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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Infant sleep during the first postnatal day: an opportunity for assessment of vulnerability.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sleep of newborns throughout the first 48 postnatal hours and to relate their earliest sleep characteristics to developmental status at 6 months. METHODS: The sleep of 36 healthy newborns was recorded continuously throughout the first two postnatal days, starting immediately after birth, using an automated Motility Monitoring System. The Motility Monitoring System consists of a pressure-sensitive mattress pad connected to an amplifier and a small 24-hour analog recorder. A single channel of analog signals produced by the newborn's respiration and motility is continuously recorded onto a 60-minute cassette tape. The signals are digitized and scored, in 30-second epochs, for Active Sleep, Quiet Sleep, Active-Quiet Transition, Sleep-Wake Transition, and Wake. In addition to the percent of time spent in each state, the Mean Bout Length of Active Sleep, Mean Bout Length of Quiet Sleep, Mean Sleep Period, Longest Sleep Period, and Arousals in Quiet Sleep were also measured. RESULTS: On postnatal day 1, four measures were significantly related to 6-month Bayley mental scores: Mean Sleep Period, Longest Sleep Period, Sleep-Wake Transition, and Arousals in Quiet Sleep; and two measures were significantly related to Bayley motor scores: Mean Sleep Period and Sleep-Wake Transition. On postnatal day 2, none of the measures were related to mental scores, while two measures were related to the motor scores: Quiet Sleep and Mean Bout Length of Quiet Sleep. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the newborn's sleep characteristics during the first postnatal day provide uniquely sensitive indices of later neurobehavioral function.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

National surveillance for antibiotic resistance in zoonotic enteric pathogens.

Treatment of food-producing animals with antimicrobial agents that are important in human therapy may present a public health risk by the transfer of resistant zoonotic pathogens from animals to humans. Resistant bacteria can diminish the effectiveness of antibiotics and demand the use of more expensive or less safe alternatives. In 1996, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the National Antimicrobial Monitoring System to prospectively monitor changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities of zoonotic pathogens from human and animal clinical specimens, healthy farm animals, and carcasses of food-producing animals at slaughter plants. This article describes the development, implementation, and objectives of the monitoring system and presents initial data generated by the system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical immunology laboratory in diagnosis and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus and connective tissue diseases].

The laboratory and particularly clinical immunology laboratories have an essential role in diagnosing and monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as other connective tissue diseases. The role of the clinical immunology laboratory in these diseases is to confirm or exclude diagnosis, to monitor disease activity, and to identify subgroup of patients. To obtain the best results in terms of diagnostic performance and clinical usefulness, the following recommendations should be fulfilled: anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) determination by indirect immunofluorescence on Hep-2 cells is an effective screening assay in patients with clinical features of SLE. A negative ANA test makes the diagnosis of SLE unlikely. Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are associated with renal involvement. The method of choice for anti-dsDNA is the Farr assay; however, the necessity of using radioactive materials reduces its applicability. As an alternative, immunofluorescence on Crithidia Luciliae can be used in the diagnostic phase due to its high specificity. The detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) and to phospholipids (lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin antibodies) is useful in identifying subgroups of patients at risk for some clinical manifestations. Anti-dsDNA measurement with a quantitative assay (the Farr assay or ELISA) is currently the best method to monitor disease activity along with complement levels. New assays (anti-C1q and anti-nucleosome antibodies) have been recently proposed for the diagnosis (anti-nucleosome) and monitoring of SLE patients (anti-C1q and anti-nucleosome antibodies), with promising results.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

An integrated mini biosensor system for continuous water toxicity monitoring.

An integrated water toxicity monitoring system that uses recombinant bioluminescent bacteria was successfully developed for the continuous monitoring and classification of toxicities present in water. This system consists of four channels arranged horizontally inside of a cylinder, with each channel having two small bioreactors that are vertically connected to each other to maintain a separation of the culture reactor from test reactor. This system is easily handled and installed, making its application in the field a potential reality. As well, it performed stably and continuously due to the vertical separation of the culture reactor from the test reactor and a long term operation was also performed because of its small working volume, i.e., only 1 ml for the 1st bioreactor and 2 ml for the 2nd. During an operation with four strains, i.e., EBHJ2, DP1, DK1 and DPD2794, which are responsive to superoxide damage (EBHJ2 and DP1), hydrogen peroxide (DK1), and DNA damage (DPD2794), the O.D. and bioluminescence of the bacterial cultures inside the system were constant when no chemical was injected. However, with the addition of paraquat, hydrogen peroxide or mitomycin C, the bioluminescent responses of the strains were found to be dose-dependent to different concentrations of these chemicals.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed2006

Low-cost, email-based system for self blood pressure monitoring at home.

