopedic cases in Germany and in Poland. II. Polish rules for establishing eligibility in orthopedics].

The goal of the present paper is to compare the rules used in Germany and Poland to establish an individual's eligibility for a disability pension in cases of orthopedic disorders. Harmonizing these rules is one of the basic factors needed to create the proper platform for cooperation among health care systems in all the countries associated with the European Union. This second part of the work will discuss the Polish rules for eligibility proceedings in orthopedic cases. The example of spinal disorders is used to explain the format for the examination conducted by an orthopedic specialist in the course of the process of determining the disability group to which the person belongs.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2000

[Familial sarcoidosis in Poland: analysis of clinical characteristics and environmental aspects].

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of undetermined etiology although it can be related to genetic or environmental factors or both. We investigated 19 polish caucasian families with at least two affected relatives and healthy families members in order to evaluate the clinical aspects of familial sarcoidosis and the influence of environmental factors. We have found three types of familial sarcoidosis: 10 sib pairs, 1 sib triplet, 5 parent offspring pairs and one case of sarcoidosis in cousins. Most of sarcoidosis cases were histologically proved. A high frequency of chronic onset of the disease, chronic form with extrapulmonary sarcoidosis and fibrosis were observed. In only three families the course of the disease was similar in both affected relatives. There was no specific environmental agent found that could be related to the development of the disease. We concluded that it may be possible that familial sarcoidosis can have poorer prognosis that non-familial form, but there is no epidemiological data available about the clinical aspects of sarcoidosis in Poland. The clinical aspects of familial sarcoidosis can suggest the inherited susceptibility to the disease. The etiologic extrinsic factor has not been identified, but it doesn't exclude its role in the pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Public health institutions in the second republic of Poland--the organization, its aims and tasks].

The author discusses the organizations, the aims and the tasks of the selected public health care institutions in the Second Republic of Poland which realized particular health policy of the state. The policy included all matters concerning the public health care solved by the state through the assignment of the aims and tasks as well as the organization of the infrastructure for its realization. In order to determine the tasks of public health care one should ask how the medicine, as a branch of science, influenced off the health policy, what way it was connected with policy and economy as well as how it determined the creation of such a policy? The answers to these questions were provided by the health policy of the state expressed, among others, by health care addressed to an individual, a social group and the whole society. The range of health care corresponds to the assumed objectives aimed at by the state through plans and actions ensuring (at least theoretically) the best solutions. Generally its attempt to provide care and to maintain the health of an individual and the whole society. The tasks of public health care can be grouped in three domains: therapy, prophylaxis and rehabilitation.

Health Policy↗
PubMed2000

[Personnel and their training as needed for controlling infectious diseases during the era between wars in Poland].

Sanitary personnel, which were combating the epidemic of infectious diseases in Poland between the first and the second world war, consisted of doctors, sanitary inspectors, hygienists and disinfectors. With support of the Rockefeller Foundation for the first time the public health staff was fully trained. They were awarded travel scholarships to the United States of America. The Polish Hygiene School was inspired by Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. It was on integrated part of the State Hygiene Institute, which since 1924 started regulary to school the sanitary personnel. The course of lectures included a large range of subjects of public health and was adjusted to the Polish conditions. Through thirteen years of the specialist schooling the half the doctors employed in the public health service took part in them, all of the country doctors and the greater part of the middle personnel of the sanitary--epidemic service.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Disease in the neolithic population of the Lengyel culture (4300-4000 B.C.) from the Kujawy region in north-central Poland.

In this paper the skeletal sample from Osłonki near Włocławek (Kujawy region) is analysed. It is dated back to 4300-4000 B.C. The material consists of skeletal remains of 92 individuals (being one of the largest samples from the neolithic period in Poland). Skeletons were examined for the presence of congenital malformation, traumatic and degenerative changes, diseases of the masticatory system, and cribra orbitalia. Some interesting results have been achieved by comparing the incidences of diseases regarding sex groups: pathological alterations were observed with greater frequency in male than female skeletons.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2000

[Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding of infants in Poland].

Factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding in Poland were studied in 10156 randomly selected infants aged 1-6 months. They were breastfed at the time of data collection. Among them, 4929 (48.5%) infants were exclusively breastfed. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding were: use of a pacifier, short duration of total breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding accepted by mothers, first child in the family, primary education of parents, mother working in farming and non-employed father, maternal smoking and maternal age over 34 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Eating patterns of school-aged children and adolescents in Poland - questionnaire investigations].

