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A diaphragm, placed in front of the eye acts as an artificial pupil as well as a field stop. The improvement of visual performance in the presence of opacities is due to its action as a field stop.
124 lowgrade hypermetropic pupils aged from 6 to 9 years, with normal I.Q. showed exophoria for near vision combined with weakness of convergence and school difficulties in several disciplines. These were treated as follows: training of the physiological diplopy, training of convergence, and surgical treatment by unilateral or bilateral resection of the medial rectus (the last-mentioned method has been applied on failure of so-called "ophthalmologic home-work"). Results were satisfactory in only 19%. The subjective primary complaints, similar to asthenopy, disappeared within a few weeks (65%). The effect of ophthalmological treatment was examined by the school psychological service as to acceleration in learning. Supported by comparisable objective effects (reading- and writing tests) with 50 control persons an improvement of concentration and motivation (77% and 62%), of reading capacity (44%) and of writing capacity (42%) was obtained within a space of 6 weeks to four months. Without taking up a too great percentage of the available school time, more attention should be paid in the elementary school age to a more accurate examination of the eyes, in order to detect even minor defects.
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BACKGROUND: For nearly 75 years, optometric vision therapy has been an important mode of therapy for both children and adults who manifested a range of nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence disorders. METHODS: In this article, the scientific basis for, and efficacy of, optometric vision therapy in such patients will be discussed. Using bio-engineering models of the oculomotor system as the conceptual framework, emphasis will be focused on studies that used objective recording techniques to directly assess therapeutically related changes in oculomotor responsivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The findings clearly support the validity of optometric vision therapy. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the tenets of general motor learning.
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Twenty-eight eyes of 26 patients underwent a phacoemulsification with implantation of a bifocal posterior chamber lens (Storz-True Vista). The mean visual acuity increased from 0.28 to 0.74. To obtain best visual acuity for near, 19 eyes needed additional reading addition. A subgroup of 14 patients underwent also a phacoemulsification with implantation of a monofocal posterior chamber lens into the other eye. The mean visual acuity increased from 0.25 to 0.84. All monofocal eyes obtained an optimal near vision with a reading addition of 3 diopters. In this subgroup 9 patients preferred their monofocal eye for distance vision and 10 for near vision. Not a single patient preferred the bifocal eye.
The Gracis biprism appears to be the best actual method of testing eye fixation as early as 6 months. It is the appropriate test for microstrabismus screening. The treatment of the late onset microstrabismus is more simple than the treatment of the early onset microstrabismus, where the dominance of fixation is stronger. If the calibrated filters are sufficient in the first case, the optical penalisation (+ 2 D to + 3 D) on the dominant eye is the best long-term treatment in primary microstrabismus. Based on the specific aspects of the early onset strabismus, such as bi-ocularity and latent nystagmus, optical penalization without atropine offers an alternative long-term method to occlusion without any trouble of visual development of the fixating eye.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.