We have developed a low-cost monitoring system, which allows subjects to send blood pressure (BP) data obtained at home to health-care professionals by email. The system consists of a wrist BP monitor and a personal computer (PC) with an Internet connection. The wrist BP monitor includes an advanced positioning sensor to verify that the wrist is placed properly at heart level. Subjects at home can self-measure their BP every day, automatically transfer the BP data to their PC each week, and then send a comma-separated values (CSV) file to their health-care professional by email. In a feasibility study, 10 subjects used the system for a mean period of 207 days (SD 149). The mean percent achievement of measurement in the 10 subjects was 84% (SD 12). There was a seasonal variation in systolic and diastolic BP, which was inversely correlated with temperature. Eight of the 10 subjects evaluated the system favourably. The results of the present study demonstrate the feasibility of our email-based system for self-monitoring of blood pressure. Its low cost means that it may have widespread application in future home telecare studies.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A multiparametric monitoring network system based on windows operation system].

This paper introduces the general structure and implementary method both in hardware and software of a monitoring network system, which is developed for monitoring physiological multi-parameter under Windows operation system and based on personal computer. The parameters monitored by the system include Electrocardiogram (ECG), Noninvasive Blood Pressure (NIBP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), Respiration (RESP) and Body Temperature. Monitoring data can be shared by internal hospital network. The system has the advantages of easy operation and flexible structure. It is a new kind of hospital monitoring equipment.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative selected ion monitoring processing system: software and hardware for the automated collection and analysis of selected ion monitoring data acquired for use in pharmacokinetic studies.

The Quantitative Selected Ion Monitoring Processing System (QSIMPS) is a collection of software and hardware which was designed with the capacity to analyze 30,600 samples per year in support of pharmacokinetic studies. On a per sample basis, QSIMPS was designed to inject a sample into the GC, control the GC divert valve, collect selected ion monitoring data, identify the peaks for the drug and one metabolite and each compound's reference standard, fit the peaks to a relevant chromatographic model, calculate chromatographic features of merit, calculate the peak heights and ratio of the drug and its reference standard and the metabolite and its reference standard, and, using calibration data, convert the ratio to an amount of drug. On a per tray (batch) basis, QSIMPS was designed to fit all the peak height ratios from the calibration standards to either a linear equation, or a generalized nonlinear isotope dilution equation, report a statistical analysis of the fit, and, using aliquot factors, convert the measured amount of drug into concentrations. On a per project basis, QSIMPS prints reports summarizing statistical data on the calibration standards and the quality assurance samples, and prints reports presenting the concentration data as a function of, for examples, subject, drug treatment, time postdose, etc., along with other ancillary data such as subject sex, weight, species, etc. In addition, QSIMPS can fit the concentration data to a number of common pharmacokinetic model-derived equations, and report the resulting pharmacokinetic parameters along with a statistical comparison of the parameters.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2002

Video-based system for intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: comparison with electromyography.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a recently developed intraoperative facial nerve monitoring system that is based on video control of facial movements. STUDY DESIGN: In a single-subject design study, involving 15 otoneurosurgical patients, the relationship between intensity of neural stimulation, facial movements, and electrophysiologic voltage were measured. The analysis was performed by measuring the ipsilateral oral commissure displacement in relation to different levels of current administered to the nerve during surgical procedures. SETTING: Electromyography and video system intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. PATIENTS: 15 patients (9 men, 6 women; mean age, 61 yr) undergoing a translabyrinthine approach for removal of acoustic neuroma. RESULTS: Electromyography showed slightly greater sensitivity. With regard to the stimulation-response ratio, facial movement and electromyographic amplitude showed very similar responses. CONCLUSIONS: The video system was considered useful in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, the authors' surgical experience showed some limitations of electromyography, especially in terms of electrical artifact during cauterization, totally masking the electrophysiologic monitoring.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

[Health monitoring on a federal level. Approaches and perspectives].

An assessment of the existing elements of a health monitoring system in Germany is given. Based on the analysis of deficits, the necessity for a comprehensive health monitoring system is recognised. The authors suggest starting points for the development of such a system in Germany by integrating different actors and taking into account different interests. The proposed system is based on a modular principle and allows for continuity as well as flexibility. As one key element in this monitoring system, a longitudinal health study is suggested, which allows the observation of developments in health matters as well as the evaluation of health policy actions. A plan for the step-wise development and testing of the health monitoring system is presented. Cooperation and data networking are essential elements. Whereas the flexible parts of the monitoring system should be financed by interested partners and customers, a basic sustainable financial support is a prerequisite. This paper provides arguments for the implementation of a health monitoring system and the need for long-term funding.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1991

Centralized telemetry monitoring: implementation and management.

Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee has implemented a newly designed cardiac arrhythmia monitoring system. Management engineers worked closely with nurses and physicians in the design process which led to development and implementation of a centralized telemetry monitoring system. Changes in the work distribution, improvement of the work environment, efficient use of nursing personnel and upgrades of monitoring equipment are several of the objectives addressed by this new centralized monitoring system. The backbone of the centralized telemetry monitoring system is an effective communication system that fully addresses staff needs during emergency situations. This paper presents the communication system features as well as the operational, functional and technical considerations necessary to support a centralized telemetry monitoring system. Some topics covered in detail include communication system selection, staff scheduling, selection, training, and supervision of staff members, ergonomic workstation design parameters and centralized telemetry monitoring system benefits. One benefit observed was that an additional 35 minutes per nurse per shift was made available to provide additional patient care activities.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2001

TERVA: system for long-term monitoring of wellness at home.

Long-term monitoring of physiological and psychosocial variables in out-hospital conditions would be beneficial for investigating changes in wellness status of an individual or to understand interaction between physiological and behavioral processes. We aimed to design a personal wellness monitoring system (TERVA), which would allow monitoring of wellness-related variables at home for several weeks or even months. The designed TERVA system runs on a laptop computer and interfaces with different measurement devices through a serial interface. Measured variables include beat-to-beat heart rate, motor activity, blood pressure, weight, body temperature, respiration, ballistocardiography, movements, and sleep stages. In addition, self-assessments of daily well-being and activities are stored by keeping a behavioral diary. To test the system, one healthy man used the system for 10 weeks. The system was successfully applied in out-hospital conditions. The success rate of the measurements was 70-91%, depending on the variable under consideration. The pilot study indicated that the recorded data accurately reflected the health status of the subject. The TERVA system provides a method to record and investigate wellness-related data over several weeks, or even months, outside the hospital among subjects capable of using a personal computer. Several applications of the system are discussed.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with a computer-controlled bedside monitoring and infusion system.

A metabolic monitoring system is described that allows the simultaneous and automatic in vivo analysis of the metabolic parameters glucose, pH, and pCO2 as well as the computer-controlled automation of the possible necessary infusion therapy. This bedside system has proved to be useful in treating acidotically and non-acidotically decompensated diabetes mellitus. Our experience with this system is as follows: 1. quick correction of the acidosis without danger of alkalosis, 2. shorter period of treatment, 3. considerably reduced insulin requirement, 4. no danger of hypoglycemia, and 5. minimum net blood withdrawal (1.2 ml/h). The efficiency of this system is demonstrated by examples.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A system for monitoring the delivery of ventilating gas to the oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Present methods for monitoring delivery of ventilating gas to the oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass have not been critically examined despite the occurrence of catastrophic gas flow disturbances. Currently, a flowmeter regulates the delivery of gas into the proximal portion of the gas circuit, and at these institutions, an oxygen (O2) analyzer positioned downstream of the flowmeter monitors oxygen concentration of the flowing gas. However, these devices are incapable of accurately analyzing the flow of gas into the oxygenator housing. In response to this deficiency, the authors developed and evaluated, in a laboratory model, an alternative system for monitoring ventilating gas flow. The system measured quantity of gas flow by pneumotachography, and oxygen concentration of the ventilating gas with a polarographic oxygen analyzer at the gas inlet port of the oxygenator. Five types of disturbances in gas delivery, which have been documented in the medical literature, were created in a laboratory model: (1) O2 concentration variation, (2 and 3) oxygenator gas line disconnection at each of two locations in the gas circuit, (4) a decrease in gas flow to the oxygenator secondary to a leak in the gas circuit, and (5) excess gas flow to the oxygenator. The capability of currently used monitoring devices (flowmeter and "passive" O2 analyzer) with the proposed monitoring system (pneumotachograph and "aspirating" O2 analyzer) was compared for detecting these abnormalities in gas delivery. The currently used devices were only able to satisfactorily detect a change in oxygen concentration. In contrast, the proposed system was able to rapidly detect all types of gas delivery disturbance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New OTC drugs and devices 2003: a selective review.