The aim of the investigations carried out by the National Institute of Mother and Child in school-aged children and adolescents including a group of obese pupils, was to assess the health behaviour concerning eating habits and food consumption. A part of these investigations was carried out in framework of international collaborative studies. In a representative group of pupils in Poland, we found that vegetable, dark bread and milk consumption remained on low level, while the use of soft drinks increased. The number of children who ate breakfast at home and lunch at school decreased especially in girls. We found a statistically evident difference in eating habits between obese adolescents and these with normal body mass, especially concerning regularity of meal consumption. We find, that it is very difficult to change incorrect eating habits in obese adolescents. We observe in our outpatient clinic, that obese adolescents have changed the quantity of food, but they haven't changed their habits. The recommended by dietitions increase of fruits, vegetables and low fat milk consumption in their diet was not generally accepted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis of glaucoma therapy costs in Poland. I--population of the Mazovian District].

AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to estimate and evaluate costs of glaucoma therapy in Poland in 1998-2000 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 315 patients (591 eyes) including 364 POAG eyes and 227 PACG eyes were evaluated. Progression of the disease was measured in two modes: by changes in the optical nerve disc (c/d) and by IOP level. Duration of the study was 12 months. Total costs (e.g. number of visits, amount of medications used, surgical and laser procedures performed) were calculated on 100 eyes/12 months. RESULTS: Pharmacological therapy constitutes 40-50% of the total costs in both glaucoma types. Timolol was the mostly prescribed drug in POAG, while pilocarpine led in PACG group. Dorzolamide was on the third place, but it generated the biggest part of total costs. Patients with advanced forms of the disease more frequently saw doctor on visits (average 6 visits per year); patients with elevated IOP (> 21 mm Hg) underwent surgical procedures more commonly than these with optical nerve disc changes (c/d > 0.6). The total costs of the therapy of non-advanced cases amounted 70.243 PLN on the average, while in advanced cases it reached the average of 155.230 PLN. CONCLUSION: 1. The total cost of glaucoma therapy depends on progression of the disease. 2. The most cost-generating part is the pharmacological therapy of glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cardiovascular risk factors in supersonic pilots in Poland.

Selected cardiovascular risk factors were examined in 272 active pilots of supersonic aircraft in Poland. Hypercholesterolemia was present in 72.4% and hypertriglyceridemia in 17.1% of the pilots. Decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased levels of LDL-cholesterol were found in 86.9% and 69.9% of pilots, respectively. Slightly over half (52.2%) were found to be mildly overweight while 6.6% were obese. The prevalence of smoking was 25.4%. Risk factor modification included non-pharmacological treatment of hyperlipidemia supported by lipid-lowering drugs, depending on the serum lipid level. A significant improvement in lipid profiles was obtained with this strategy, at least over 3 to 6 mo of follow up. The challenge is to develop strategies that will result in maintained improvements.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Social conditioning of body height and mass in children and adolescents, as well as in adult inhabitants of the Konin Province, Poland.

This paper presents the socio-economic conditioning of somatic features in children and adolescents, as well as in adults, both men and women. The material used in the analysis was collected in 1990 in the Konin voivodeship (Poland). It comprises 1587-1608 boys and 2191-2213 girls at the age of 7-18 years. The adults consist of two groups: 1. aged 25-39 (3096 men and 4628 women), 2. aged 40-59 (4210 men and 3061 women). The metrical data comprise body height, body mass and BMI. Environmental (size of the district of residence) and social data (level of education and professional data of the parents) were taken into account. Multidimensional statistical analysis (step-wise) was applied to explain the variability of the somatic features under study in relation to the socio-environmental factors. It could be shown that the socio-environmental differentiation of the somatic features manifests itself in a different manner depending on the kind of feature, on the gender and on the age. In comparison with the girls the boys show a greater ecosensitivity of body height and mass and a lesser ecosensitivity concerning the BMI. Among all the factors describing "the quality of living conditions" the classically used indirect factors have a fundamental influence on the development of body height, body mass and BMI of boys, as well as on the body height of girls (e.g. parents' addiction to nicotine, physical effort). The social differentiation manifests itself most clearly in adult women's body mass and BMI and in men's body height. The level of education is a factor of relatively highest importance. It differentiates somatic features of men and women independently of their age (exceptions: body mass of younger women, BMI of older men). The occupational stratification differentiates women's somatic features (with the exception of the BMI of the older women) and body height of the younger men. The size of the district differentiates somatic features in younger women and men, apart from body height in men, and conditionally (Ha: one-sided) BMI in older women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical reconstruction options in Poland's syndrome].

