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PubMed1989

Identification of the antigenic components of paramyxovirus-3, paramyxovirus-6 and Newcastle disease virus in turkeys.

The aim of this study was to use the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western immunoblotting as possible tools to differentiate infections in turkeys by different paramyxoviruses. Pooled hyperimmune sera of turkeys infected with either paramyxovirus-3 (PMV-3), paramyxovirus-6 (PMV-6), or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were assayed for antibodies specific to the three viruses by the ELISA and Western immunoblotting. ELISA results showed cross reactions of turkey antibodies between PMV-3 and PMV-6 antigens, while turkey antibodies to NDV did not cross-react with any of the other paramyxoviruses. The immunoblots of sera from birds infected with PMV-3 (Minnesota turkeys and Iowa chickens) reacted to low molecular weight polypeptides of PMV-3 of 29, 32, and 34 kDa, and to a high molecular weight band of 200 kDa. The same Minnesota turkey sera had a cross reaction to the 200 kDa polypeptide of PMV-6, while the Iowa chicken sera did not. Both sera had no apparent reaction to NDV proteins. Western immunoblotting showed that the turkey PMV-3 sera had a specific reaction to a 220 kDa polypeptide present in PMV-3, but not in PMV-6, while the turkey PMV-6 sera had a specific reaction to a 130 kDa polypeptide present in PMV-6, but not in PMV-3. Immunoblots of pooled sera from turkeys infected with PMV-6 (Minnesota source) reacted to the 200 kDa protein present in both PMV-3 and PMV-6; however, no reaction occurred between this sera and NDV proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Antigenic and genotypical characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Taiwan between 1969 and 1996.

Three major epidemics of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan over the past three decades (in 1969, 1984, and 1995). In order to gain a better understanding of the relationships between past ND epizootics in Taiwan, 36 ND viruses (NDVs) isolated between 1969 and 1996 were characterized antigenically and genotypically. The antigenicity of these viruses was analysed by their ability to cause binding of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cell cultures infected with the isolate. Using a panel of 22 mAbs to divide NDVs into subgroups, a total of 18 binding patterns were revealed. The sequences covering the cleavage site of the fusion protein gene of these isolates were also determined. The results of the phylogenetic analysis placed 36 NDVs into I, II, VIb, VIIa, VIII and two novel genotypes (provisionally termed X and VIh). The 1969 velogenic isolates were of genotypes X and VIh; the 1984-1985 velogenic isolates were genotyped VIb, VIh, VIIa, and X; while the 1995-1996 velogenic isolates were genotyped VIIa or VIII. Some 1969 and 1984 velogenic isolates were of the same mAbs binding pattern and genotype, and the mAbs binding patterns of the 1995-1996 isolates have not been seen before. It is concluded that velogenic NDVs of different genotype and antigenic type have co-circulated in Taiwan at least since 1969. Also there were epizootiological links between strains isolated in 1969 and 1984, whereas the 1995-1996 epidemic was caused by new antigenic variants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and tissues of vitamin A-deficient broiler chicks after Newcastle disease virus vaccination.

The effect of all-trans retinol and retinoic acid (RA) on the local and systemic immune system of broiler chicks was examined. Chicks fed diets supplemented with .2 micrograms retinol/g of diet had significantly greater serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations 5 wk after primary vaccination with live B1 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) than did chicks fed 2 micrograms retinol/g of diet. Eight days after a second vaccination with an inactivated La Sota strain of NDV, serum, intestinal, and tracheal IgG and IgM concentrations were higher in chicks fed a diet without retinol or retinoic acid (RA) than in chicks fed either 2 micrograms of retinol or RA/g of diet, respectively. Despite an increase in serum immunoglobulin concentration, serum antibody titer in response to the second NDV vaccination was significantly lower in chicks fed a vitamin A-deficient diet than in chicks fed adequate retinol and RA-supplemented diets. Eight days after revaccination, IgA concentrations in bile were also significantly lower in vitamin A-deficient chicks than in controls. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, biliary IgA, and antibody responses were greater in chicks fed diets supplemented with 2 micrograms of RA/g of diet than in chicks fed an equivalent amount of vitamin A in the form of retinol.

Animals↗