OBJECTIVES: To present current information about trends development and marketing of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and dietary supplement products and describe new products, delivery systems, home monitoring devices, and home accessories in these markets that are likely generating questions from or posing potential problems for patients. DATA SOURCES: Recently published clinical and pharmaceutical industry literature. STUDY SELECTION: By the authors. DATA EXTRACTION: By the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: Last year witnessed the first effort of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remove a dietary supplement from the U.S. market. Ephedra, because of its imminent danger when used for weight reduction and athletic enhancement, was the target of FDA action. FDA has issued a final rule implementing this ban, which prohibits the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (e.g., ephedra). Two newer diet-aid products are being actively promoted with little or no safety and effectiveness data. Thus, pharmacist's vigilance is important along with sensible advice on how to lose weight safely and effectively. Further, two independent organizations have created certification programs for dietary supplements that ensure product purity, active ingredient strength, and compliance with good manufacturing practices. In addition, through recent changes in federal legislation, consumers are now able to obtain reimbursement for their nonprescription purchases through flexible spending accounts. Information is presented in this article about selected products in these OTC, home care, and dietary supplement categories: heartburn (proton pump inhibitors), allergy (second-generation antihistamines), constipation (laxatives), diabetes mellitus (blood glucose monitoring systems), home testing (fertility monitoring), nicotine addiction (smoking cessation products), otic disorders (ear syringes), contraceptives and sexual aids (condoms and lubricants), and dermatology (wart removal). CONCLUSION: Patients continue to increase their reliance on self-care. To assist them, pharmacists must remain up-to-date on trends and have an understanding of the nuances of consumers' behavior and thinking in relation to OTC products and their use.

Drug Labeling↗
PubMed1983

A computerized system for monitoring systolic time intervals from esophageal accelerograms.

An automated microcomputer system for monitoring heart rate and systolic time intervals (STI)--preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and PEP/LVET--was implemented. The system, employing esophageal accelerometry, is economical and simple to operate. Being light and compact, it is therefore portable. The accuracy and reliability are no less than considerably more costly systems. The set of systolic time intervals can be measured and output in 6 sec. The system offers the advantage of monitoring STI in a larger number of surgical patients than do traditional systems due to its esophageal transducer.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Extension of cardiac monitoring function by used of ordinary ECG machine].

This paper deals with a portable monitor system on liquid crystal display (LCD) based on this available ordinary ECG machine, which is low power and suitable for China's specific condition. Apart from developing the overall scheme of the system, this paper also has completed the design of the hardware and the software. The 80c196 single chip microcomputer is taken as the central microprocessor and real time electrocardiac single is data treated and analyzed in the system. With the performance of ordinary monitor, this machine also possesses the following functions: five types of arrhythmia analysis, alarm, freeze, and record of automatic pappering, convenient in carrying, with alternate-current (AC) or direct-current (DC) powered. The hardware circuit is simplified and the software structure is optimized in this paper. Multiple low power designs and LCD unit design are adopted and completed in it. Popular in usage, low in cost price, the portable monitor system will have a valuable influence on China's monitor system field.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1997

A simple monthly means chart system for monitoring sperm concentration.

A simple, robust monthly means chart system for monitoring sperm concentration was developed and used in our andrology laboratory. The system relied on the central limit theorem to allow estimation of chart limits without resorting to data transformation procedures. Once the chart was drawn up, the arithmetic mean of sperm concentration was determined monthly and plotted. Monthly means which fell outside 2 SE from the baseline mean were investigated. Initial experience with this chart system suggests that it provides a simple and useful quality assurance method which should be applicable to other semen variables such as motility and sperm morphology.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Measurement systems and indices of miners' exposure to radon daughter products in the air of mines.

This paper presents the classification of measurement systems that may be used for the assessment of miners' exposure to radiation in mines. The following systems were described and characterized as the Air Sampling System (ASS), the Environmental Control System (ECS), the Individual Dosimetry System (IDS), the Stream Monitoring System (SMS) and the Exhaust Monitoring System (EMS). The indices for evaluation of miners' working environments, or for assessment of individual or collective miners' exposure, were selected and determined. These are: average expected concentration (CAE), average observed concentration (CAO), average expected rate of exposure cumulation rate (EEXP), average observed exposure cumulation rate (EOBS), average effective exposure cumulation rate (EEFF). Mathematical formulae for determining all these indicators, according to the type of measurement system used in particular mines, are presented. The reliability of assessment of miners' exposure in particular measurement systems, as well as the role of the possible reference system, are discussed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