We present two cases with Poland's anomaly in a 36 years old man and 27 years old woman and review the possibilities of surgical reconstruction. We performed a one-stage chest-wall reconstruction with a prefabricated silicone implant and latissimus dorsi muscle flap in our male patient with chest-wall deformity and partial absence of the pectoral major muscle. Our female patient with absent pectoral major muscle and aplasia of the mammary gland and mammalia underwent a one-stage reconstruction with a prefabricated silicone implant and latissimus dorsi muscle flap and inflatable silicone prothesis for the mound of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of the health promoting school. Concepts and practice in Poland and Europe].

The history of health promoting school movement in Poland, Europe and other regions in the last decade and the concept of this school was presented. The basic principles of process and outcome evaluation implemented in practice in the project "The health promoting school" (1992-1995) and the model (concept, methods, organisation) of evaluation of outcomes (at national and school level) of this project were described. The European Network of Health Promoting Schools focused on many initiatives during the past five years looking for effective and useful for schools methods of evaluation of health promoting school. Examples of indicators at international, national and school levels, focusing on dissemination, structures and impact, were presented.

Europe↗
PubMed2001

The presence of the ail gene in clinical strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from stools in Poland and characteristics of gene variant.

The non-American variant of ail gene was found independently of the virulence-associated plasmid pYV in all 152 tested clinical Y. enterocolitica O:3 strains isolated from humans in Poland. Data obtained by sequencing exhibited high genetic stability of the ail gene present in the tested isolates obtained from different regions of the country. The PCR-RFLP technique was sufficient for fast identification and characterization of the ail gene variant present in the tested strains.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecologo-economical model of the region development based on the expert approach (example of Bieszczad montain region, Poland)].

A computer simulation has been developed for the dynamics of forest communities and abundance of wild animals in the Bieszczad mountain region (Carpathians, Southern Poland) at the background of changing quality of water resulting from the development of tourism and agriculture. The simulation operates on scaled variables in the 0-1 range. The functional relationships in the simulation were determined by the Delphi evaluation. The simulation was used to consider scenarios of various environmental influences of the region-climatic factors (warming and changed rainfall) as well as anthropogenic disturbances (development of tourism, agriculture, and commercial hunting). The simulation can be adapted for other regions.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Cancer mortality in rubber tire workers in Poland.

The study aimed at assessing cancer risk in a cohort of workers employed in the rubber tire production. The cohort consisted of 17,747 workers (11,660 men and 6087 women) employed in a rubber tire plant for at least three months during the years 1950-1995. The cohort follow-up was completed on December 31, 1995. Deaths by causes were analyzed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) calculated by the person-years method. The mortality pattern of the general population of Poland was used as the reference. The study indicated significantly lower total mortality in the cohort (men: SMR = 72; women: SMR = 62) as compared to the general population, which is an example of a well known "healthy worker effect". The number of deaths from malignant neoplasms was also lower than expected (men: SMR = 67; women: SMR = 64). Only in a very small sub-cohort of men involved in dosing and mixing of raw material for the production of rubber, an excess of total mortality (SMR = 104) and from all cancers (SMR = 115) was found. Mortality from all neoplasms was enhanced (SMR = 108) in the sub-cohort of women employed in the technical service work area. When analyzing individual cancer sites in men of the whole cohort or sub-cohorts, the observed number of deaths from cancers of the lip, tongue, pharynx, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, peritoneum, articular cartilage, connective tissue, skin, testis, prostate, bladder, kidney, brain, as well as from Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and leukemia was larger than the expected number. Among women the excess mortality was due to cancers of the large myeloma and leukemia. The SMR calculated for these sites were statistically insignificant. The cohort under study was "young" and thus relatively small numbers of deaths were recorded. The excess mortality, based quite frequently on single cases of selected cancer sites, cannot be regarded as a basis for final conclusions. Nevertheless, the fact that these observations are in agreement with the findings of other authors who carried out studies in the rubber industry of other countries justifies the need to follow-up this cohort in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Botulism in Poland in 1999].

Total 97 cases of botulism were registered in 1999 in Poland with incidence 0.25/100,000. In the rural area were registered 61 (incidence 0.41/100,000), and in the urban regions 36 (incidence 0.15) cases. The incidence among men (0.32) outnumbered the incidence among women (0.18). In 1999 there were 68 outbreaks of one person noted, 6 outbreaks of two people, 3 of three people and 2 of four people. Dishes from meat were the main vehicle of the botulinum toxin (58 cases; 59.8%). In this number prevailed home made conserves (wecks) from pork meat (26.8%). No deaths were registered in 1999.

Adult↗